Ingles de Negocios

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Ingls para los negocios

Autor: Raquel R. P.
[http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2]
Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 1

Presentacin del curso
Curso gratuito de ingls en los negocios. Creado por Raquel Rosa Pidevall, es un
curso de nivel intermedio/alto con contenidos bsicos para el uso diario del ingls
en el universo empresarial y comercial. Este mtodo ofrece un amplio vocabulario y
expresiones primordiales y necesarias para poder desenvolverse sin problemas en
mbitos profesionales.
Este curso pretende ser dinmico, atractivo y motivador Sguelo hasta al final y
scale el mejor partido!
Visita ms cursos como este en mailxmail:

[http://www.mailxmail.com/cursos-idiomas]
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Tu opinin cuenta! Lee todas las opiniones de este curso y djanos la tuya:
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1. At work
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/at-work]
Jobs & job description
- Asking about someones job or occupation:
What do you do?
Do you work in ... (an office, in a factory)?
What do you do for a living?
List of possible jobs and job titles:


2. Pay and benefits

[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/pay-and-benefits]
Some common collocations dealing with pay and benefits:
1. When people lose their jobs, they often get a redundancy package.
2. Some companies offer stock options in addition to or instead of cash bonuses.
3. The lowest legal amount of money that can be paid to workers called the minimum wage
minimum wage.
4. Managers often receive performance-related benefits when their employees
reach specific goals.
5. Some companies have a subsidized canteen for their employees so that they can
buy lunch at reasonable price.
6. A company car and health insurance can be part of the fringe benefits of a job.
7. Most companies pay into a pension scheme so their employees can have an
income when they retire.
8. Some job advertisements give the annual salary, and some give the hourly or
monthly one.
9. Part of the health insurance package includes dental plan so that people can take
care of their teeth.
10. Women who have a baby can get time off, called maternity leave.
11. Companies offer childcare facilities for people with small children.
12. An extra benefit is often offered as a form of life insurance, which helps a
spouse or family in the case of death of the wage earner.
13. People working in retail businesses get employee discounts as part of their
benefit packages.
14. A common perk for senior management is a company car.
15. People in companies who often have to entertain clients usually have an expense account
expense account.
16. When employees fall ill, they can receive sick pay until they can return to work.
17. When employees work flexible hours, they have a certain amount of freedom to
decide when they want to start and finish work.
18. Companies have found that job sharing is a way to deal with part-time workers.
19. When people work overtime, they get extra money or days off.
*Test your knowledge: Write the English words for these Spanish ones.
Baja por enfermedad:
Baja por maternidad:
Cobertura odontolgica:
Coche de empresa:
Comedor (subvencionado):
Cuenta de gastos:
Descuento para empleados:
Emision de acciones:
Empleo compartido:
Horario flexible:
Indemnizacin por despido:
Plan de pensiones:
Retribucin en especie:
Retribucin variable:

Salario anual:
Servicio de guardera:
Seguro de vida:
Salario mnimo:

3. Contracts
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/contracts]
Basic vocabulary needed when dealing with contracts:
agreement: an arrangement between two or more people, countries etc; contract.
appendix: additional or supplementary material at end of contract, book etc.
arbitration: settlement of a dispute by a person chosen by both parties - t o
arbitrate v.
article: a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; clause.
clause: a particular statement or stipulation in a contract etc; article.
condition: anything necessary before the performance of something else.
force majeure: superior, power; unforeseeable event excusing one party from
fulfilling contract.
fulfil: to satisfy a condition; to complete the required task; to fulfillUS.
herein: in here; in this (document etc).
hereinafter: to this (document etc) [eg: attached hereto].
hereto: in the following part (of this document etc).
heretofore: up until now; until the present; before this.
in behalf of: in the interests of (person etc); for (person etc); on behalf ofUK .
null and void: invalid; without legal force; not binding.
on the one hand: on one side - on the other hand on the other side.
party: the person or persons forming one side of an agreement.
stipulate: to specify as an essential condition - stipulation.
terms: conditions or stipulations.
warrant: to give formal assurance; to guarantee.
whereas: it being the case that; in view of the fact that [in introduction to contracts].
* Answer-key for the exercise on unit/point "1.2 PAY & BENEFIT" :
Baja por enfermedad: sick pay
Baja por maternidad: maternity leave
Cobertura odontolgica: dental plan
Coche de empresa: company car
Cantina: subsidized canteen
Cuenta de gastos: expense account
Descuento para empleados: employee discounts
Emision de acciones: stock options
Empleo compartido: job sharing
Horario flexible: flexible hours
Indemnizacin por despido: redundancy package
Plan de pensiones: pension scheme
Retribucin en especie: fringe benefits
Retribucin variable: performance-related benefits
Salario anual: annual salary
Servicio de guardera: childcare facilities
Seguro de vida: life insurance
Salario mnimo: minimum wage

4. Organizations
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/organizations]
Key
1-i 2-r 3-f 4-p 5-a 6-k 7-t 8-d 9-b 10-e
11-q 12-g 13-j 14-c 15-h 16-s 17-n 18-l
19-m 20-o

5. Types of organizations
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/types-of-organizations]
Here you will find the general terms for the different types of organizations in
English speaking countries. As different countries have different laws regarding
companies and firms, it is not always possible to translate the word

6. Company structure
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/company-structure]
Some basic vocabulary about how companies are structured:
accounts Dept. : department responsible for administering a companys financial
affair.
A.G.M.UK : Annual General Meeting of a companys shareholders.
board of directors : a group of people chosen to establish policy for and direct or
control a company.
chairmanUK : person who heads a Board of Directors; head of a company;
chairperson.
director : a member of the board of directors.
executive officerUS : person who manages the affairs of a corporation - chief
executive officer n.
headquarters : a companys principal or main office or centre of control.
manager : person responsible for day-to-day running of a dept.; executive officerUS.
managing directorUK : senior director after the chairman responsible for
day-to-day direction.
Marketing Dept. : dept. responsible for putting goods on market, inc. packaging,
advertising etc.
organisation chart : a table or plan showing a companys structure graphically.
Personnel Dept. : department responsible for recruitment and welfare of staff or
employees.
presidentUS : the highest executive officer of a company; head of a company.
production Dept. : department responsible for physical creation of product.
purchasing Dept. : department responsible for finding and buying everything
needed by a company.
reception : the place where visitors and clients report on arrival at a company.
R & D Department : department responsible for Research and Development of (new)
products.
Sales Department : department responsible for finding customers and making
sales.
shareholder : person who holds or owns shares in or a part of a company or
corporation.
vice presidentUS : any of several executive officers, each responsible for a separate
division

7. Telephoning
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/telephoning]
Different situations you might have to face on the phone their possible answers:
1. Calling a business partner and introduce yourself.
- "Hello, my name is Joan McKean and I am calling from Perrys in Dublin."
2. -"May I ask who is calling?"
- "Yes, this is Bill Beard."
3. Let the caller know that the person they want has answered the phone.
- "Speaking."
4. Could you spell your name, please?
- "J - E- A - N S -M-I-d o u b le T -Y."
5. Call a hotel you left this morning to ask if you left your diary behind in the room.
- "Im calling to ask if you found my diary in room 324. I was there last night."
6. - " Would you like to leave a message?"
-"Yes, please. Tell her that Carolyn Dunne called."
7. Call a travel agent to reserve a flight to New York next Tuesday.
-"I would like to book a flight to New York next Tuesday, please."
8. -"Shes out at the moment. Can she reach you this afternoon?"
- "Yes, Ill be in my office. / No, Ill be out all the afternoon."
9. Call your office and ask if anyone phoned while you were out.
-"Its Bob here. Has anyone called since I left the office?"
10. -"Im afraid hes got the day off. Can someone else help you?"
- "No, I need to speak to him. / Yes, can you connect me to his boss."
11. -"Im afraid that shes tied up at the moment."
12. Phone Directory Enquiries and ask for the number of the Central Bank in Milan.
- "I would like the number for the Central Bank in Milan, please."
13. Explain to a caller that your boss cant speak at the moment.
- "Im afraid shes quite busy at the moment."
14. -"Could you tell me your phone number?"
- "Y e s , i t s 3 0 3 - 4 1 4 - 6 9 0 3
(three-oh-three-four-one-four-six-nine-oh-three)."
15. -"Thanks for calling / your help."
16. Ask to speak to the Sales Department about your order.
- "I would like to speak to a sales representative about our order."
17. Call your bank and explain that you havent received your new credit card yet.
- "My credit card hasnt arrived. Has it been sent to me?"
18. Call a restaurant to make a reservation for a business lunch.

- "I would like to book a table for twelve tomorrow for three people. The name
is Jones."
19. The person you want is busy. Leave a message on their voicemail.
- "Hi Mike, its Cindy here. Can you call me back later, please?
20. Offer to take a message for a colleague.
- "He / she is busy at the moment. May I take a message for him / her?"
21. Call an airline to ask when a flight is supposed to arrive.
- "Can you tell me when the flight from Liverpool is due in?"
22. -"Ill talk him to call you back. How long will you be at your desk?"
- "Ill be here for several hours."
23. -"Sales Department, Carol Jones speaking. Can I help you?"
24. Explain that your colleague has the day off. Offer to help.
- "My colleague is off today. Can I help you?"
25. Arrange to meet a visitor at the airport.
- "Ill be at the airport at six p.m. to meet you."
26. Phone a supplier about a late delivery.
- "Our delivery hasnt arrived yet. Can you check on it?"
27. -"Hes in a meeting. Can you call later?"
- "Yes, when would be a good time?"
28. Ask what something is about.
- "May I ask what it is about?"
29. You would like to invite a business partner for dinner next week.
- "Have you got time for dinner next week?
30. Find out what a business partner would like to do in the evening.
- "What would you like to do this evening?"
31. Phone home to say that you have to work late.
- "Im afraid Im going to be late this evening."
32. Offer to put a call through to your Boss, George Vida?
- "I can connect you to George / Mr. Vida if you like."
33. Ask a caller to phone later that day.
- "Could you phone again his afternoon, after 4 p.m.?"
34. -"The line is busy. Would you like to hold?"
- "Yes, Ill hold. / No, Ill call back later."
35. Ask a caller to repeat his / her name.
- "Could you repeat that, please?"
36. -"Her line is engaged / busy. Can you hold for few minutes?

8. Emailing
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/emailing]
ALPHABET AND SYMBOLS/PUNCTUATION & ABBREVIATIONS
Alphabet:
English Phonetic Spelling (Sometimes wrongly called the International Phonetic
Alphabet)
When speaking on the telephone, it is sometimes useful to spell a word using
English Phonetic Spelling. To spell "Club", for example, you would say: "C for
Charlie, L for Lima, U for Uniform, B for Bravo."
- It is very easy to learn English Phonetic Spelling. Start by spelling your name, then
your company or address. Soon, you will know the whole alphabet.
Abbreviations:
The rule for punctuation of abbreviations is:
- if last letter of word and abbreviation are the same: no full stop (for example Ltd)
- if last letter of word and abbreviation are NOT the same: full stop (for example Co.)
Some basic abbreviations:
A.G.M.
Annual General Meeting (of company shareholders)
A.O.B.
any other business (at the end of a meeting agenda)
a/c
account, as for bank account [eg: a/c no. 123456789]
asap
as soon as possible
BTW
By the way
c.i.f.
cost, insurance, freight

c/o
care of [on an envelope eg: Mrs G Smith, c/o Mrs B Brown]
cc:
copies to [at the end of a letter eg: cc: TE, JMR, JSA]
Co.
Company
e.g.
for example [from the Latin exempli gratia]
E.G.M.
Extraordinary General Meeting (of company shareholders)
f.o.b.
free on board
f.o.c.
free of charge
FYI
For your information
HQ
headquarters (of a company or other organisation)
Inc.US
Incorporated [after the name of a firm organised as a legal corporation]
LtdUK
Limited [after the name of a firm organised as a legal company]
O.H.P.
overhead projector
P.A.
personal assistant
p.t.o
please turn over [at the end of a page]
PLCUK
Public Limited Company [for a firm whose shares are sold on the open market]
v.a.t.
value added tax
WP
word processing (or creation of text by computer)
Punctuation:
How punctuation symbols are read in English; this is essential for spelling web sites
or
e-mail addresses.


9. Formal and informal phrases for correspondance

[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/formal-and-informal-phrases-for-correspondance ]
Letterhead : a sheet of letter paper printed with a person or firms (name and) address.
Address : the place to which a letter is to be sent.
Date : Day number in ordinal numbers (first - st-, second -nd-, third -rd-, fourth -th-, and
so on). + month (always in capital letters) + year (for example: 1st January 2008).
Salutation : opening or first line of a letter, usually commencing with 'Dear...
Dear : first word of most SALUTATIONS, formal or not [eg: Dear Sir, Dear Mr Won, Dear Jo].
Mr Ms Mrs Miss : abbr. of title for man, woman (married or not), married woman, unmarried
woman.
Dear Madam : formal SALUTATION to an unnamed woman.
Dear Sir : formal SALUTATION to an unnamed man.
Dear SirsUK : SALUTATION when writing to a firm and not to any particular individual in the
firm.
GentlemenUS : SALUTATION when writing to a firm and not to any particular individual in
the firm.
enc. : abbr. enclosure; enclosed [indicating something that is included with a letter].
Yours faithfullyUK : polite close to a letter not naming the recipient as in Dear Sir; Yours
trulyUS.
Yours sincerelyUK : polite close to a letter naming the recipient as in Dear Mr Smith; Yours
trulyUS.
Yours trulyUS : polite close to a letter; Sincerely yoursUS.
Best regards : friendly close to a letter - Kind regards, Best wishes.
p.s. : abbr. postscript [used to indicate a note added at the very end of a letter].
per pro : abbr. through the agency of; p.p. [eg: A per pro B (where B is signing for A)].
to Sign : to write ones name at the end of a document - signature n.

10. Buying and selling

[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/buying-and-selling ]
Some basic vocabulary related to sales:
client : a person who buys services from a lawyer, architect or other professionals.
buyer : 1 any person who buys anything 2 a person employed by a firm to buy.
after-sales service : service that continues after a product has been sold [eg:
repairs etc].
guarantee : a promise that a product will be repaired or replaced etc if faulty - also
v.
close : to finalise a deal or sale; to make a sale.
cold call : to telephone a prospect without previous contact - also n.
customer : a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business.
deal : a business transaction - also v. dealer n.
discount : a reduction in the price; a deduction [usually expressed as a percentage
(%)].
follow up : to continue to follow persistently; to maintain contact [eg: after a lead].
product : something made and usually for sale - to produce v. see service.
in bulk : in large quantity, usually at a lower price.
lead : useful indication of a possible customer to be followed up.
objection : a reason given by a prospect for not buying - to object v. see overcome.
overcome : [-came, -come] to overcome an objection, to show an objection is
invalid.
wholesale : to sell in bulk (as to a shop for resale to the public) - also n. see retail.
prospect : a possible or probable customer; prospective customer.
representative : sales representative person who represents & sells for a firm;
salesperson.
retail : to sell in small quantities (as in a shop to the public) - also n. see wholesale.
service : work done usually in return for payment - to serve v. see product.

11. Marketing
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/marketing]
MARKETING TERMS
To start with, you should know what we refer to when we talk about marketing mix.
It is the combination of activities required to ensure good sale.
PRODUCT-PRICE-PLACE (distribution)-PROMOTION, this is what we understand
as the standard marketing mix, also known as the Marketing Four Ps.
According to PRODUCT, some points we should bear in mind when trying to
"marketing" a product:
- product range enhancement, adding more products to the group of existing ones
- brand recognition, a customers awareness that a brand exists and can be
purchased
- quality control
- research and development
- inventory, a detailed list of all items in stock
- image
- guarantees
- consumer durables, consumer goods that are not bought regularly and that last a
long
time, such as cars
- generics, goods which are sold without a brand name
-life circle, the amount of time a product is expected to function properly
- accessories, additional features or items, which can be sold to enhance a product
- repairs and support
- shelf life, the length of time a product, especially food, can be kept in a shop
before it is
too old to sell
According to PRICE:
-high-end pricing
-profit margin
-quantity discount
- credit accounts, an arrangement with a company for deferred payment when
buying goods (bills
are often sent once a month and not when the goods are purchased)
- payment on delivery
-production costs
-mid-range pricing, average price for a product, not at the high or low end of the
scale
-price war
-import tariffs, duties (taxes) imposed on imported products by a government
- V A T, value-added tax, also called sales tax, added on the net price of a product
-cash discount
-suggested retail price
According to PLACE:
-point of sale, a business or place where a product or service can be purchased

-point of sale, a business or place where a product or service can be purchased
-factory outlets, shop where a manufacturer sells their product directly to the
consumer without a
middleman
-retail shop (shop)
-warehousing, storage in a warehouse or similar place for storing goods
-channels of distribution
-transportation
-internet sales
-chain stores
-shopping mall kiosks
-mail order companies
-market coverage, percentage of a market which the sales cover (also called
market share or
market penetration)
-just-in-time delivery, having goods delivered just before they are needed, to
avoid storage costs
-order processing, the process of dealing with orders, including entering the
details into the
computer system, and printing invoices and delivery notes
According to PROMOTION:
-TV commercials
-free samples
-two-for-one sales
-newspaper adverts
-catalogues
-shop displays
-mailshots (the posting of advertising materials to a large number of people at one
time), leaflets
and fliers
-product endorsement
-promotional campaigns
-packaging
-giveaways, free samples given to customers free of charge as a marketing strategy
-unique selling point USP (UK) / proposition USP (US), what makes a product
different from
other similar products
-sponsorship, person or company, which pays for advertising for a specific product
or event

12. Language of persuation & describing a product

[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/language-of-persuation-describing-product]
Advertisements in English usually contain phrases dealing with physical, emotional and
intellectual language. This vocabulary is what slogans and product description are made of.
Examples of slogan and product description language:
PHYSICAL:
-Feel the difference!
-Get the taste of it!
-Just jump in and try it!
-Forget about theory - out yourself in our hands for a practical approach.
-Our goal is to get you where you want to go.
-Sit back and relax, knowing that you have put your money to work for you.
-Help us bridge the gap between products and services.
-Join the ranks of hands-on users.
-Get in touch with us if you have any questions about our products or services.
EMOTIONAL:
-Your satisfaction is our goal.
-Enjoy the feeling of having a dream come true.
-Would you like to experience the feeling of success?
-Come to the company, which puts your well-being first.
-Experience customer service from the caring company.
-Our mission id to ensure a future for your grandchildren through our commitment to the
environment.
-Hope is the best resource we can imagine.
-Are you looking for a product that fits your lifestyle and expresses who you really are?
-Enjoy the comfort of being one of our valued customers.
INTELLECTUAL:
-Thinking people buy our products.
-Enjoy the knowledge that you have made a wise choice.
-Make use of our state-of-the-art technology.
-Innovation and perfection are the goals we strive for.
-The informed consumer is our target group.
-Our expertise in the field is unchallenged.
-We are looking for customers who can think for themselves and make wise decisions.
-Our products combine intelligent solutions and reliability.
-Heightened awareness of our products has led to worldwide recognition and praise.
Some important vocabulary:
- ad/advert/advertisement: a notice that gives information about a product and whose
purpose is to make the product known and persuade the consumer to buy it. (As a
abbreviations, ad is more common in the US, advert is more common in the UK).
-to bridge the gap: to connect two items or things.
-commercial: an advertisement for television or radio.
-copywriter: a person responsible for writing the text of advertisements.
-to join the ranks: become part of a group of people.
-slogan: a phrase or words which are easy to remember, used in publicity for a product,
service or company.
- w e l l - b e i n g: the state of feeling healthy.

13. Finance
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/finance]
BALANCE SHEETS: TERMS & NUMBERS
Basic terms used when dealing with balance sheets:

Some basic vocabulary related to numbers:

add : to put one number together with another [eg: 2 plus 2] - addition n.
billion : 1,000,000,000; one thousand million; 109
divide : 2 2 [is expressed as] two divided by two - division n.
equal : to be the same as [eg: 2 + 2 equals 4]
figure : the symbol for a number or an amount expressed in numbers.
giga : one billion
hundred : 100; 102
kilo : one thousand - k, K abbr.
mega : one million - M abbr.
million : 1,000,000; one thousand.
minus : 2 - 2 [is expressed as] two minus two
multiply : 2 x 2 [is expressed as] two multiplied by two - multiplication n.
plus : 2 + 2 [is expressed as] two plus two
square : to multiply a number by the same number [eg: 3 squared = 9]
square root : number that multiplied by itself gives a certain number [3 is the
square root of 9]
subtract : to deduct one number from another [eg: 2 minus 2] - subtraction n.
thousand : 1,000; 103
times : 2 x 2 [is expressed as] two times two - see multiply
to the power of : multiplication of a number by itself [eg: 2 to the power of 3 = 8]
trillion : 1,000,000,000,000; a million million; 1012
z e r o - 0; oh; nought

14. Money
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/money]
Some basic important vocabulary related to money:
A.T.M. : abbr. Automated Teller Machine; cash dispenserUK.
(bank)note : a piece of paper money; billUS.
billUS : a banknote; a piece of paper money.
black market : illegal traffic in officially controlled commodities such as foreign
currency.
bureau de change : establishment where currencies of different countries may be
exchanged.
cash : 1 coins or bank notes (not cheques); 2 actual money paid as opposed to
credit.
cash dispenserUK : automatic machine from which clients of a bank may withdraw
money; ATM.
cashier : person dealing with cash transactions in a bank, store etc.
coin : a piece of metal money.
currency : the money in general use or circulation in any country.
debt : money etc owed by one person to another.
exchange rate : the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another.
foreign exchange : the currency of other countries.
hard currency : currency that will probably not fall in value and is readily accepted.
invest : to put money for profit into business, land etc - investment n.
legal tender : currency that cannot legally be refused in payment of a debt.
petty cashUK : a cash fund for small, everyday expenses.
soft currency : currency that will probably fall in value and is not readily accepted.
speculate : (risky) buying of foreign currency, land etc for rapid gain - speculation
n.
transaction : an (usually commercial) exchange; a deal - to transact v.

15. Marketing and finance

[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/marketing-and-finance]
Very often, market is clearly linked to finance. Here you have some basic vocabulary
related to marketing and finance:
AIDA (M): this means attention, interest, desire and action. This is a strategy used to
sell products.
LOSS LEADER (M): this refers to selling a product at a loss to get a customer into
the shop.
The shop owner then hopes that they will buy other products they hadnt planned
to buy.
GROSS MARGIN (F): this is the difference between the cost of manufacturing a
product and
how much it is sold for.
BREAK-EVEN POINT (F): this occurs when sales are equal to costs.
EXPENDITURE (F): This is specific amount of money spent.
MARKET LEADER (M): this refers to a company or product with the largest market
share.
NET PROFIT (F): this refers to money that is left over all expenses have been
deducted.
NICHE MARKET (M): this is a small specially market with little competition in it.
BUDGET (F): this is a plan for spending and income.
FOCUS GROUP (M): this is the group of people who come together informally to
discuss their
reactions to a product.
VARIABLE COSTS (F): this refers to the money needed to produce a product, which
increases
according to the number of products produced.
PRODUCT LAUNCH (M): this refers to putting a new product on the market.
TURNOVER (F): this is the total amount of sales of goods or services of a company.
BRAND AWARENESS (M): this term indicates how well known a particular brand is.
BANKRUPTCY (F): this occurs when a company is no longer able to pay its debts.
COLLATERAL (F): this is the type of security required in order to get a loan.
CASH COW (M): this is a product that needs little advertising and always sells well.
This can
be due to the demand for the type of product or the brand awareness.
*Test your knowledge: Write the English words for these Spanish ones.
- artculo cebo/ de gancho:
- atencin-inters-deseo-accin (AIDA):
-beneficio bruto:
-beneficio neto:
-costo variable:
-cuando el ingreso es el mismo que los
gastos:
-de gran rendimiento/muy productivo:
-facturacin:
-gasto/desembolso:
-garanta/aval:

-lanzamiento de producto:
-lder en el mercado:
-nicho de mercado:
-presupuesto:
-quiebra/bancarrota:
-reconocimiento de marca:
-reunin de consumidores/grupo de
discusin:
*You will find the key answers on the next chapter.

16. Meetings
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/meetings]
LANGUAGE OF MEETINGS
Some basic language for meetings:
A.G.M. : abbr. Annual General Meeting.
A.O.B. : abbr. Any Other Business [usually the last item on an agenda].
Absent : not here; not at the meeting; not present.
agenda : a written programme or schedule for a meeting.
apologies : item on agenda announcing people who are absent; apologies for
absence.
ballot : a type of vote, usually in writing and usually secret- secret ballot n.
casting vote : a deciding vote (usually by the chairman) when the votes are
otherwise equal.
chairman : the person who leads or presides at a meeting; chairperson; chair.
conference : formal meeting for discussion, esp. a regular one held by an
organisation.
conference call : telephone call between three or more people in different locations.
consensus : general agreement.
decision : a conclusion or resolution to do something - to decide v.
item : a separate point for discussion [as listed on an agenda].
matters arising : item on agenda for discussion of what has happened as a result
of last meeting.
minutes : a written record of everything said at a meeting.
proxy vote : a vote cast by one person for or in place of another.
show of hands : raised hands to express an opinion in a vote.
unanimous : in complete agreement; united in opinion.
videoconference : conference of people in different locations linked by satellite, TV
etc.
vote : to express opinion in a group by voice or hand etc - also n. - to cast a vote v.
Expressions for Agreeing and Disagreeing
Stating an opinion
-In my opinion...
-The way I see it...
-If you want my honest opinion....
-According to Lisa...
-As far as I'm concerned...
-If you ask me...
Asking for an opinion
-What's your idea?
-What are your thoughts on all of this?
-How do you feel about that?
-Do you have anything to say about this?
-What do you think?
-Do you agree?
-Wouldn't you say?

Expressing agreement
-I agree with you 100 percent.
-I couldn't agree with you more.
-That's so true.
-That's for sure.
-(slang) Tell me about it!
-You're absolutely right.
-Absolutely.
-That's exactly how I feel.
-Exactly.
-I'm afraid I agree with James.
-I have to side with Dad on this one.
-No doubt about it.
-(agree with negative statement) Me neither.
-(weak) I suppose so. /I guess so.
-You have a point there.
-I was just going to say that.
Expressing disagreement
-I don't think so.
-(strong) No way.
-I'm afraid I disagree.
-(strong) I totally disagree.
-I beg to differ.
-(strong) I'd say the exact opposite.
-Not necessarily.
-That's not always true.
-That's not always the case.
-No, I'm not so sure about that.
Interruptions
-Can I add something here?
-Is it okay if I jump in for a second?
-If I might add something...
-Can I throw my two cents in?
-Sorry to interrupt, but...
-(after accidentally interrupting someone) Sorry, go ahead. OR Sorry, you were
saying...
-(after being interrupted) You didn't let me finish.
Settling an argument
-Let's just move on, shall we?
-Let's drop it.
-I think we're going to have to agree to disagree.
-(sarcastic) Whatever you say. / If you say so.
* Answer-key for exercise unit/point "8. MARKETING & FINANCE" :

- artculo cebo/ de gancho: loss leader
-atencin-inters-deseo-accin(AIDA):
AIDA, attention-interest-desire-action
-beneficio bruto: gros margin
-beneficio neto: net profit

-costo variable: variable costs
-cuando el ingreso es el mismo que los
gastos: break-even point
-de gran rendimiento/muy productivo:
cash cow
-facturacin: turnover
-gasto/desembolso: expenditure
-garanta/aval: collateral
-lanzamiento de producto: product launch
-lder en el mercado: market leader
-nicho de mercado: niche market
-presupuesto: budget
-quiebra/bancarrota: bankruptcy
-reconocimiento de marca: brand awareness
-reunin de consumidores/grupo de discusin: focus group

17. Socializing/ small talk

[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/socializing-small-talk]
In most English-speaking countries, it is normal and necessary to make "small talk"
in certain situations. Small talk is a casual form of conversation that "breaks the ice"
or fills an awkward silence between people. Even though you may feel shy using
your second language, it is sometimes considered rude to say nothing. Just as there
are certain times when small talk is appropriate, there are also certain topics that
people often discuss during these moments.
Who is Small Talk for?
-People with many different relationships use small talk. The most common type of
people to use small talk are those who do not know each other at all.
- It is also common for people who are only acquaintances, often called a "friend of
a friend", to use small talk.
-Customer service representatives, waitresses, hairdressers and receptionists often
make small talk with customers.
-Sometimes at your everyday life when the plumber comes round to fix a leak.
What do people talk about in Small Talk?
There are certain "safe" topics that people usually make small talk about.
Avoid discussing controversial issues, such as a recent law concerning equal rights.
Discussing personal information such as salaries or a recent divorce is not done
between people who do not know each other well. Compliments on clothing or hair
are acceptable; however, you should never say something (good or bad) about a
person's body. Negative comments about another person not involved in the
conversation are also not acceptable: when you do not know a person well you
cannot be sure who their friends are. You do not talk about private issues either,
because you do not know if you can trust the other person with your secrets or
personal information. Also, it is not safe to discuss subjects that society deems
controversial such as religion or politics. Lastly, it is not wise to continue talking
about an issue that the other person does not seem comfortable with or interested
in.
Where do people make small talk?
People make small talk just about anywhere
Why do people make Small Talk?
-To break an uncomfortable silence.
-To fill time
Some conversation starters you might find useful when:
-Talking about the weather
Beautiful day, isn't it?
Can you believe all of this rain we've been having?
It looks like it's going to snow.
It sure would be nice to be in Hawaii right about now.
I hear they're calling for thunderstorms all weekend.
We couldn't ask for a nicer day, could we?

How about this weather?
Did you order this sunshine?
-Talking about current events
Did you catch the news today?
Did you hear about that fire on Fourth St?
What do you think about this transit strike?
I read in the paper today that the Sears Mall is closing.
I heard on the radio today that they are finally going to start building the new bridge.
How about those Reds? Do you think they're going to win tonight?
-At the office
Looking forward to the weekend?
Have you worked here long?
I can't believe how busy/quiet we are today, can you?
Has it been a long week?
You look like you could use a cup of coffee.
What do you think of the new computers?
-At a social event
So, how do you know Justin?
Have you tried the cabbage rolls that Sandy made?
Are you enjoying yourself?
It looks like you could use another drink.
Pretty nice place, huh?
I love your dress. Can I ask where you got it?
-Out for a walk
How old's your baby?
What's your puppy's name?
The tulips are sure beautiful at this time of year, aren't they?
How do you like the new park?
Nice day to be outside, isn't it?
-Waiting somewhere
I didn't think it would be so busy today.
You look like you've got your hands full (with children or goods).
The bus must be running late today.
It looks like we are going to be here a while, huh?
I'll have to remember not to come here on Mondays.
How long have you been waiting?

18. Negotiations
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/negotiations]
The Negotiation Process
It's time to negotiate! Here are a few golden rules to successful negotiations:
1) Always try to negotiate for at least 15 minutes. Any less than that and it is unlikely
that either party has had enough time to fairly consider the other side. Generally, the size or
seriousness of the negotiation determines the amount of time needed to negotiate it. Setting
a time limit is a good idea. Approximately 90% of negotiations get settled in the last 10% of
the discussion.
2) Always offer to let the other party speak first. This is especially important if you are
the one making a request for something such as a raise. The other party may have
overestimated what you are going to ask for and may actually offer more than what you were
going to request.
3) Always respect and listen to what your opponent has to say. This is important even if
he or she does not extend the same courtesy to you. Do your best to remain calm and
pleasant even if the other party is displaying frustration or anger. Remember some people
will do anything to intimidate you.
4) Acknowledge what the other party says. Everyone likes to know that what they say is
important. If the other party opens first, use it to your advantage, by paraphrasing what you
have heard. Repeat their important ideas before you introduce your own stronger ones.
5) Pay attention to your own and your counterpartner's body language. Review the chart
below to learn how to interpret body language during the negotiations. Make sure that you
aren't conveying any negative body language.
Short introduction to body language interpreting:
- Points to bear in mind with last-minute "strong-arm" tactics:

Even if you make the decision to treat your negotiating opponent with honesty and kindness,
the other party may not extend you the same respect. Be prepared to stand your ground
firmly, yet cordially, especially in the last few minutes of the negotiations. This is the time
when manipulative parties may employ certain tactics in order to try to fool you into losing
focus or lowering goals and standards. Remember that conflicts are generally resolved in the

focus or lowering goals and standards. Remember that conflicts are generally resolved in the
last few minutes.
The theory behind last minute tactics is:
-that one party may be more willing to give in out of fear that all of the concessions or
progress made up to that point (perhaps hours or weeks of talks) might be lost.
-people also get tired or have other commitments that need to be met, such as making an
important phone call before another business closes, or picking up children from school.
- Here are some last minutes tricks that negotiators often use at this time:
Walking out of the room
Offering a short-term bribe
Telling you to take it or leave it
Giving an ultimatum
Abrupt change in tone (used to shock the other party into submission)
Introducing new requests (used at to get you to concede with little thought or consideration)
Stating generalizations without evidence (dropped without significant statistics/proof)
Adopting the Mr. Nice Guy persona (used to try to make it look like they are doing you a
favour in hopes that you will lower your expectations)
-Points to bear in mind when formalizing the agreement/negotiation:
In most business negotiations it is a good idea to get something down in written:
-even if a decision has not been made, a letter of intent to continue the negotiations is
often used. This is a way for each party to guarantee that talks will continue. A letter of
intent often outlines the major issues that will be discussed in future negotiations.
-in some cases a confidentiality agreement is also necessary. This is a promise from both
parties
to keep information private between discussions.
-when an agreement has been decided, a formal contract may be required. On the other
hand, depending on the seriousness of the decision, and the level of trust between the two
parties, a simple handshake and verbal agreement may be all that is needed.
Taking all this points into consideration your negotiation will be a success.

19. Presentations
[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/presentations]
Presentations are usually divided into 3 different parts + a questions round:
- Introduction: tell your audience what your message is going to be.
-welcome your audience
-introduce your subject
-outline the structure of your presentation
-give instructions about questions
-Body: tell your audience your real message.
-do not hurry
-be enthusiastic
-give time on visuals
-maintain eye contact
-modulate your voice
-look friendly
-keep to your structure
-use your notes
-signpost throughout
-remain polite when dealing with difficult questions
-Conclusion: summarize what your message was.
-Sum up
-(Give recommendations if appropriate)
-Thank your audience
-Invite questions
As a general rule in communication, repetition is valuable. In presentations, there is
a golden rule about repetition:
"-Say what you are going to say,
-say it,
-then say what you have just said."
This table shows examples of language which may be used in presentation when:


20. British and american english

[ http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/british-and-american-english]
There are differences in language by native English speakers n different parts of the
world.
It is often necessary to understand the different phrases used by British and
American native speakers in particular.
Here are some basic ones very relevant for business English:

Bibliography and recommended material:

Books:
-In Business photocopiable material by Cambridge.
-Business Grammar Builder by Macmillan.
-Business Class by Longman.
-The In Company series by Macmillan.
Visita ms cursos como este en mailxmail:

[http://www.mailxmail.com/cursos-idiomas]
[http://www.mailxmail.com/cursos-ingles]
Tu opinin cuenta! Lee todas las opiniones de este curso y djanos la tuya:
[http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-negocios-2/opiniones]
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mailxmail - Cursos para compartir lo que sabes

Ingls para los negocios

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 1

Presentacin del curso

Visita ms cursos como este en mailxmail:

Cmo ayudar a mis hijos en ingls si no s nada

Ingls fcil Nivel 5

English class introduction

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Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 3

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2. Pay and benefits

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Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 15

9. Formal and informal phrases for correspondance

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 16

10. Buying and selling

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12. Language of persuation & describing a product

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Some basic vocabulary related to numbers:

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15. Marketing and finance

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 24

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* Answer-key for exercise unit/point "8. MARKETING & FINANCE" :

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 27

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17. Socializing/ small talk

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 29

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- Points to bear in mind with last-minute "strong-arm" tactics:

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 31

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 32

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 33

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 34

20. British and american english

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 35

Bibliography and recommended material:

Visita ms cursos como este en mailxmail:

El ingls de la calle: slang

El curso ms completo de ingls

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 36

Ingls fcil Nivel 5

English class introduction

Descubre miles de cursos como ste en www.mailxmail.com 37

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