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8('%* $' )($,%&C'3 1 r $/ 9$)%*. ('&%-.&* )*' +&)D* ,$'%&+*;
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~0 r<a
~
E(r) = Q r
20 L r a < r < b
~0

r>b
8*. /* ?($ /- +&E$.$')&- +$ 8*%$')&-/ $'%.$ 8/-)-, $,
b
Q dr Q 20 L
Z
V = = ln(b/a) = C =
20 L a r 20 L ln(a/b)
$, /- )-8-)&%-')&- +$/ )*'+$',-+*. )&/0'+.&)*;
I/ 56-. 9$.%&)-/A$'%$ $/ )*'+$',-+*.3 $/ >/*?($ +&$/@)%.&)* +$,)&$'+$ 8*. $/ 8$,* ?($+-'+* ('-
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20 x 2(L x)
C1 = C2 =
ln(b/a) ln(b/a)
8*. /* ?($ /- )-8-)&%-')&- +$/ )*'+$',-+*. )*A8/$%* $,

20 x 2(L x) 2
C(x) = C1 + C2 = + = (L x( 0 ))
ln(b/a) ln(b/a) ln(b/a)
8-.- 0 < x < L
J- $'$.40- 8*%$')&-/ -/A-)$'-+- $' $/ )*'+$',-+*. $,

1 Q2
U (x) =
2 C(x)

#->$A*, ?($ /- E($.B- ,*>.$ $/ +&$/@%.&)* $6$.)&+- 8*. $/ )*'+$',-+*.3 )(-'+* /- )-.4- $,
)*',%-'%$3 $, F~ = U
~ 3 8*. /* ?($ /- E($.B- %*%-/ ,*>.$ $/ >/*?($ +&$/@)%.&)* $,

dU
F~ = x x = ~0
+ mg
dx
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#$%&'( )*+,&)&-+ ./0 10 ,020 )/'3$&4 0+ 0$ 0./&$&24&*5 6*4 %(+%*7

dU
mg =
dx
1 Q 2 dC
 
=
2 C dx
2
Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
=
4 (L x( 0 ))2
Q2 ln(b/a)( 0 )
= (L x( 0 ))2 =
4mg
s
ln(b/a)( 0 )
|L x( 0 )| = Q
4mg
s
ln(b/a)( 0 )
(L x( 0 )) = Q
4mg
s
L Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
= x =
( 0 ) ( 0 ) 4mg
8020'*1 (3$&)(4 $( 401%4&))&-+ 0 < x < L ( ('2(1 1*$/)&*+015 90+0'*1 34&'04('0+%0 ./0

s
L Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
x+ = + < L
( 0 ) ( 0 ) 4mg
s  
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= < L 1 = <0
( 0 ) 4mg ( 0 ) ( 0 )
q
Q ln(b/a)(0 )
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6*4 %(+%*7 $( #+&)( 3*1&)&-+ ,0 0./&$&24&* 3*4 $* 34*+%* 3*1&2$0 01

s
L Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
x0 =
( 0 ) ( 0 ) 4mg
:3$&)(+,* $(1 401%4&))&*+017 %0+0'*1 ./0

s
L Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
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s
Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
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s
L Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
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s
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0 4mg

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s s
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<L<
4mg 0 4mg
Q Q
= <
0
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5'3 *%.*'; ,% 1'()-)0. /$ $67),)23)' $(

s
L Q ln(b/a)( 0 )
x0 =
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~ = 0 E
D ~ = 0, r<a

a < r < 2a1 ?' $*%$ -)*. (%&6&@):.* 6$0 /$ 1)(**>

qenc
Z
~ n
E dS =
S 0
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/$ *&$:2,$>

~ = q
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J),) $6 3$-%., /$*26)@):&$'%.>

~ = 0 E
~ = q
D r, si a < r < 2a
4r2
2a < r < 2, 5a1 G26&-):.* 6$0 /$ 1)(** 2),) /&$67-%,&-.*>
Z
~ n
D dS = qenc
S
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~ = q
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40 r2 (1 + ar )
r > 2, 5a B(1$1/.2+) $&C +& D.6,, )=(&2&0), +1*&'(.0&2(& 56&A

~ = q
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r q
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I10-$1J'.2+)A
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p = P~ (
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p int = P~ r =
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q
p ext = P~ r =
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~ P~
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~ P~ = 1 2
p = (r P )
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p =
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Z
~ dS
D ~=D ~1 S
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S
E( -* A3/+* 7(6&) </( -&) ,+&'/%1&) ($1+( -&) 7(%1&+() '(),-*C*60($1& 5 -&) 7(%1&+() '( *+(*
%/6,-( %&$:

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D ~1 + D
~2 S
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D1 + D2 = L
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D1 = 0
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D2 = E2 = L
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Q
E2 = 1
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1 y 2
3d

>?&+* ()1* (I,+()0&$ -* ,&'(6&) +(()%+040+ %&6&:

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E2 = (3d2 y 2 )
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d d
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Z Z
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3* *#0/ #* /40$*,* 51*

8 Qd
V =
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~ = D = P = 0
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y
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V0 = E ~ d~l

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Dd ln(2)
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V0 0
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D V0
E= =
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P~ = D ~ = V0 0
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d ln(2) y + d
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;
Z
~ dS
D ~=D ~1 S
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~2 = qenc = L S
S
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~1 S
D ~1 + D
~2 S
~2 = D1 s + D2 S = L S

D1 + D2 = L
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D2 = L
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V0 0
Q = SL = SD2 = S
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Q 0
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