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CUNTICA (ULL)

FORMULARIO MECNICA CUNTICA

PROF. 16-17
 FORMULARIO MC

MC clsica
1 1
c = = n = d sen mv 2 = eV eV = h h 0
2
h 1 1
E = h E = mc 2 = = RH ( 2 2 )
p n1 n2
Radiacin del cuerpo negro
4
max T = 2.896 x10 3 ( mK ) (Wien) E v = T 4 (Stephan-Boltzmann)
c
8hc 1 8h 3 1
( , T ) d = d
hc / k B T
( , T )d = d
5
e1 c 3
e h / k B T
1
2 2 1 1
8hc 1 8h 3 1
E v = ( , T )d = 5 hc / k BT d E v = ( , T )d = h / k B T
d
1 1 e 1 2 2 c 3
e 1
tomo de Bohr
e2 mv 2 n22
2 r = n mvr = n = r= 4 0 = a 0 n 2
4 0 r 2 r me 2

2 e2 1 me 4 h
a0 = 4 0 v= RH = =
me 2 4 0 n 8 0 h 3 c
2
2
1 me 4 1 1 e2 1
En = 2 2 2
=
2 ( 4 0 ) n 2 ( 4 0 )a0 n 2

Ecuacin de Schrdinger y relaciones bsicas

( x, t ) 2 2 ( x, t )
= + V ( x ) ( x, t )
i t 2m x 2
( q, t ) 2 2 ( q, t )
= + V ( q ) ( q, t )
i t 2m q 2

1 df (t )
=E f (t ) = A exp( iEt / )
i f (t ) dt

( x, t ) = f (t ) ( x ) ( x, t ) = ( x ) exp( iEt / )

2 d 2 ( x ) d 2 ( x ) 2m
+ V ( x ) ( x ) = E ( x ) + 2 [E V ( x )] ( x ) = 0
2m x 2 x 2

1 2
( x, t ) = ( x )
2 2
H ( x ) = E ( x ) p = i p 2 = 2 2 K = p
2m
H = K + V < b >= * B d A B
1
2 [ ]
* A , B d

( B )d = ( B * * )d g ( A f )d = f ( A * g * )d = ( A * g * ) fd
* *

d<x> i
dt
[ ] i
= ( x, t ) * H , x ( x, t )dx = < H , x >

[ ]
Partcula en la caja

( x ) = c1 exp(ix 2mE / ) + c 2 exp( ix 2mE / )

( x ) = A cos( x 2mE / ) + B sen ( x 2mE / )

n2h2 n 2 n
En = ( x ) = B sen x n ( x) = sen x
8mL2 L L L

n
2 2 2
h2 nx ny 2
T ( x ) = c n n ( x ) = c n
n
E= ( 2 + 2 + z2 ) sen x
8m a b c n =1 n =1 L L

2 n
T ( x, t ) = c n n ( x, t ) = c n sen( x ) exp( iE n t / )
n =1 n =1 L L

4 2 n 2 n
2

2
L L
< x >= < p >= 0 < x >= 2
2 < p >=
2

2 2n 3 L

Oscilador armnico

x (t ) = A sen ( wt ) + B cos( wt ) = C sen ( wt + )

k k m1m 2
x (t ) = x 0 cos( wt ) w = 2 = w= =
m m1 + m 2
2
1 dx (t ) 1 1 2
K= m V ( x) = kx (t ) 2 E= kx 0
2 dt 2 2
k 1 1 k 1 k
En = (n + ) = =
2 2 2 c
x 2 k 1
n ( x ) = N n H ( x ) exp( ) = Nn = ( / )1 / 4
2 n
2 n!
n
d
H ( ) = ( 1) n exp( 2 ) exp( 2 ) =x
d n

2
n ( ) = N n H ( ) exp( ) < K > = < p 2 / 2 > < V > = < kx 2 / 2 >
2
1
< x >= 0 < p >= 0 < x2 > = ( n + 1 / 2) < p 2 > = 2 ( n + 1 / 2)

Laplaciano y Momento angular en coordenadas polares
1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1
2 = ( r ) , + ( sen ) r, + ( ) = 2
2 r ,
(r ) 2 2 L2
r r
2
r r sen
2
r sen
2 2
r r r r

x = rsen cos y = rsensen z = r cos d = dxdydz d = r 2 drsendd


L x = i( y z ) L y = i( z x ) L z = i( x y )
z y x z y z

L x = i( sen + cot cos ) L y = i(cos cot sen ) L z = i

2 1 1 2
L =
2
( sen )+ 2
= 2 IH = 2 2
sen sen
2

[ ]
L x , L y = iL z [ ]
L y , L z = iL x [
L z , L x = iL y ] [L , L ] = [L , L ] = [L , L ] = 0
2
x
2
y
2
z

Rotacin 2D en el plano

2 m1m 2
E = ml L = ml Lz = ml I = r 2 =
2

2I m1 + m 2
2
E = ( 2ml + 1) = B( 2ml + 1)
2I

Rotacin 3D en el espacio. Armnicos esfricos

m1m 2
I = r 2 =
m1 + m 2
2
E= l (l + 1) E = 2 B(l + 1)
2I
h2 h h
B= 2 (J ) B= 2 ( s 1 ) B= 2 ( cm 1 )
8 I 8 I 8 Ic
l + ml
1 m /2 d
Pl l ( w) = l (1 w 2 ) l ( w 2 1) l w = cos
m
l + ml
2 l! dw
1/ 2
( 2l + 1)(l ml )!
Yl ( , ) = (cos ) e iml
ml ml
Pl
4 (l + ml )!
L = l (l + 1) Lz = ml

tomo Hidrogenoide

( r, , ) = R ( r )Yl m ( , )
l

1/ 2 l +3 / 2

R( r ) =
( n l 1)! 2 Z
3 [
r l Ln + l
2 l +1
]
( ) e Zr / na0
2n[( n + l )!] na 0
2 l +1 d 2 l +1 d n +l

Ln + l ( ) = Ln + l ( ) Ln + l ( ) = e ( n +l e )
d 2 l +1 d n +l

1/ 2
2 Z 3 ( n l 1)!
R ( r ) = ( ) 3
[
l Ln + l 2 l +1 ( ) e / 2 ] =
2 Zr
na 0 2n[( n + l )!] na 0
1 Z 2 e 4 1 1 Z 2e2 1 1
En = [ ] = [ ] 2 = Z 2 hcRH 2
2 ( 4 0 ) n
2 2 2
2 ( 4 0 )a0 n n

a0 2 1 l (l + 1)
< r >= n 1 + (1 )
Z 2 n 2
 d 2 l +1
Polinomios de Laguerre de grado n+l: L2nl++l1 ( ) = Ln + l ( )
d 2 l +1
Llamamos: = ( 2 Zr / na 0 )
d n +l

en donde: Ln + l ( ) = e ( n +l e )
d n +l

1/ 2
2 Z 3 ( n l 1)!
Funcin Radial: R ( r ) n , l , ml = l L2nl++l1 ( ) e / 2
na 0 2n[( n + l )!]
3

Orbital atmico de rango n, l, ml : ( r, , ) n ,l ,ml = R ( r ) n ,l Yl ml ( , )

n l Funciones de Laguerre
1 0 2 Zr
s L11 ( ) = 1 =
a0

2 0 Zr
s L11 ( ) = 2!(2 ); =
a0
2 1 L33 ( ) = 3!
p

3 0 1 2 2Zr
s L13 ( ) = 3!(3 3 + ) =
2 3a0
3 1 L34 ( ) = 4!(4 )
p
3 2 L55 ( ) = 5!
d

4 0 1 Zr
s L14 ( ) = 4!(6 6 + 2 2 3 ) =
6 2a0
1 1 2
p L35 ( ) = 5!(10 5 + )
2
2 L56 ( ) = 6!(6 )
d
3 L77 ( ) = 7!
f