Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
E IN
AD GE
M
PIPES
RM A NY
Y
ST
EMS
WORLDWIDE
1
IN GENERAL
The system includes all pipe installation components for chilled, hot
fluid and various industrial applications.
Installation
Corroding
metal pipe
Composite Technology
Advantages:
2
IN GENERAL
The coefficient of linear expansion is nearly identical with the one of metal
pipes. Compared with solid plastic pipes, support intervals can be increa-
sed and pipe clamps be saved.
System components
favourable priced
light weight
simply cut and weld!
3
IN GENERAL
climatherm-pipe /
climatherm-faser-composite-pipe
Material: fusiolen PP-R (80) C,
fusiolen PP-R (80) C-GF
di di
d d
climatherm-pipe climatherm-
faser-composite-pipe
4
TECHNIQUE
Safety-factor = 1.25 pe
climatherm-
Temperature
faser-composite-pipe
Service life
5
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part A: Mounting of the tools
1. IMPORTANT!
A B
Art.-No. Passage Hole Branch Hole
6
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part A: Heating up phase
7. During the heating up phase tighten the welding tools carefully with the
clamp. Take care that the tools are completely on the heating surface.
Never use pliers or anyother unsuitable tools, as this will damage the
coating of the welding tools.
ATTENTION:
Heating surface
Operating lamp
(red) Welding tool
Welding tool
7
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part A: Handling
9. A tool change on a heated device requires another check of the
welding temperature at the new tool (after its heating up).
10.If the device has been unplugged, i. e. during longer breaks, the heating
up process has to be restarted (from item 6).
11. After use unplug the welding device and let it cool down. Water must
never be used to cool the welding device, as this would destroy the
heating resistances.
13. For perfect fusion, damaged or dirty welding tools must be replaced,
as only impeccable tools grant a perfect connection.
Fusion
Part A: Guidelines
16.For the correct handling of welding machines the following must be
observed. General Regulations for Protection of Labour and Pre-
vention of Accidents and particularly the Regulations of the Employers
Liability Insurance Association of the Chemical Industry regarding
Machines for the Processing of Plastics, chapter: Welding Machines
and Welding Equipment".
8
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part B: Checking of devices and tools
1. Check, if the fusiotherm-welding device and tool correspond to the
guidelines Fusion Part A.
2. All used devices and tools must have reached the necessary operating
temperature of 260 C. This requires acc. to Fusion Part A, item 8 a
separate test, which is indispensable (DVS-Welding Guidelines):
Application:
After the temperature pilot lamp of the welding device has shown the end
of the heating up period, put a firm chalk line on the heated external sur-
face of the welding tool. The colour must change within 1 - 2 seconds.
If the temperature is too high, the colour will change immediately and if it
is too low (below 260 C) it will change after 3 or more seconds.
before after
9
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part B: Preparation for the fusion
3. Cut the pipe at right angles to the pipe axis. Only use fusiotherm-pipe
cutters or other suitable cutting pliers. Take care that the pipe axis is
free from burrs or cutting chips and remove if necessary.
4. Mark the welding depth at the end of the pipe with the enclosed pencil
and template.
5. Mark the desired position of the fitting on the pipe and / or fitting.
(without picture)
The auxiliary markings on the fitting and the uninterrupted line on the
pipe could be used as a help.
10
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part B: Heating the tube and fittings
6. Push the end of the pipe, without turning, up to the marked welding
depth into the welding tool.
ATTENTION:
The heating time starts, when pipe and fitting have been pushed to the
correct welding depth on the welding tool. Not before!
Fusion
Part B: Setting and Alignment
7. After the heating time quickly remove pipe and fitting from the welding
tools. Join them immediately, and without turning, until the marked
welding depth is covered by the bead of PP from the fitting.
ATTENTION:
Do not push the pipe too far into the fitting, as this would reduce
the bore and in an extreme case close the pipe.
8. The joint elements have to be fixed during the specified assembly time.
Use this time to correct the connection.
9. After the cooling period the fused joint is ready for use.
The result of the fusion of pipe and fitting is an inseparable material
joining of the system elements.
11
TECHNIQUE
Putting the fitting in the right direction. Ready! The result: an inseparable connection.
Fusion
Part C: Weld-in Saddles
fusiotherm-weld-in saddles are available for pipe outer diameters
of 40, 50, 63, 75, 90, 110, 125 and 160 mm.
12
TECHNIQUE
13
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part C: Weld-in Saddles
1. Before commencing the welding process, check whether the fusio-
therm-welding devices and tools meet the requirements of
Fusion Part A.
2. The first step is to drill through the wall of the pipe at the point inten
ded for the outlet using the fusiotherm-drill.
4. The welding device/saddle welding tool must have reached the requi-
red operating temperature of 260 C (check with reference
to Fusion Part B, item 2).
6. Insert the heating nozzle on the concave side of the weld in saddle tool
into the hole drilled in the side wall of the pipe until the tool is complete
ly in contact with the outer wall of the pipe. Next the weld in saddle
nozzle is inserted into the heating sleeve until the saddle surface is up
against the convex side of the welding tool. The heating time of the ele-
ments is generally 30 seconds.
7. After the welding tool has been removed, the weld in saddle nozzle is
immediately inserted into the heated, drilled hole. The weld in saddle
should then be pressed on the pipe for about 15 seconds. After being
allowed to cool for 10 minutes the connection can be exposed to its full
loading. The appropriate branch pipe is fitted into the sleeve on the
fusiotherm-weld in saddle using conventional fusion technology.
By fusing the weld in saddle with the pipe outer surface and the pipe
inner wall the connection reaches highest stability.
14
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part D: fusiotherm-Welding Machine
One wooden transport box for the welding machine includes:
Pipe ex- Welding Welding Cooling The General Guidelines for Heated
Heating time Tool Socket Welding acc. to DVS
terna- depth time time
2207 Part 11 are applied here-
mm mm sec. DVS sec. AQE* sec. min.
upon.
50 20.0 18 27 6 4
*heating times recommended by aquatherm at out-
63 24.0 24 36 8 6 door temperatures below + 5 C
15
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part E: Electrofusion Device
Electrofusion Device
Technical information:
2. Preparation
Follow carefully the order of working steps! Preparation is one of the most
important steps of the electro fusion process!
1. Cut the ends of the pipes rectangularly and burr them thoroughly.
2.Clean and dry the ends of the pipes at the necessary length.
3.Mark the depth of fusiotherm-electro fusion socket at the end of the pipe.
ET min 31.0 34.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 51.0 59.0 66.0 74.0 75.0
ET max 35.0 39.0 40.0 46.0 51.0 59.0 65.0 72.5 80.0 86.0 93.0
16
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part E: Electrofusion Device
4. Peel the surface of both pipes within the marks thoroughly with a pee-
ling apparatus or a lame by min. 0.1 mm, max. 0.2 mm (use fusiotherm-
peeling tool).
Without complete peeling of the surface in the fusion area, you will not
achieve a homogeneous and tight welding connection. Injuries of the surfa-
ce like axial grooves and scratches are not accepted in the fusion zone.
Do not touch peeled surfaces and protect them against dirt and grease.
Start the fusion process within 30 mins after peeling!
Assembling the
fusiotherm-electro fusion sockets
2. Push the fusiothermelectro fusion socket on the clean and dry end of
the pipe up to the marked depth.
Use pressing clamps if necessary.
3. Remove the protective foil now completely and push the other prepared
pipe end into the fusiotherm-electro sockets tighten in the fixation.
Pipes leave, free from tension or own weight, within the fusiotherm-electro
fusion socket. The socket is movable at both pipe ends after assembling.
The air gap has to be even around the circumference. A not stress free resp.
displaced connection can effect an unacceptable melt-flow and a defective
connection while joining. Suitable measurements have to ensure that
during the complete fusionprocess (including cooling) the pipes are aligned
correctly, no outer forces may effect on the welding and that the pipes
cannot move. The pipe ends and electro sockets have to be dry on assemb-
ling. If there are any doubts referring the cleanliness and dryness of the
fusiotherm-electro socket, the inner surface has to be cleaned and dried:
Suitable therefore cleansing clothes.
Cut, peel and clean the pipes Clean the inner surface of the
to be welded carefully electrofusion socket Push the electrofusion socket onto the pipe end!
17
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part E: Electrofusion Device
Fusion Process
1. Position the fitting with even air gap around the circumference.
Do not move or stress pipe and fitting during the whole fusion process
including cooling time.
Clean the electro fusion socket again Push the second pipe onto the socket Keep the cooling time. Finished!
18
TECHNIQUE
Fusion
Part E: Electrofusion Device
Pipe repairs
with fusiotherm-electro socket
Prepare the ends of the existing pipe including marking of the half length of
the fitting. Decape the ends of the repair-pipe on a length of more than the
length of one fitting. Unwrap two fittings and carefully move the fittings
over both ends of the repair pipe.
Then place the repair-pipe into the gap and move the fittings until they are
aligned with the markings on the existing pipes.
Fusion
Part F: Repair
Damaged pipes may be repaired - as already mentioned - by means of
repair pin.
The necessary welding tool (Art.-No. 50307/11) and repair pin (Art.-No.
60600) can be purchased at specialised trade
19
TECHNIQUE
The new 160 mm-pipes are especially well suitable for the transport of
various media in the field of industrial or chilled and hot applications.
They can also be used for sanitary installations in huge hotel or hospital
buildings and in the shipbuilding industry.
Pipes and fittings are fused, as shortly explained below, by heating element
butt welding::
4.Plastic pipes are aligned and fixed by means of the clamping elements
13. When heating time has expired, divide the machine slide, remove hea
ting element quickly and join the pipes again (by putting both parts of
the slide together).
14.The pipes are fused with the required welding pressure and cool down
under pressure.
20
TECHNIQUE
Important Note
1.)
The welding machines have to be suitable for the welding of pipes with a
diameter/wall thickness ratio of up to SDR 7.4
2.)
For hydraulically operated welding machines, the real manometer pressure
has to be calculated under consideration of the hydraulic piston area.
21
TECHNIQUE
1 2
3 4
5 6
22
TECHNIQUE
Diagram
Diagram of linear expansion caused by temperature:
climatherm-pipe
climatherm-faser composite pipe
80
70
60
50
Difference in temperature T [K]
40
30
20
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Linear expansion l in mm/m
23
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V di 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
0.01l/s 0.60l/min R 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
0.02l/s 1.20l/min R 0.17 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.10m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
0.03l/s 1.80l/min R 0.34 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.15m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
0.04l/s 2.40l/min R 0.54 0.18 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.19m/s 0.12m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
0.05l/s 3.00l/min R 0.79 0.27 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.24m/s 0.15m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s
0.06l/s 3.60l/min R 1.08 0.37 0.11 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.29m/s 0.18m/s 0.11m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s
0.07l/s 4.20l/min R 1.41 0.48 0.15 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.34m/s 0.21m/s 0.13m/s 0.08m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
0.08l/s 4.80l/min R 1.78 0.60 0.18 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.39m/s 0.24m/s 0.15m/s 0.10m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
0.09l/s 5.40l/min R 2.17 0.73 0.22 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.44m/s 0.28m/s 0.17m/s 0.11m/s 0.07m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
0.10l/s 6.00l/min R 2.61 0.88 0.27 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.49m/s 0.31m/s 0.19m/s 0.12m/s 0.08m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
0.12l/s 7.20l/min R 3.58 1.20 0.37 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.58m/s 0.37m/s 0.22m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
0.16l/s 9.60l/min R 5.91 1.97 0.60 0.21 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.78m/s 0.49m/s 0.30m/s 0.19m/s 0.12m/s 0.08m/s 0.05m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s
0.18l/s 10.8l/min R 7.26 2.42 0.74 0.26 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.87m/s 0.55m/s 0.33m/s 0.22m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s
0.20l/s 12.0l/min R 8.74 2.91 0.89 0.31 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
v 0.97m/s 0.61m/s 0.37m/s 0.24m/s 0.15m/s 0.10m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s
0.30l/s 18.0l/min R 17.89 5.92 1.79 0.63 0.22 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
v 1.46m/s 0.92m/s 0.56m/s 0.36m/s 0.23m/s 0.14m/s 0.10m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s
.
V= volumetric current [l/s] R = pressure gradient [mbar/m] v = flow rate [m/s]
24
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V di 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
R 29.88 9.85 2.97 1.05 0.36 0.12 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.40l/s 24.0l/min
v 1.94m/s 1.22m/s 0.74m/s 0.48m/s 0.31m/s 0.19m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s
R 44.59 14.65 4.41 1.55 0.53 0.18 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00
0.50l/s 30.0l/min
v 2.43m/s 1.53m/s 0.93m/s 0.60m/s 0.38m/s 0.24m/s 0.17m/s 0.12m/s 0.08m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s
R 61.95 20.29 6.09 2.14 0.73 0.24 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00
0.60l/s 36.0l/min
v 2.91m/s 1.84m/s 1.11m/s 0.72m/s 0.46m/s 0.29m/s 0.20m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.07m/s 0.04m/s
R 81.91 26.76 8.01 2.81 0.96 0.32 0.14 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00
0.70l/s 42.0l/min
v 3.40m/s 2.14m/s 1.30m/s 0.84m/s 0.54m/s 0.34m/s 0.24m/s 0.16m/s 0.11m/s 0.09m/s 0.05m/s
R 104.43 34.03 10.16 3.56 1.22 0.40 0.17 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.00
0.80l/s 48.0l/min
v 3.88m/s 2.45m/s 1.48m/s 0.96m/s 0.61m/s 0.39m/s 0.27m/s 0.19m/s 0.13m/s 0.10m/s 0.06m/s
R 129.49 42.10 12.55 4.38 1.50 0.50 0.21 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.01
0.90l/s 54.0l/min
v 4.37m/s 2.75m/s 1.67m/s 1.08m/s 0.69m/s 0.43m/s 0.30m/s 0.21m/s 0.14m/s 0.11m/s 0.07m/s
R 157.05 50.96 15.16 5.29 1.80 0.60 0.26 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01
1.00l/s 60.0l/min
v 4.85m/s 3.06m/s 1.85m/s 1.20m/s 0.76m/s 0.48m/s 0.34m/s 0.24m/s 0.16m/s 0.12m/s 0.07m/s
R 219.61 71.00 21.05 7.33 2.49 0.82 0.35 0.15 0.06 0.03 0.01
1.20l/s 72.0l/min
v 5.82m/s 3.67m/s 2.23m/s 1.44m/s 0.92m/s 0.58m/s 0.41m/s 0.28m/s 0.19m/s 0.15m/s 0.09m/s
R 292.01 94.09 27.81 9.66 3.28 1.08 0.46 0.20 0.07 0.04 0.01
1.40l/s 84.0l/min
v 6.79m/s 4.28m/s 2.60m/s 1.68m/s 1.07m/s 0.67m/s 0.47m/s 0.33m/s 0.22m/s 0.17m/s 0.10m/s
R 374.15 120.20 35.43 12.28 4.16 1.37 0.59 0.25 0.09 0.05 0.02
1.60l/s 96.0l/min
v 7.76m/s 4.90m/s 2.97m/s 1.92m/s 1.22m/s 0.77m/s 0.54m/s 0.38m/s 0.25m/s 0.20m/s 0.12m/s
R 465.98 149.30 43.89 15.19 5.14 1.69 0.72 0.30 0.12 0.06 0.02
1.80l/s 108l/min
v 8.73m/s 5.51m/s 3.34m/s 2.16m/s 1.38m/s 0.87m/s 0.61m/s 0.42m/s 0.28m/s 0.22m/s 0.13m/s
R 567.44 181.36 53.20 18.38 6.21 2.04 0.87 0.37 0.14 0.08 0.02
2.00l/s 120l/min
v 9.70m/s 6.12m/s 3.71m/s 2.40m/s 1.53m/s 0.96m/s 0.68m/s 0.47m/s 0.31m/s 0.24m/s 0.15m/s
R 678.50 216.37 63.33 21.84 7.37 2.42 1.03 0.43 0.17 0.09 0.03
2.20l/s 132l/min
v 10.67m/s 6.73m/s 4.08m/s 2.64m/s 1.68m/s 1.06m/s 0.74m/s 0.52m/s 0.35m/s 0.27m/s 0.16m/s
R 799.13 254.31 74.29 25.58 8.62 2.83 1.20 0.51 0.19 0.11 0.03
2.40l/s 144l/min
v 11.64m/s 7.34m/s 4.45m/s 2.88m/s 1.84m/s 1.16m/s 0.81m/s 0.56m/s 0.38m/s 0.29m/s 0.18m/s
R 929.29 295.16 86.06 29.59 9.96 3.27 1.39 0.58 0.22 0.12 0.04
2.60l/s 156l/min
v 12.61m/s 7.95m/s 4.82m/s 3.11m/s 1.99m/s 1.25m/s 0.88m/s 0.61m/s 0.41m/s 0.32m/s 0.19m/s
R 1068.98 338.93 98.64 33.88 11.39 3.73 1.59 0.66 0.25 0.14 0.04
2.80l/s 168l/min
v 13.58m/s 8.57m/s 5.19m/s 3.35m/s 2.14m/s 1.35m/s 0.95m/s 0.66m/s 0.44m/s 0.34m/s 0.21m/s
.
V= volumetric current [l/s] R = pressure gradient [mbar/m] v = flow rate [m/s]
25
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
R 1218.17 385.58 112.04 38.43 12.91 4.23 1.80 0.75 0.29 0.16 0.05
3.00l/s 180l/min
v 14.55m/s 9.18m/s 5.56m/s 3.59m/s 2.29m/s 1.45m/s 1.01m/s 0.71m/s 0.47m/s 0.37m/s 0.22m/s
R 1376.85 435.13 126.23 43.25 14.51 4.75 2.02 0.84 0.32 0.18 0.05
3.20l/s 192l/min
v 15.52m/s 9.79m/s 5.94m/s 3.83m/s 2.45m/s 1.54m/s 1.08m/s 0.75m/s 0.50m/s 0.39m/s 0.24m/s
R 1545.01 487.56 141.23 48.33 16.20 5.29 2.25 0.94 0.36 0.20 0.06
3.40l/s 204l/min
v 16.50m/s 10.40m/s 6.31m/s 4.07m/s 2.60m/s 1.64m/s 1.15m/s 0.80m/s 0.53m/s 0.41m/s 0.25m/s
R 1722.64 542.87 157.03 53.67 17.97 5.87 2.49 1.04 0.40 0.22 0.07
3.60l/s 216l/min
v 17.47m/s 11.01m/s 6.68m/s 4.31m/s 2.75m/s 1.73m/s 1.22m/s 0.85m/s 0.57m/s 0.44m/s 0.27m/s
R 1909.73 601.05 173.62 59.28 19.83 6.47 2.74 1.15 0.44 0.24 0.07
3.80l/s 228l/min
v 18.44m/s 11.63m/s 7.05m/s 4.55m/s 2.91m/s 1.83m/s 1.28m/s 0.89m/s 0.60m/s 0.46m/s 0.28m/s
R 2106.27 662.09 191.01 65.15 21.78 7.10 3.01 1.26 0.48 0.26 0.08
4.00l/s 240l/min
v 19.41m/s 12.24m/s 7.42m/s 4.79m/s 3.06m/s 1.93m/s 1.35m/s 0.94m/s 0.63m/s 0.49m/s 0.30m/s
R 2312.26 726.00 209.19 71.28 23.81 7.76 3.28 1.37 0.52 0.28 0.09
4.20l/s 252l/min
v 20.38m/s 12.85m/s 7.79m/s 5.03m/s 3.21m/s 2.02m/s 1.42m/s 0.99m/s 0.66m/s 0.51m/s 0.31m/s
R 2527.68 792.76 228.15 77.67 25.92 8.44 3.57 1.49 0.57 0.31 0.09
4.40l/s 264l/min
v 21.35m/s 13.46m/s 8.16m/s 5.27m/s 3.37m/s 2.12m/s 1.49m/s 1.03m/s 0.69m/s 0.54m/s 0.33m/s
R 2752.55 862.38 247.91 84.32 28.12 9.15 3.87 1.62 0.61 0.33 0.10
4.60l/s 276l/min
v 22.32m/s 14.07m/s 8.53m/s 5.51m/s 3.52m/s 2.22m/s 1.55m/s 1.08m/s 0.72m/s 0.56m/s 0.34m/s
R 2986.84 934.86 268.45 91.23 30.40 9.88 4.18 1.74 0.66 0.36 0.11
4.80l/s 288l/min
v 23.29m/s 14.69m/s 8.90m/s 5.75m/s 3.67m/s 2.31m/s 1.62m/s 1.13m/s 0.75m/s 0.59m/s 0.36m/s
R 3230.57 1010.18 289.78 98.40 32.76 10.64 4.50 1.88 0.71 0.39 0.12
5.00l/s 300l/min
v 24.26m/s 15.30m/s 9.27m/s 5.99m/s 3.82m/s 2.41m/s 1.69m/s 1.18m/s 0.79m/s 0.61m/s 0.37m/s
R 3483.71 1088.36 311.89 105.82 35.20 11.43 4.83 2.01 0.76 0.42 0.13
5.20l/s 312l/min
v 25.23m/s 15.91m/s 9.65m/s 6.23m/s 3.98m/s 2.51m/s 1.76m/s 1.22m/s 0.82m/s 0.63m/s 0.39m/s
R 3746.28 1169.38 334.78 113.49 37.73 12.24 5.17 2.16 0.82 0.44 0.14
5.40l/s 324l/min
v 26.20m/s 16.52m/s 10.02m/s 6.47m/s 4.13m/s 2.60m/s 1.82m/s 1.27m/s 0.85m/s 0.66m/s 0.40m/s
R 4018.26 1253.24 358.46 121.43 40.34 13.08 5.52 2.30 0.87 0.47 0.15
5.60l/s 336l/min
v 27.17m/s 17.13m/s 10.39m/s 6.71m/s 4.28m/s 2.70m/s 1.89m/s 1.32m/s 0.88m/s 0.68m/s 0.42m/s
R 4299.66 1339.95 382.92 129.62 43.03 13.95 5.89 2.45 0.93 0.50 0.15
5.80l/s 348l/min
v 28.14m/s 17.75m/s 10.76m/s 6.95m/s 4.44m/s 2.80m/s 1.96m/s 1.36m/s 0.91m/s 0.71m/s 0.43m/s
.
V= volumetric current [l/s] R = pressure gradient [mbar/m] v = flow rate [m/s]
26
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
R 4590.48 1429.50 408.16 138.06 45.80 14.84 6.26 2.61 0.99 0.54 0.16
6.00l/s 360l/min
v 29.11m/s 18.36m/s 11.13m/s 7.19m/s 4.59m/s 2.89m/s 2.03m/s 1.41m/s 0.94m/s 0.73m/s 0.45m/s
R 4890.70 1521.88 434.17 146.76 48.65 15.75 6.64 2.76 1.05 0.57 0.17
6.20l/s 372l/min
v 30.08m/s 18.97m/s 11.50m/s 7.43m/s 4.74m/s 2.99m/s 2.09m/s 1.46m/s 0.97m/s 0.76m/s 0.46m/s
R 5200.34 1617.11 460.97 155.71 51.59 16.69 7.04 2.93 1.11 0.60 0.18
6.40l/s 384l/min
v 31.05m/s 19.58m/s 11.87m/s 7.67m/s 4.90m/s 3.08m/s 2.16m/s 1.50m/s 1.01m/s 0.78m/s 0.48m/s
R 5519.38 1715.17 488.54 164.91 54.61 17.66 7.44 3.10 1.17 0.64 0.19
6.60l/s 396l/min
v 32.02m/s 20.19m/s 12.24m/s 7.91m/s 5.05m/s 3.18m/s 2.23m/s 1.55m/s 1.04m/s 0.80m/s 0.49m/s
R 5847.83 1816.07 516.89 174.37 57.70 18.65 7.86 3.27 1.24 0.67 0.21
6.80l/s 408l/min
v 32.99m/s 20.80m/s 12.61m/s 8.15m/s 5.20m/s 3.28m/s 2.30m/s 1.60m/s 1.07m/s 0.83m/s 0.51m/s
R 6185.68 1919.80 546.02 184.08 60.88 19.67 8.28 3.44 1.30 0.71 0.22
7.00l/s 420l/min
v 33.96m/s 21.42m/s 12.98m/s 8.39m/s 5.35m/s 3.37m/s 2.36m/s 1.65m/s 1.10m/s 0.85m/s 0.52m/s
R 7071.45 2191.54 622.22 209.45 69.17 22.32 9.39 3.90 1.48 0.80 0.24
7.50l/s 450l/min
v 36.39m/s 22.95m/s 13.91m/s 8.99m/s 5.74m/s 3.61m/s 2.53m/s 1.76m/s 1.18m/s 0.91m/s 0.56m/s
R 8015.98 2480.97 703.27 236.40 77.97 25.12 10.57 4.39 1.66 0.90 0.27
8.00l/s 480l/min
v 38.81m/s 24.48m/s 14.84m/s 9.58m/s 6.12m/s 3.86m/s 2.70m/s 1.88m/s 1.26m/s 0.98m/s 0.60m/s
R 10081.26 3112.89 879.88 295.01 97.06 31.21 13.10 5.43 2.05 1.11 0.34
9.00l/s 540l/min
v 43.66m/s 27.54m/s 16.69m/s 10.78m/s 6.88m/s 4.34m/s 3.04m/s 2.12m/s 1.41m/s 1.10m/s 0.67m/s
R 3815.51 1075.77 359.86 118.13 37.90 15.89 6.58 2.48 1.34 0.41
10.0l/s 600l/min
v 30.59m/s 18.55m/s 11.98m/s 7.65m/s 4.82m/s 3.38m/s 2.35m/s 1.57m/s 1.22m/s 0.74m/s
R 5432.66 1525.35 508.25 166.18 53.12 22.22 9.18 3.46 1.87 0.57
12.0l/s 720l/min
v 36.71m/s 22.26m/s 14.38m/s 9.18m/s 5.78m/s 4.05m/s 2.82m/s 1.89m/s 1.46m/s 0.89m/s
R 7332.17 2051.81 681.46 222.06 70.75 29.53 12.18 4.58 2.47 0.75
14.0l/s 840l/min
v 42.83m/s 25.97m/s 16.77m/s 10.71m/s 6.75m/s 4.73m/s 3.29m/s 2.20m/s 1.71m/s 1.04m/s
27
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
28
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
29
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
R 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.01l/s 0.60l/min
v 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
R 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.02l/s 1.20l/min
v 0.10m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
R 0.23 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.03l/s 1.80l/min
v 0.15m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
R 0.38 0.13 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.04l/s 2.40l/min
v 0.19m/s 0.12m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s 0.00m/s
R 0.57 0.19 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.05l/s 3.00l/min
v 0.24m/s 0.15m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s
R 0.78 0.26 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.06l/s 3.60l/min
v 0.29m/s 0.18m/s 0.11m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.00m/s
R 1.02 0.34 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.07l/s 4.20l/min
v 0.34m/s 0.21m/s 0.13m/s 0.08m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
R 1.30 0.43 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.08l/s 4.80l/min
v 0.39m/s 0.24m/s 0.15m/s 0.10m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
R 1.60 0.53 0.16 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.09l/s 5.40l/min
v 0.44m/s 0.28m/s 0.17m/s 0.11m/s 0.07m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
R 1.92 0.64 0.19 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.10l/s 6.00l/min
v 0.49m/s 0.31m/s 0.19m/s 0.12m/s 0.08m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
R 2.66 0.88 0.27 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.12l/s 7.20l/min
v 0.58m/s 0.37m/s 0.22m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s 0.01m/s
R 4.46 1.47 0.44 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.16l/s 9.60l/min
v 0.78m/s 0.49m/s 0.30m/s 0.19m/s 0.12m/s 0.08m/s 0.05m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s
R 5.51 1.81 0.54 0.19 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.18l/s 10.8l/min
v 0.87m/s 0.55m/s 0.33m/s 0.22m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s
R 6.67 2.18 0.65 0.23 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.20l/s 12.0l/min
v 0.97m/s 0.61m/s 0.37m/s 0.24m/s 0.15m/s 0.10m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s 0.02m/s 0.01m/s
R 13.96 4.53 1.35 0.47 0.16 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.30l/s 18.0l/min
v 1.46m/s 0.92m/s 0.56m/s 0.36m/s 0.23m/s 0.14m/s 0.10m/s 0.07m/s 0.05m/s 0.04m/s 0.02m/s
.
V= volumetric current [l/s] R = pressure gradient [mbar/m] v = flow rate [m/s]
30
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
R 23.69 7.65 2.27 0.79 0.27 0.09 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.40l/s 24.0l/min
v 1.94m/s 1.22m/s 0.74m/s 0.48m/s 0.31m/s 0.19m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.06m/s 0.05m/s 0.03m/s
R 35.82 11.51 3.39 1.18 0.40 0.13 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00
0.50l/s 30.0l/min
v 2.43m/s 1.53m/s 0.93m/s 0.60m/s 0.38m/s 0.24m/s 0.17m/s 0.12m/s 0.08m/s 0.06m/s 0.04m/s
R 50.32 16.10 4.73 1.64 0.55 0.18 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00
0.60l/s 36.0l/min
v 2.91m/s 1.84m/s 1.11m/s 0.72m/s 0.46m/s 0.29m/s 0.20m/s 0.14m/s 0.09m/s 0.07m/s 0.04m/s
R 67.17 21.42 6.27 2.16 0.73 0.24 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00
0.70l/s 42.0l/min
v 3.40m/s 2.14m/s 1.30m/s 0.84m/s 0.54m/s 0.34m/s 0.24m/s 0.16m/s 0.11m/s 0.09m/s 0.05m/s
R 86.36 27.45 8.01 2.76 0.93 0.30 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00
0.80l/s 48.0l/min
v 3.88m/s 2.45m/s 1.48m/s 0.96m/s 0.61m/s 0.39m/s 0.27m/s 0.19m/s 0.13m/s 0.10m/s 0.06m/s
R 107.89 34.20 9.95 3.42 1.15 0.38 0.16 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.00
0.90l/s 54.0l/min
v 4.37m/s 2.75m/s 1.67m/s 1.08m/s 0.69m/s 0.43m/s 0.30m/s 0.21m/s 0.14m/s 0.11m/s 0.07m/s
R 131.73 41.65 12.09 4.14 1.39 0.45 0.19 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.01
1.00l/s 60.0l/min
v 4.85m/s 3.06m/s 1.85m/s 1.20m/s 0.76m/s 0.48m/s 0.34m/s 0.24m/s 0.16m/s 0.12m/s 0.07m/s
R 186.37 58.66 16.95 5.79 1.94 0.63 0.27 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01
1.20l/s 72.0l/min
v 5.82m/s 3.67m/s 2.23m/s 1.44m/s 0.92m/s 0.58m/s 0.41m/s 0.28m/s 0.19m/s 0.15m/s 0.09m/s
R 250.26 78.49 22.59 7.69 2.57 0.84 0.35 0.15 0.06 0.03 0.01
1.40l/s 84.0l/min
v 6.79m/s 4.28m/s 2.60m/s 1.68m/s 1.07m/s 0.67m/s 0.47m/s 0.33m/s 0.22m/s 0.17m/s 0.10m/s
R 323.38 101.10 29.00 9.84 3.28 1.06 0.45 0.19 0.07 0.04 0.01
1.60l/s 96.0l/min
v 7.76m/s 4.90m/s 2.97m/s 1.92m/s 1.22m/s 0.77m/s 0.54m/s 0.38m/s 0.25m/s 0.20m/s 0.12m/s
R 405.71 126.50 36.17 12.25 4.07 1.32 0.56 0.23 0.09 0.05 0.01
1.80l/s 108l/min
v 8.73m/s 5.51m/s 3.34m/s 2.16m/s 1.38m/s 0.87m/s 0.61m/s 0.42m/s 0.28m/s 0.22m/s 0.13m/s
R 497.26 154.68 44.11 14.91 4.94 1.60 0.67 0.28 0.11 0.06 0.02
2.00l/s 120l/min
v 9.70m/s 6.12m/s 3.71m/s 2.40m/s 1.53m/s 0.96m/s 0.68m/s 0.47m/s 0.31m/s 0.24m/s 0.15m/s
R 598.00 185.64 52.81 17.81 5.89 1.90 0.80 0.33 0.13 0.07 0.02
2.20l/s 132l/min
v 10.67m/s 6.73m/s 4.08m/s 2.64m/s 1.68m/s 1.06m/s 0.74m/s 0.52m/s 0.35m/s 0.27m/s 0.16m/s
R 707.95 219.37 62.27 20.96 6.92 2.23 0.94 0.39 0.15 0.08 0.02
2.40l/s 144l/min
v 11.64m/s 7.34m/s 4.45m/s 2.88m/s 1.84m/s 1.16m/s 0.81m/s 0.56m/s 0.38m/s 0.29m/s 0.18m/s
R 827.09 255.87 72.49 24.36 8.03 2.59 1.09 0.45 0.17 0.09 0.03
2.60l/s 156l/min
v 12.61m/s 7.95m/s 4.82m/s 3.11m/s 1.99m/s 1.25m/s 0.88m/s 0.61m/s 0.41m/s 0.32m/s 0.19m/s
R 955.42 295.13 83.46 28.00 9.21 2.96 1.24 0.52 0.20 0.11 0.03
2.80l/s 168l/min
v 13.58m/s 8.57m/s 5.19m/s 3.35m/s 2.14m/s 1.35m/s 0.95m/s 0.66m/s 0.44m/s 0.34m/s 0.21m/s
.
V= volumetric current [l/s] R = pressure gradient [mbar/m] v = flow rate [m/s]
31
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
R 1092.94 337.17 95.19 31.88 10.48 3.37 1.41 0.59 0.22 0.12 0.04
300l/s 180l/min
v 14.55m/s 9.18m/s 5.56m/s 3.59m/s 2.29m/s 1.45m/s 1.01m/s 0.71m/s 0.47m/s 0.37m/s 0.22m/s
R 1239.65 381.96 107.68 36.01 11.82 3.79 1.59 0.66 0.25 0.13 0.04
3.20l/s 192l/min
v 15.52m/s 9.79m/s 5.94m/s 3.83m/s 2.45m/s 1.54m/s 1.08m/s 0.75m/s 0.50m/s 0.39m/s 0.24m/s
R 1395.55 429.53 120.91 40.39 13.24 4.24 1.78 0.74 0.28 0.15 0.05
3.40l/s 204l/min
v 16.50m/s 10.40m/s 6.31m/s 4.07m/s 2.60m/s 1.64m/s 1.15m/s 0.80m/s 0.53m/s 0.41m/s 0.25m/s
R 1560.63 479.85 134.90 45.01 14.73 4.72 1.97 0.82 0.31 0.17 0.05
3.60l/s 216l/min
v 17.47m/s 11.01m/s 6.68m/s 4.31m/s 2.75m/s 1.73m/s 1.22m/s 0.85m/s 0.57m/s 0.44m/s 0.27m/s
R 1734.90 532.94 149.64 49.87 16.31 5.21 2.18 0.90 0.34 0.18 0.06
3.80l/s 228l/min
v 18.44m/s 11.63m/s 7.05m/s 4.55m/s 2.91m/s 1.83m/s 1.28m/s 0.89m/s 0.60m/s 0.46m/s 0.28m/s
R 1918.35 588.78 165.14 54.97 17.95 5.73 2.40 0.99 0.37 0.20 0.06
4.00l/s 240l/min
v 19.41m/s 12.24m/s 7.42m/s 4.79m/s 3.06m/s 1.93m/s 1.35m/s 0.94m/s 0.63m/s 0.49m/s 0.30m/s
R 2110.99 647.39 181.39 60.31 19.68 6.28 2.62 1.08 0.41 0.22 0.07
4.20l/s 252l/min
v 20.38m/s 12.85m/s 7.79m/s 5.03m/s 3.21m/s 2.02m/s 1.42m/s 0.99m/s 0.66m/s 0.51m/s 0.31m/s
R 2312.81 708.76 198.38 65.90 21.48 6.85 2.86 1.18 0.44 0.24 0.07
4.40l/s 264l/min
v 21.35m/s 13.46m/s 8.16m/s 5.27m/s 3.37m/s 2.12m/s 1.49m/s 1.03m/s 0.69m/s 0.54m/s 0.33m/s
R 2523.82 772.89 216.13 71.73 23.36 7.44 3.10 1.28 0.48 0.26 0.08
4.60l/s 276l/min
v 22.32m/s 14.07m/s 8.53m/s 5.51m/s 3.52m/s 2.22m/s 1.55m/s 1.08m/s 0.72m/s 0.56m/s 0.34m/s
R 2744.01 839.79 234.63 77.80 25.31 8.05 3.36 1.38 0.52 0.28 0.09
4.80l/s 288l/min
v 23.29m/s 14.69m/s 8.90m/s 5.75m/s 3.67m/s 2.31m/s 1.62m/s 1.13m/s 0.75m/s 0.59m/s 0.36m/s
R 2973.38 909.44 253.88 84.12 27.34 8.69 3.62 1.49 0.56 0.30 0.09
5.00l/s 300l/min
v 24.26m/s 15.30m/s 9.27m/s 5.99m/s 3.82m/s 2.41m/s 1.69m/s 1.18m/s 0.79m/s 0.61m/s 0.37m/s
R 3211.93 981.84 273.88 90.67 29.45 9.35 3.89 1.60 0.60 0.32 0.10
5.20l/s 312l/min
v 25.23m/s 15.91m/s 9.65m/s 6.23m/s 3.98m/s 2.51m/s 1.76m/s 1.22m/s 0.82m/s 0.63m/s 0.39m/s
R 3459.66 1057.01 294.63 97.47 31.63 10.03 4.18 1.72 0.64 0.35 0.11
5.40l/s 324l/min
v 26.20m/s 16.52m/s 10.02m/s 6.47m/s 4.13m/s 2.60m/s 1.82m/s 1.27m/s 0.85m/s 0.66m/s 0.40m/s
R 3716.58 1134.94 316.13 104.51 33.88 10.74 4.47 1.84 0.69 0.37 0.11
5.60l/s 336l/min
v 27.17m/s 17.13m/s 10.39m/s 6.71m/s 4.28m/s 2.70m/s 1.89m/s 1.32m/s 0.88m/s 0.68m/s 0.42m/s
R 3982.68 1215.63 338.38 111.78 36.22 11.47 4.77 1.96 0.73 0.40 0.12
5.80l/s 348l/min
v 28.14m/s 17.75m/s 10.76m/s 6.95m/s 4.44m/s 2.80m/s 1.96m/s 1.36m/s 0.91m/s 0.71m/s 0.43m/s
.
V= volumetric current [l/s] R = pressure gradient [mbar/m] v = flow rate [m/s]
32
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
R 4257.95 1299.07 361.38 119.30 38.62 12.23 5.08 2.09 0.78 0.42 0.13
6.00l/s 360l/min
v 29.11m/s 18.36m/s 11.13m/s 7.19m/s 4.59m/s 2.89m/s 2.03m/s 1.41m/s 0.94m/s 0.73m/s 0.45m/s
R 4542.41 1385.28 385.13 127.07 41.11 13.00 5.40 2.22 0.83 0.45 0.14
6.20l/s 372l/min
v 30.08m/s 18.97m/s 11.50m/s 7.43m/s 4.74m/s 2.99m/s 2.09m/s 1.46m/s 0.97m/s 0.76m/s 0.46m/s
R 4836.06 1474.24 409.63 135.07 43.67 13.80 5.73 2.35 0.88 0.47 0.14
6.40l/s 384l/min
v 31.05m/s 19.58m/s 11.87m/s 7.67m/s 4.90m/s 3.08m/s 2.16m/s 1.50m/s 1.01m/s 0.78m/s 0.48m/s
R 5138.88 1565.96 434.88 143.31 46.30 14.63 6.07 2.49 0.93 0.50 0.15
6.60l/s 396l/min
v 32.02m/s 20.19m/s 12.24m/s 7.91m/s 5.05m/s 3.18m/s 2.23m/s 1.55m/s 1.04m/s 0.80m/s 0.49m/s
R 5450.88 1660.44 460.88 151.79 49.01 15.47 6.41 2.63 0.98 0.53 0.16
6.80l/s 408l/min
v 32.99m/s 20.80m/s 12.61m/s 8.15m/s 5.20m/s 3.28m/s 2.30m/s 1.60m/s 1.07m/s 0.83m/s 0.51m/s
R 5772.06 1757.67 487.62 160.52 51.80 16.34 6.77 2.77 1.04 0.56 0.17
7.00l/s 420l/min
v 33.96m/s 21.42m/s 12.98m/s 8.39m/s 5.35m/s 3.37m/s 2.36m/s 1.65m/s 1.10m/s 0.85m/s 0.52m/s
R 6615.19 2012.83 557.77 183.38 59.09 18.61 7.70 3.15 1.18 0.63 0.19
7.50l/s 450l/min
v 36.39m/s 22.95m/s 13.91m/s 8.99m/s 5.74m/s 3.61m/s 2.53m/s 1.76m/s 1.18m/s 0.91m/s 0.56m/s
R 7515.69 2285.22 632.60 207.74 66.85 21.03 8.70 3.56 1.33 0.71 0.21
8.00l/s 480l/min
v 38.81m/s 24.48m/s 14.84m/s 9.58m/s 6.12m/s 3.86m/s 2.70m/s 1.88m/s 1.26m/s 0.98m/s 0.60m/s
R 9488.83 2881.71 796.29 260.98 83.78 26.29 10.85 4.43 1.65 0.89 0.27
9.00l/s 540l/min
v 43.66m/s 27.54m/s 16.69m/s 10.78m/s 6.88m/s 4.34m/s 3.04m/s 2.12m/s 1.41m/s 1.10m/s 0.67m/s
R 3547.14 978.70 320.23 102.59 32.12 13.23 5.39 2.00 1.07 0.32
10.0l/s 600l/min
v 30.59m/s 18.55m/s 11.98m/s 7.65m/s 4.82m/s 3.38m/s 2.35m/s 1.57m/s 1.22m/s 0.74m/s
R 5084.80 1399.66 456.72 145.83 45.47 18.68 7.59 2.81 1.51 0.45
12.0l/s 720l/min
v 36.71m/s 22.26m/s 14.38m/s 9.18m/s 5.78m/s 4.05m/s 2.82m/s 1.89m/s 1.46m/s 0.89m/s
R 6898.17 1895.46 617.22 196.56 61.10 25.03 10.14 3.75 2.00 0.60
14.0l/s 840l/min
v 42.83m/s 25.97m/s 16.77m/s 10.71m/s 6.75m/s 4.73m/s 3.29m/s 2.20m/s 1.71m/s 1.04m/s
33
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
34
CALCULATION
Dimension da 20.0 mm 25.0 mm 32.0 mm 40.0 mm 50.0 mm 63.0 mm 75.0 mm 90.0 mm 110.0 mm 125.0 mm 160.0 mm
.
V dj 16.2 mm 20.4 mm 26.2 mm 32.6 mm 40.8 mm 51.4 mm 61.4 mm 73.6 mm 90.0 mm 102.2 mm 130.8 mm
35
CALCULATION
Support Intervals
climatherm pipes/faser composite pipes
Table to determine support intervals for climatherm-pipes/climatherm-faser composite
pipes in conjunction with temperature and outside diameter.
36
REFERENCES
Hotel Meliton,
Porto Carras (Chalkidiki),
Greece
37
REFERENCES
Dom Aquaree,
Berlin, Germany
38