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There are different kinds of pronouns, but first we should know the
difference between some concepts
Hay diferentes tipos de pronombres, pero primero debemos saber la diferencia entre algunos
conceptos.
Personal Pronouns
Lesson 1 Pronombres Personales
Leccin 1
First Third
Person Primera Tercera
Second Femal
Persona
Segunda Male Neutral
Pronoun Type Masculin e Animal o
Tipo de Pronombre o Femenin cosa
o
____ are my best friend Mateo! (a Mateo) ____ are cheerleaders from College. (the
t eres mi mejor amigo Mateo! girls)
son porristas de la universidad.
(las chicas)
Give ____ a like please. (to me and my ____ is learning yoga. (Erika)
est aprendiendo yoga.
friends)
Danos un like por favor (a m y a mis amigos
)
Take ____ to the cinema. (your girlfriend) This are your books please read ____.
Llvala al cine. (tu novia) (the books)
Estos son sus libros por favor lalos.
(los libros)
____ are waiting for Gustavo. (Luis, Juan ____ am from Tlaxcala. (Me)
an I) soy de Tlaxcala. (Yo)
Estamos esperando a Gustavo. (Luis, Juan
y Yo)
Tell ____ the secret. (to me) Take ____ to the vet please! (your cat)
Dime el Secreto. (a mi) Llvalo al veterinario por favor! (tu gato)
To Be Questions
Preguntas To-Be
1.- Complete each sentence and their correct contractions, finally turn
the Affirmative sentences into questions.
Completa cada frase y sus contracciones, finalmente convierte las frases afirmativas en preguntas
Affirmative Negative
Affirmative Negative Question
Contraction Contraction
I ________ a
lawyer. I ________ a ________ a ________ a
_______ a lawyer.
Yo un lawyer. lawyer. lawyer?
abogado.
You _____ my
sister. _______ my You _____ my ________ my ________ my
T mi sister. sister. sister. sister?
hermana.
He ______ a
Judge. He _______ a
_______ a Judge. ________ a Judge. ________ a Judge?
l un Judge.
Juez.
She _____ my She ______ my ________ my ________ my
aunt. _______ my aunt.
aunt. aunt. aunt?
Ella mi ta.
It _____ mine. _______ mine. It ________ mine. ________ mine. ________ mine?
Es mo.
We ______
enemies. ________ We ______ ________ ________
Nosotros enemies. enemies. enemies. enemies?
enemigos.
You _____
soldiers. You ______ ________
________ soldiers. ________ soldiers.
Ustedes soldiers. soldiers?
soldados.
They ______ They _______
_________ shoes. _________ shoes. _________ shoes?
shoes. shoes.
Definite, Indefinite and No Article
Lesson 3 Artculos Definidos, Indefinidos y Sin Articulo
Leccin 3
1.- Singular nouns and the first time we refer to a person, animal or
thing.
Sustantivos Singulares y la primera vez que nos referimos a una persona, animal o cosa.
a child an elephant
un nio un elefante
an architect a television
un arquitecto una televisin
2. We don't use a/an with possessive pronouns, demonstratives or
cardinal numbers.
Nosotros NO usamos a/an con pronombres posesivos o demostrativos ni con nmeros
cardinales.
My shirt is dirty. This car is expensive.
Mi playera est sucia. Este automvil es caro.
One person is in the The second player is from
reception. Mexico.
Una persona est en la recepcin. El segundo jugador es de Mxico.
3. We use ONE (or more) instead of a/an when the number is
important.
Usamos Uno o ms en lugar de a/an cuando el nmero es importante.
There is only one exit from the airport.
Hay solamente una salida del aeropuerto.
a is used when the next word begins with a consonant sound (b, c,
d, f, g, h, j, k etc).
La a se usa cuando la siguiente palabra empieza con el sonido de una consonante.
a book a table
un libro una mesa.
a clock a university (because the beginning of university
un reloj sounds like YOU-niversity)
una universidad (porque el inicio de university suena como YOU-
niversity)
an is used when the next word begins with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o,
u).
an se usa cuando la siguiente palabra empieza con el sonido de una vocal.
an apple an elephant
una manzana un elefante
an an hour (because the H is silent)
una hora (porque la H es muda)
umbrella
una sombrilla
No Article
Sin artculo
Lesson 3
Leccin 3
Definite, Indefinite and No Article
Artculos Definidos, Indefinidos y Sin Articulo
1. I have ___ two sisters and ___ brother. My brother has ___ son. That makes
me ___ uncle.
Tengo dos hermanas y un hermano. Mi hermano tiene un hijo. Eso me hace un tio.
2. Would you like ___ orange? Or would you prefer ___ banana? We also have
___ strawberries.
Quieres una naranja? O prefieres una banana? Tambin tenemos fresas!
3. Does anyone have ___ cell phone? I need to make ___ emergency phone
call.
Alguien tiene un celular? Necesito hacer una llamada de emergencia.
4. Luis doesn't own ___ car. He rides ___ motorcycle to work.
Luis no tiene carro. l maneja una motocicleta al trabajo.
5. Today, you ate ___ ice cream cone, ___ piece of pizza, ___ burrito and ___
doughnuts. That's not exactly ___ healthy diet.
Hoy comiste un cono de helado, un pedazo de pizza, un burrito y rosquillas. No es exactamente una
dieta saludable.
6. Let's go see ___ movie. There's ____ adventure film that I have really been
wanting to see.
Vamos a ver una pelcula. Hay un filme de aventuras que realmente he estado esperando ver.
7. Is there ____ Internet cafe around here? I need to send ____ important
email.
Hay algn caf internet por aqu? Necesito mandar un correo importante.
8. Instead of making ___ traditional turkey for Thanksgiving dinner, she baked
____ enormous chicken. En lugar de preparar un tradicional pavo para .a cena de Da de Gracias,
ella horneo un enorme pollo.
9. It looks like it is going to be ___ rainy day. You should take ____ umbrella.
Parece que va a ser un da lluvioso. Deberas llevar su paraguas.
10. Pedro and Nancy took ____ amazing vacation to Switzerland last year.
They even climbed ___ mountain near Lucerne.
Pedro y Nancy tomaron unas vacaciones sorprendentes en suiza el ao pasado. Incluso escalaron un
monte cerca de Lucerna.
11. Julio bought ___ new car last week. Unfortunately, ____ car broke down
after just two days.
Julio compro un automvil nuevo la semana pasada, Desafortunadamente el carro se descompuso
despus de solo dos das.
12. They are building ___ new mall downtown. I heard that ____ mall will
house ___ movie theater, ____ great restaurants, and ___ ice skating rink.
Estn construyendo una nueva plaza comercial en el centro. Escuche que la plaza albergara una sala
de cine, grandiosos restaurantes, y una pista de patinaje sobre hielo.
13. We went to ___ awful party last night. Ugh, ____ music was bad, ____
people were boring, and ____ food was terrible. I had ___ terrible time.
Fuimos a una fiesta horrible la noche pasada. Guacala! La msica estaba mala, la gente estaba
aburrida, y la comida estaba terrible, Me la pase bastante mal!
14. I have ____ awesome recipe for chocolate cake. My grandmother gave me
_____ recipe, and it goes great with ____ big scoop of ____ vanilla ice cream.
Tengo una asombrosa receta de pastel de chocolate. Mi abuela me la dio, y va muy bien con una gran
cucharada de helado de vainilla
15. Our teacher gave us ____ test today. It was ____ really hard test. There
were ____ questions on there which I didn't even understand.
Nuestro maestro nos dio un test hoy, Era un test realmente difcil. Haba preguntas en el, que yo ni
siquiera entend.
Simple Present
Lesson 4 Presente Simple
Leccin 4
We can form the simple present sentenses helping us with the next
structure.
Podemos formar las frases en Presente Simple ayudndonos con la siguiente estructura.
Simple Present
Presente Simple
Negative Sentences in the Simple Present Tense
Frases de negacin en el Presente Simple.
Negative Contractions
Contracciones Negativas
Do not = Dont In this case do and does works as an auxiliar and not as
Does = Does a verb do.
En este caso do y does funcionan como auxiliar no como verbo hacer.
not nt
2.- Write their afirmatives and negatives, finally turn the Affirmative
sentences into questions.
Affirmative Negative Question
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
_____________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________?
_
.
Lesson 5 Adjectives
Leccin 5 Adjetivos
What happens if a hat is both old and ugly? Do we say: an ugly old hat or
an old ugly hat?
Qu pasara si un sombrero es viejo y feo? Decimos un feo y viejo sombrero o un viejo y feo sombrero?
1. Opinion 6. Colour
Generalmente refleja lo que opinamos o pensamos del Muestra el color o color aproximado del
sustantivo. sustantivo.
2. Size 7. Pattern
Con estos indicamos que tan grande o pequeo es el Se enfatiza en el patrn o diseo del sustantivo.
sustantivo.
3. Shape Weight Length 8. Origin
Se refiere a la forma, largo y peso del sustantivo. Nos indica la naturaleza u origen del sustantivo.
4. Condition 9. Material
Refleja una condicin o estado general del sustantivo. Establece el material en el que se elabor el
sustantivo.
5. Age 10. Purpose Qualifier Use
Hace referencia que tan viejo es la persona o Es el para qu se usa? del sustantivo. Y
sustantivo. terminan en ING.
Adverbs describe verbs (actions). They give more detail about the
action.
Los adverbios describen verbos (acciones). Dan mayor detalle acerca de la accin.
My grandfather eats Slowly is an adverb because it describes the way my
slowly. grandfather eats.
Mi abuelo come despacio. Despacio es un adverbio porque describe la forma en que come mi abuelo.
Some adverbs are used to modify an adjective, Adverbs that do this are:
Algunos adverbios se usan para modificar un adjetivo, Los adverbios que hacen eso son:
Very, extremely, really, totally, absolutely, quite,
fairly, well.
Types of Adverbs
There are many types of adverbs, such as:
Hay muchos tipos de adverbios, tales como:
Adverbs of Frequency always, Adverbs of Degree very, extremely
sometimes, never, etc.
Adverbs of Manner carefully, slowly Adverbs of Quantity a few, a lot, much
Adverbs of Time and Place here, Adverbs of Attitude fortunately,
yesterday, then apparently, clearly
Adverbs of Relative Time recently,
already, soon
When there is an object, the adverb is usually placed after the verb +
object:
Cuando hay un objeto, usualmente el adverbio se coloca despus del verbo + el objeto.
I put the vase carefully on
the table.
However, adverbs are never positioned between the verb and the
object.
Sin embargo los adverbios nunca se ponen en medio del verbo y el objeto.
I read quickly the book.
I read the book quickly. (Correct)
(Incorrect)
Subjec Possessi
t ve
Examples Examples
Pronou Adjectiv
n es
II have a dog MY MY dog is a husky
YOU have a YOUR notebook is
YOU YOUR
notebook ruined
HE has a 3D printer HIS printer is
HE HIS
amazing
SHE SHE has a dress HER HER dress is tight
IT IT has a screen ITS ITS screen is wide
WE have a meeting OUR meeting is
WE OUR
private
YOU have a club YOUR club is
YOU YOUR
exclusive
THE THEY have a truck THEI THEIR truck is
Y R powerful
NOTE: Always remember that in this case the verb to Have is used
to show possession or a quality.
Siempre recuerda que en este caso el verbo tener se usa para mostrar posesin o una cualidad.
HE His WE Ours
Suyo Nuestro
Of yours
It is also very common to say a friend/some friends + of + possessive pronouns.
Tambien es muy comn decir Amigo/Algunos Amigos + de + Pronombre Posesivo.
I saw one of your friends last night. I saw a friend of yours last night.
Vi a uno de tus amigos anoche. Vi a un amigo tuyo anoche.
Both of these sentences are correct and both common in English.
Ambas de estas oraciones estn correctas y ambas son comunes en Ingles.
Again we use any with plural questions or those which use uncountable
nouns.
De nuevo usamos any con preguntas en plural o con aquellas que usen sustantivos no contables.
Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? Is there any ice-cream in the freezer?
Hay osos polares en la Antrtida? Hay helado en el refrigerador?
This, That, These, Those are called demonstratives and they are used
to show the relative distance between the speaker and the noun and we
can use them on two ways.
A this, that, these, those se les llama demostrativos y se usan para mostrar la distancia relativa
entre el que habla y el sustantivo y podemos usarlos de dos maneras.
This is a good meal. (at the time of eating) Carol, this is my friend Simon. Simon, this is
Esta es una buena comida. (Al momento de estar Carol.
comiendo) Carol el es mi amigo Simon. Simon ella es Carol.