CORROSION

IId

RECUBRIMIENTOS
METODOS DE CONTROL DE LA CORROSION

INSTALACIN DE SISTEMAS
DE
PROTECCIN
CATDICA
 DE
APLICACIN
INHIBIDORES

MTODOS DE CONTROL DE LA CORROSIN

CAMBIODE
MATERIALES
/ DISEO

APLICACIN
DE PINTURAS
Y RECUBRIMIENTOS
 RECUBRIMIENTOS

Los recubrimientos protegen el metal por medio de una barrera entre el

medio y el sustrato del metal. Los recubrimientos se pueden clasificar en 3
tipos:

Orgnicos
Inorgnicos
Metlicos

Los inhibidores orgnicos forman una barrera fsica y en algunos casos

contienen inhibidores; entre este tipo se encuentran:

Pinturas
Lacas
Resinas
Barnices

Sus propiedades dependen de la formulacin; la proteccin requiere de

una aplicacin cuidadosa haciendo una preparacin adecuada del
sustrato.

Los inhibidores inorgnicos tambin forman una barrera fsica entre el

medio y el metal.
Entre los inorgnicos se encuentran:

Esmaltes
Fibras de vidrio
Por conversin (cromatos, fosfatos, anodizados)

Los recubrimientos metlicos crean una barreara entre el sustrato del

metal y el medio. Se producen por tcnicas como baos en inmersin en
caliente, galvanizacin, cladding, spray trmico, deposicin qumica
vaporizado, modificacin de la superficie por laser, haz de iones.

A continuacin se presenta una tabla con las resinas organicas mas

usadas, sus ventajas y desventajas:
 RECUBRIMIENTOS

Resin type Advantages Limitatim1s Commems,

Autooxidative cross..linked resins
Alkyds Good resistance to ot chemically resistant not Long oil alkyds make
atrnospheric weathering and suitable for application over excellent primers for
rusted moderate chetnical fumes; alkaline surfaces, such as
.and pitted
. steel and wooden not resistant to chemical
.nlash simd niUaQe.LofJ 1mme:rs1on
're istance i. adeauate for

oi 1 alkyds have good mi1d chemica] fumes that

pet1etratiot1but are s1ow
dryiog; .bort oil alkyds are
fast drying.1'emperatnre
resistant to J 05 C {225 F)
Good weather resistance.; 1
Generally the l east resistant
1
oilbased chemi.cal resi stance better epoxy resin.
coating w.ith good
tlian alkyds aod usually strong chemical fumes,
otber sufficietlt to resist nonna1
coating types. Easy to app1y.
Temperature resistance: 105
attack 'C (225 F) [n dry
am:10spheres. ot suitable for
predmni11ate in tnany
industrial areas. Used as
i.nteri.or and exterior
industrial and marine fiuishes
A bighequality
ot resistant to
compati bi1ity with most
splasb, or spillage.
atmospl1eric corrosive
Used wdely for attnospheric
:resistance in chem[cal
environments 01:11 structumJ
Them1oplastic resins
Acrylics ExceUen t light and
ultraviolet stabihty.gloss.
and color .retention. Good
chemi cal resistance and
e:xcellent atmospberic
weathering resistan.ce.
Resistant to chemjcaJ fumes
and occasional mi ld
chemi cal splash and
spillage. Minimal chalking,
little if any darkening on
prolonged exposure to
u.ltraviolet light
\Valer Resistant of water. mild
emulsion latex chemica l fumes.and
\1t.reathering.Good alkali
resistance. Latexes are
compatible with most
generic coating types,
either as an u.ndercoat or
topcoat
Coa] lar pif .ch
Excellent '\Vater resistance
(greater than all other types
of coatings); good
resistance to acids. alkalies,
and mineral, animal, and
vegetable oils
Thennoplastic and water
emulsion acryUcs not suitable
for any immersion service or
any substantial acid or
alkaline chemical e:xposu.re.
Most ac.ryli.c coatings are used
as topcoats in atmospheric
service .. Acrylic emulsions.
have lnitations described
under "\Vater emulsion
latex."
Must be stored above
f.reezing_ Does not
penetrare drnlky surfaces..
Exterior weather and
chemica l resistance not as
good as
solvent or oil-based
coatings_ Not suitable for
immersion service
Unless cross linked ""'ith
another re.sin, is
thermoplastic and wi 11 flow
at temperatures of 40 C (100
QF) or less ..
Hardens and embrittles in
cold weather. Black color
on prolonged sunligbt
exposure, a.lthough still
protective
Used predominantly where
light stability, gloss,and
color retention are of primary
importance.\Vi tb cross
linking, greater chemical
resistance can be ac11ieved.
Cross-linked acryLics are the
most common automotive
finish. Emulsion acrylics are
often used as primers on
concrete block and masonry
surfaces.
Ease of appljcation and
cleanup . No toxic solvents..
iGood concrete and masonry
sealers, because breathing
film aUows passage of water
vapor .. Used as interior and
exterior coatings
Used as moisture-.resistant
coat ings in immesioo and
underground service.\Videly
used as pipeline exterior and
interior coatings below
grade. Pitch emu.lsions used
as pavement sealers.
R:elatively iuexpensive
 Tbennoplastic resin
Black color only. Poor Good water resi.stance aJ1d Asphalt pitch
.resistance to hydrocarbon solvents; oiJ s; fats, and sotne ultrav.iolet stabihty.
orgaoic solvents. \ViUnot
Does notbave
crack orrno
the degrade
isture in
resista
sunligbt.. No11toxic and suitable for ex.posare to food
Cross-linked thermosetting resit1s
Bispbenol-F Lower volatile organic Less flexible requires Increasing use due to high
epoxies compound (VOC) content thorough blast cleaning reactivity and low VOC
than Bis-A epoxies. Better surface preparation content
temperature and chemical
resistan:ce than Bis-A
types. Intennediate
temperature and cbemical
resistance between Bis-A
and novolacs
Epoxy Greatest chemical resistance Least flexible of epoxy resins. Used for higb-tettiperature
nmolacs and l1igbest temperature Costly. chetnical immersion
service resistance of all epoxy
resins used for most severe
- . .
unmers1on serv1ce
Po1yamide- Superior to amine-cured Cross linki.ng does not occu.r Easier to apply ru1d topcoat
cnred epoxies epoxies for \\1ater resistance. bel.ow 5 C (40 F). more flexible, and better
Excellent adhesion gloss, Maximum resistances moisture resistance than
hardness impact, and generally require 7 day cu.re at amine-cured epoxies.
abrasion resistance . More 20 C (70 F). Slightl y lower Excellent adhesion over steel
flexible and tougher than chemical resistance than and concrete.A widely used
amine-cured epoxies. Sorne atnine-cured epoxies industrial and marine
formulations can cure on mai.ntenance coating.Sorne
wet surfaces and formulario.ns can be applied
underwater. Temperature to wet or underwater
resistance.: 105 C (225 F) surfaces.
dry; 65 C ( 150 F) wet
Cross-linked thermosettin resins
PoJyuretbanes Aliphatic uretlianes are
(aromatic or noted for their
aJiphatic) chemicaUy e:xcellent
gloss,color.and ultraviolet
light resistance.
Propert:ies vary widely .
depending on the polyol
coreactant.. Generally;
chemical and moisture
resistances are similar to
those of polyamide-cured
epoxies. and abrasion
resistance is usually
excellent.
Amine-cured Excellent resistance to
epoxies al.kalies. most organic and
inorganic acids, water, and
aqueous salt solutions.
Solvent resistance and.
resistance to oxidi zing
agents are good as long as
not continually wetted.
Amine adducts have
slightl y less chemical and
moisture resistance.
Because of the versatility of Aliphatic urethanes are
the isocyanate reaction. wide widely used as glossy
diversity exists in specific light fast topcoats on rnany
coating properties.Exposure exterior stmctures in
to tbe isocyanate should be corrosive environments.
minimized to avoid sensitivity They are relatively expensive
that may result in an but extremely durable.. The
asdunatic-like breathing isocyanate can. be combined
conctition on continued wit:b other generic materials
exposure. Carbon dioxide is to enhance chem.ical
released on exposu.re to moisture, low-temperature.
humidity,which may result in and abrasion resistance.
gasing or bubbling of rhe
coating in humid conditions.
Aromatic urethanes may
darken or yellow on exposure
to ultraviolet .rad.iation .
Harder and less flexible than Good chemical and \11.reather
otber epoxies and intolerant of resistance. Best chem.ical
moisture during application. resistance of epoxy family.
Coating chalks on exposure to Excellent adhesion to steel
ultraviolet light. Strong and concrete. Widely used in
solvents may lift coatings. maintenance coatings and
Temperature resistance: l 05 tank linings
C (225 F) wet; 90 C ( 190
F) dry. Will not cure below 5
C (40 F) should be
topcoated within 72 h to avoid
intercoat delaminarjon.
Maxi.mum properties require
curing time of approximately
7 days.
Cross-li nked thermose tting resins
Epoxy powder Good adhesion, chemical
coatings and moisture resistance.
Allows cathodic protection
in shielded areas on
pipelines
Coal lar Excellent resistance to
epoxies saltwater and fresbwater
1O
immersion.Very good acid
and alkali resistance.
Solvent resistance is good.
although immersion in
strong solvents may leach
rhe coal tar.
Epoxy Excellent hot water
phenolics resistance and acid
resistance. More flexi.ble
tllan phenolic.Better alkali
resistance than phenol ics
Col.or change is difficult due
to extensive cleanup of old
powder. Like all epoxy resins;
chalks ott ultraviolet
exposure. Must be app1ied in
shop.. Hard to field repair
Embrittles on exposure to
cold or ultraviolet ligbt.. Cold
weatl1er abrasion resistance is
poor. Sbould be topcoated
withi n 48 h to avoid i ntercoat
adhesion prob1ems. Will not
cure beJow lO C (5O F).
Black or dark colors only.
Temperature resistance: 105
C (225 F) dry; 65 C (l50
'F)
Not \\ret
as alkali resistant as other
epoxy resins .. Applies in thin
films; somewbat brittle
Applied by el.ectrostatic
spray/fluidized bed.
Increasing use because of
VOC ased as p ipeline.
original equipment
manufacturer coatin_s
Good water resistance.
Thicknesses to 0.25 mm (
mi Is) per coat.Can be
applied to bare steel or
concrete \Vitbout a primer.
Low cost per unit coverage
Linings for food and
beverage processing and
storage tanks
Cross-linked thermosetting resins
Phenolics Greatest solvent
resistance of all organi.c
described.. Excellent
resistance to alipbati.c
and aromatic
bydrocarbons,
alcobols, esters, ethers.
ketones, and cblorinated
solveDts.. \Vet temperature
resistance to 95 C (200 F).
Odorless,tasteless,and
nontoxic; suitable for food
use
Po1yureas Extremely fast curing.
higltly elastic thick fiJm
coatings with good strength.
Abrasion resistance,
chemica l resistance
Must be baked at a u1etal
temperature ranging from 175
to 230 C (350 to 450 F).
Coating must be applied in
a thin film (approximately
0.025 mm.or 1 mil) and
partially baked between coats.
Mult ipl.e tbin coats are
necessary to allmi,,r water from
the condensation re..action to
be removed.Cured c-oating is
difficult to patcb due to
extreme solvent resi.stance.
Poor resistance to alkalies and
strong oxidants
Requires specialized spray
equipment due to fast curing
A brown color results on
haking, which can be used
indicate the degree of cross
linking. Widely used as tank
lining for alcohol storage
and
fennentation and other food
products.. Used for hot water
i mmersion service. Can be
modifled with epoxi.es and
other resi ns to enhance
water, chemical, and heat
resistance
Concrete coatings for use in
secondary containment of
chemical tanks . Elastomeric
roof coatings