2 OH

O
C OO -

6.3.2.7-10
6.3.2.13 HO O

2.4.99.7

OP C

OP P U

C H 3C H

2.4.1.17

NHAC

O
C HOH
C HOH
C H 2 OH

HO

OH 2.7.7.43

1.1.1.158

C H 2 OH
O

NHAC

C OO

UDP -N-A c G luc os amine

pyruvate
N-A c -Mannos amine-6-P
C H 2 OH
O

C H 2 OH
O

HO OH HO OH

C H 2 OH
O

HO OH

OH

UDP -G luc uronate

5.4.2.8

C H 2 OH
O

4.1.3.20

AC NH
HO OH
OH

HO OH

Mannos e-6-P

5.1.3.14

UDP -N-A c -G luc os amine

OP

OH

OH

O
OH H

OH OH

OH H

C OO -

C
H

OH H

OH OH

HOC H 2

OH H

OH

CO

OH H
HOC H 2

OH H

HOC H 2 C

OH H

OH

OH H

C HO

OH

4.1.1.34

OH H

OH OH

OH

C HO

OH H

HOC H 2

OH H

H
C

P OC H 2

2.7.1.53

OH

OH

HOC H 2

OH H

HOC H 2

CO

OH H

2.7.1.47

1 .1 .1

.9

HOC H 2

HOC H 2

OH

CO

2e-

2e-

H+

P OC H 2 C

3.1.3.11

C HO

E rythros e-4-P
P OC H 2

5.3.1.6
P OC H 2

.1 .1

OH

4.1.2.-

HO

D-Xylulos e-5-P

P OC H 2 C

C HO

P OC H 2

OH OH OH

H OH

P -R ibos yl
amine
C O C H 2O P

NADP+

HOC H 2 C OC H 2 OP

Chl.A0
P700

CO2

H+

2
2

H+

ATP

THYLAKOID MEMBRANE

ATP synthase

P -R ibos yl-P P

A DP

3.6.1.34

STROMA

HO

C OO

C OO

A rac hidonate

HO

L
I
P
I
D

C O-S -AC P

S tearoyl-C oA

5.3.99.5

T hromboxane B 2

OH-S tearoyl-C oA

P OC H2 C H(O P ) C OO

Oxos tearoyl-C oA

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OS C oA

C hain elongation

P almitoyl-C oA
C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H=C HC OS -C oA

1.3.1.9
2,
1.3.1.10

A C Y L -A C P

4.2.1.60
4.2.1.61

3-E noyl-A C P

Dec anoyl-A C P

1. 3. 1.

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS AC P

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C H=C HC OS AC P

4 .2 .1

2, 3-Dec enoyl-A C P
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H=C HC O-S -AC P

1.3.1.9

Hexanoyl-A C P

4. 2. 1.

3, 4-Dec enoyl-A C P
9

4.2.1.59

2, 3-Hexenoyl-A C P
C H 3 C H=C HC O-S -AC P

1.3.1.9

B utanoyl-A C P

6.2.1.3

A C Y L -C oA

F A T T Y A C ID

3.1.2.20

2.3 .1.1 5
C H 2 O-C O-R

3.1.1.3

C arnitine
O-A c yl-c arnitine

C H 2 O-C O-R "

Diac yl

FAT

O-A c yl-c arnitine

2.3.1.20 glyc erol 3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107

3.1.1.28

2.3.1.39
C H 3 C H(OH)C H 2 C OO

4.1.1.4

.1 .2

C H 3 C O-S -AC P

3.1.2.11

(Mitoc hondria)

D
E
G
R
A
D
A
T
I
O
N

1.3.99.3

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA

Hexanoyl-C oA
C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA

B utanoyl-C oA

C H 3 (C H n C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA

4.2.1.17

2, 3-E noyl-C oA

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H=C HC OS C oA

4.2.1.17

C H 3 C H=C HC OS C oA

4.2.1.55

1.3.99.3

2, 3-Hexenoyl-C oA

1.3.99.2

C rotonoyl-C oA

3-OH-A c yl-C oA

1.1.1.35

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA

1.1.1.35

3-OH-Hexanoyl-C oA
C H 3 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA

3-Oxoac yl-C oA

2. 3. 1.

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C OC H 2 C OS C oA

2. 3. 1.

3-Oxohexanoyl-C oA
C H 3 C OC H 2 C OS C oA

1.1.1.157

3-OH-B utanoyl-C oA

Odd C F atty ac ids

C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C OC H 2 C OS C oA

1 .1

C H 3 C H 2 C H=C HC OS C oA

P entanoyl-C oA

C H 3 C H 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS C oA

NA D
ATP
C O2

16

16

P entenoyl-C oA

1.1.1.35

3-OH-P entanoyl-C oA

4.1.3.5

3-Oxopentanoyl-C oA

OH

C H 2 O-C O-R

OH

P HOS P HA T IDY L
S E R INE

OH

P hos phatidyl
inos itol

2.7.8.8

P hos phatidyl
ethanolamine
C E P HA L IN
O

2.7.7.14

C DP -E thanolamine

L E C IT HIN

3.1. 1.5

(C 20)

2.5.1.10

(C oenzyme Q)
5.2.1.3

trans -R etinal

11-c is -R etinal

L ight

C HO

1.1.1.105

1.1.1.105

Menaquinone

P hytol

P las toquinone
CH3

C H 2 OH

5.2.1.7

11-c is -R etinol

Dark

(V itamin A )

C H 2 OH

(V itamin K )

C HOL E S T E R OL

P regnenolone

CH
N

Fe

HC
H3C
C H2

H 3C

CH

C
H

C H2

C OO -

HE ME

N
H

H2C

N
C H3

H 3C
C H2

C H2

C H2

C OO -

1.3.3.4
4.99.1.1

CH

H3C

N
H

C H2

C H2

H
C
H2

C OO -

C H2

C H2

C H2

C H2

C H2

C OO -

P rotoporphyrinogen

C OO -

1.3.3.3

H
C
H2

- OOC

C H2

H 2C

C H2

C H2

C H3
-

C H2

S qualene
(C 30)

C H2
C H2

C OO -

C OO -

4.1.1.37

H
N
C
H2

C H2
C H2

C OO -

- OOC

C OO -

4.3.1.8
4.2.1.75

CH 2
CH 2

H 2C
H 2C

C H2

Uroporphyrinogen

5-A mino-

C OO levulinate

TE

H2N

P orphobilinogen

A DP

Pi

ATP
E ND

E R G O N IC R E

AT

OH OH
O

.4

H+

1 .2

.1 .1

+
C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C HO

HC

NH
CH

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d-C MP

C ONH 2
NH C
C
HC
N

C H2

HC

NH
CH

O
C

N
R PPP

6.3.4.2

H+

CH

A C T IO N

C H 2.7.4.6
CH

RPPP

C Y T IDINE triphos phate

.1 .2

6 .3 .2

C H3

4.2.1.9

(S A M)

HOC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C OC OO

Oxopantoate

1.1.1.169
HOC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C OO

P antoate
-A lanine
3.5.1.22

1.2.1.25

C H3

6.3.2.1

HOC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C OO

P A NTOT HE NA T E
2.7.1.33

CH3

+
C H C H(NH 3 )C OO

C HC OC OO
C H 3C H 2

2.6.1.32

P OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C OO

4-P -P antothenate
C ys teine
6.3.2.5

C H 3C H 2

IS OL E UC INE
CH3

C H3
C H 3 C H=C HC OS C oA

(C H 3 ) 2 C HC HC H(OH)C OO

(C H 3 ) 2 C HC H 2 C OC OO

3-Is opropyl- 1.1.1.85 Oxoleuc ine

4.2.1.33
malate

C OO
P OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC HC H 2 S H

4-P -P antothenylc ys teine

1.2.1.25

C H 3 C H 2 C HC OS C oA

4.1.1.36
P OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC H 2 C H 2 S H

4-P -P antetheine

C H3
OOC C H 2 C = C HC OS C oA

6.4.1.4

3-Methylglutac onyl-C oA
H
C

HC
OOC C

C H3
C H 3 C = C HC OS C oA

1.4.1.9

H2
C

H 2C
OOC C

1.3.1.26

C arnitine

OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA

2.7.1.24

C H2
C H-C OO

C oenzyme A

N 6 -T rimethyl3-OH-lys ine

2-Oxoadipate

OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

2. 7. 2.

1.

.7.1
1.7 .6.4
1.6 .1
.6
18
6.3.4.16
1.

2.5.1.16

P utres c ine

G lutamic
s emialdehyde

CH

2.6.1.13

NO

HOC H
H 2C

A rgininos uc c inate

+ NH 2

H 2 NC N(C H 3 )C H 2 C OO

C reatine

C HC OO

1.14.11.2

OOC C HC H 2 C OO
N
+
H 2 NC NHC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

+ NH 2

2.1.1.2

4.1.3.16

4-Hydroxy2-oxoglutarate

NH

P R OL INE

2.7.3.2

HN C

P - HNC N(C H 3 )C H 2 C OO

P -C reatine
3.5.2.10

NH

N
C H3

CO
CH2

A mino A c ids
B ios ynthes is
Degradation

P urines &
P yrimidines
B ios ynthes is
Degradation

V itamins C o-enzymes & Hormones

B ios ynthes is

Degradation

+
OOC C H(OH)C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

4-Hydroxyglutamate

C HC OO
N
H

1.5.1.12

P hotos ynthes is Dark R eac tions

Human Metabolis m is identified as far pos s ible by black arrows

B ios ynthes is

Degradation

C OMP A R T ME NT A T ION

2.6.1.23

C H2

HY DR OXY
P R OL INE

4.3.2.1

G uanidoac etate

C H2

C H2

1.14.13.39

OHC C OO

OOC C H(OH)C H 2 C OC OO

6.3.4.5

3.5.3.6

S ac c haropine

P entos e P hos phate P athway

P yrroline-5c arboxylate
1.5.99.8
C H2
1.5.1.2

A R G ININE
2

C H 3 C OC OO

P yruvate G lyoxylate

C HC OO
N

2.1.3.3

NH 2

H 2 NC NHC H 2 C OO

B ios ynthes is
Degradation

H 2 NC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

4.1.1.17

3.5.3.1

B ios ynthes is
Degradation

L ipids

+
OHC C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

+
H 2 NC ONHC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

+
H 2 NC NHC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

+
C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

L E G E ND
C arbohydrates

S permidine

1.2.1.41

2.1.3.3

G lyc ine +

S -A denos ylmethyl
thiopropylamine

H 2 N(C H 2 ) 4 NH (C H 2 ) 3 NH 2

C H2 C H2

UR E A

C OO
NH C HC H 2 C H 2 C OO

1.5.1.9

(Dec arboxylated S A M)

6.3.5.5

H 2 NC ONH 2

LY S INE

+
OHC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

2-A minoadipate 1.2.1.31 2-A minoadipate

s emialdehyde

2.5.1.22

11 P OOC C H C H C H (NH ) C OO
3
2
2

G lutamine

2.1.4.1

N 6 -T rimethyllys ine

A
C
I
D
S

S permine

+
H 2 NOC C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

H 2 NC OO P

.7
5 .1 .1
20
4. 1. 1.
1.5.1.7 - 10

+
H 2 N(C H 2 ) 4 C H(NH 3 )C OO

C H 3 -S C H 2 C H 2 C HNH 2

H 2 N(C H 2 ) 3 NH (C H 2 ) 4 NH (C H 2 ) 3 NH 2

15

3.5.1.2
6.3.1.2

ATP
C O2

1.14.11.8

2.6.1.39

N-S uc c inyl-2, 63.5.1.18 Diaminodiaminopimelate

pimelate

A
M
I
N
O

A denos yl

(G A B A )

1.

OOC C H-C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C HC OO
+
NH 3

OOC C HC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H-C OO
+
NH 3

+
+
(C H 3 ) 3 N(C H 2 ) 3 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

+
OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

4-A minobutyrate
4.

+
NH 3

OOC C H 2 C H 2 C ONH
OOC C H 2 C H 2 C ONH
OOC C OC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H-C OO

2.6.1.17

OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OC OO

G lutaryl-C oA

Dephos pho-C oenzyme A

P -ADP - OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC H 2 C H 2 S H

(C H 3 ) 2 C HC H 2 C OS C oA

Is ovaleryl-C oA

+
+
(C H 3 ) 3 N(C H 2 ) 3 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

1.14.11.1

ADP - OC H 2 C (C H 3 ) 2 C H(OH)C O NHC H 2 C H 2 C O NHC H 2 C H 2 S H

L E UC INE
1.2.1.25

1.3.99.10

3-Methylc rotonyl-C oA

C H2
C H-C OO

2.7.7.3

+
(C H 3 ) 2 C HC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

2.6.1.6

2.5.1.6

S -A denos yl
methionine

C H 2S H
+
OOC C H(NH 3 )C H 2 C H 2 C ONHC HC ONHC H 2 C OO

C H 3 C HC O-S C oA

C H3

C H 3 C H(OH)C HC OS C oA

2.1.1.10
2.1.1.20

G lyc ine

.3

3-Hydroxy- 4.2.1.17 Methyl 1.3.99.3 Is obutyryl-C oA

Is obutyryl-C oA
ac rylyl-C oA

C H 3C H 2

+
C H 3 S C H C H C H(NH )C OO
2
2
3
+

4.1.2.12

C H3
C H 2 = C C OS C oA

HOC H 2 C HC OS -C oA-

1.2.1.32

Adenos yl

2-Oxo- 1.4.1.8 V A L INE

is ovalerate

C H3

3.1.2.4

ME T HIONINE

C H3
+
C HC H(NH 3 )C OO
C H3

2.6.1.32

2SO 4

G lutathione

HC HO
C HC OC OO

C HC OO

+
C H 3 S C H C H C H(NH )C OO
2
2
3

6 .3 .2

4.2.1.19

NH

4.3.1.3

2.7.7.4

Adenos yl

C H3

CH

2.1.1.13
2.1.1.14

B ile A c ids

2.3.1.46

C (OH)C H(OH)C OO

C H 2 C OC H 2 OP

Imidazole
ac etol-P

(A P S )

-G lutamylc ys teine

C
H

Uroc anate

A denylyls ulphate

C H 2S H
+
OOC C H(NH 3 )C H 2 C H 2 C ONHC HC OO

.2

C
H

NH
CH

+
S C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

T aurine

HC

2.6.1.9

S -A denos yl
homoc ys teine

HO 3 S C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

1.8.1.3

CH

OH OH HN

CH

Homoc ys teine

G lutamate

H
C

Imidazole
glyc erol-P

4.2.1.49

+
HS C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

4.4.1.8

H
P OC H 2 C

RP

His tidinol-P

NH
CH

2.7.1.25

4.2.1.22

C ys tathionine

C H3

2.6.1.19

1.4.1.14

N2

+ NH

P
Y
R
I
M
I
D
I
N
E
S

(C T P )

N
N

C DP

NH 2

N
OC

CH
CH

C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C H 2 OP

Imidazolone
propionate

P hos phoadenylyls ulphate

RP

1.17.4.1

C ytos ine

HN
OC

C HC H 2 C H 2 C OO

OC

CH
N

d-C DP

NH 2
C
CH
CH
OC
NH

CO

3.1.3.15

N
C
C

HOC H
HC

C H2
C HC OO

3-Hydroxypyrroline5-c arboxylate

T he "B ackbone" of metabolis m involves

G LY C OLY S IS in the C Y T OP LAS M,
the T C A C Y C LE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix
and AT P F OR MAT ION s panning the
MIT OC HONDR IAL INNE R ME MB R ANE

An electron flow (an electric current) generated from

NADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons
from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits
of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energy
needed to form ATP from ADP and phosphate

E lectron F low

P roton F low

1.5.1.2
S mall Numbers ( eg. 2.4.6.7) refer to the IUB MB E nzyme
C ommis s ion (E C ) R eference Numbers of E nzymes

C reatinine

22 nd Edition Designed by Donald E. Nicholson, D.Sc., The University of Leeds, England and Sigma-A ldrich
Product No. M 3907

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3.5.2.7

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C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C H 2 OH

C HC H 2 C H 2 C OO
NH
CH

2-3-Dihydroxy
is ovalerate

+
(C H 3 ) 3 NC H 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OO

NH 4+

F0

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A rgentina
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ARGENTINA, S.A.
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O
C

2.7.4.14

2.4.2.9

P OC H 2 C

His tidinol

1.1.1.23

C H3

1.1.1.86

+
OHC C H 2 C H (NH 3 )C OO

OR NIT HINE

s
n it

HN
H 2N C

NH 2
C
CH
N
CH
OC
N
DP

d-UMP

OH OH

C OOH

1.1.1.3

G L UT A MA T E

T IO N

H+
H+

6.3.4.1
6.3.5.2

CH
CH
N DP
3.5.4.12

.4

RP

NH

CH3

4.2 .1. 18

+
OOC C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

F1

1 0 c -s ucb- u

2. 4. 2.

O
C

P -R ibulos ylformimino
P -R ibos ylformimino
5-aminoimidazole- 5.3.1.16 5-aminoimidazolec arboxamide-R P+
c arboxamide-R P
+

Homos erine
2.7.1.39

C OOH

+
H 2 NC H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

NH 2
N
OC
C
NH
CH
C
HC
N
N

C (OH)C H(OH)C OO

2-Is opropylmalate

2-OXO A C ID
NA

H+ H+
H+ H+

D P R OTONS

H+

4.2.1.24

N
H

CH
N RP

P
U
R
I
N
E
S

G UA NOS INE -P

3.5.4.1

CH
OC N C H
RP

N
C
C

2.7.4.8

HN
OC

O
C

HN

+
HOC H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

C IT R UL L INE

N H

CH

RP

(G MP )

2.1.1.45

+
OOC C H 2C H 2 C OO C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

1.1.1.3

(C H 3 ) 2 C HC (OH)C H 2 C OO

ATP

P +1 P i

CH2
H2NCH2C=O

C H2
C H2

Pi
AD P +
H+
H+
H+

H+
H+

H2O

COOCH2

C OO C H2

N
H

H 2C

OOC

C H2

C H2

H2
C

N
H

H 2C

C oproporphyrinogen

C OO -

C H2

C H2

N
H

H 3C

C H3

C OO C H3

H2
C

N
H

H 2C

5.4.99.7
1.14.99.7

C OO -

C H2
C H3 C H
2

H2
C

L anos terol

Zymos terol

IV

1/ O
2 2

TR A NS L O

H 3C

CH

CH

6.4.1.3

C arbamoyl-P

AT P

G uanine

T HY MIDINE -P
2 .4 .2

CH
N

XA NT HOS INE -P

.1

C -C H 3
CH
DP

OC

(XMP )

2-Methylac eto-1.1.1.35 2-Methyl-3-4.2.1.17T iglyl-C oA

2 Methylbutyryl1.3.99.3
ac etyl-C oA
hydroxyC oA
butyryl-C oA

4.1.1.70

2.6.1.-

MI

NO 2 -

F1

HO

C OO -

C H2
C H3

H
C

2H +

1.9.3.1

HO

Des mos terol

C HL OR OP HY L L

C H2
CH

HO

C H3

1.3.99.7

1.6.6.1
1.7.99.4

F6

2eH
HO

CH
CH

C -C OO
OC
N
RP

4 .1

C OO

A s paragine

NO 3 -

ting A
s por . 6 . 1 . 3 T P s y
4
nth
3
os cp

2H+ C uB Heme a 3

P roges terone

CH
C -C OO
NH

Hypotaurine

G lutamyl-P

2H+

Heme a

S T E R OIDS

31

R -C O-C OO

n
tra

.4 .9 HN

RP

N
C
C

O
C

HN

1.1.1.205

.1

OOC C H 2 C H 2 C HO
A s partyl 4.2.1.52 2, 3-DihydroP iperideineN-S uc c inylS emialdehyde
dipic olinate 2, 6-dic arboxylate 2-amino-6-oxoS uc c inic
pimelate
s emialdehyde
OH

1.4.1.2

2.5.1.21

(V itamin E )

1. 1. 1.

2-A MINO A C ID

_
UQ.

+-

O
C

C ys teate

3-Hydroxyis obutyrate

+
R -C H(NH 3 ) C OO

C uA C uA

(C 15)

O
C H3

-T oc opherol

P hylloquinone

A s partyl-P

C yt.c

F arnes yl-P P

CH3

4.2.99.9

O
C
N

6.3.4.4

2 .7

Urac il

HN

+
HO 3 S C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

C H3
HOC H 2 C HC OO

.3 .1

+
H 2 NOC C H 2 C H (NH 3 C OO

5-A minolevulinate

(C 20)

C H3

1.3.1.2

7 .4

C
A
T
E
C
H
O
L
A
M
I
N
E
S

CH
N

(IMP )

3.1.4.6

G DP

3.3.1.1

C H 3 C OC (OH)C H 3

4.2.1.18

5.4.99.2

Glycine

C H 2 OH

trans -R etinol

HO

OPP
C H2

3. 5. 4.

INOS INE -P

2.4.2.1

1. 17 .4

O
C

+
C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
+
S C H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

4.4.1.1

C Y S T E INE

C OO

UQ

1.10.2.2

A denylos uc c inate

.6

4.2.1.9
2-A c eto-22-Oxo-3-methyl
2: 3-Di-OHhydroxy- 1.1.1.86 3-methylvalerate
valerate
butyrate

1.2.1.16

as

2.3.1.76
3.1.1.21

S UC C INY L -C oA

1eC yt.bH

C yt.c 1
2UQ

(C 10)

G eranyl-geranyl-P P
n

Ubiquinone

C HO

1.2.1.36

2.5.1.1

C H 3 C = C HC H 2 C H 2 C = C HC H 2 O P P
C H 2O P P

A s partate

2.7.4.6

2.4.2.4

HN
OC

O
C

A
C
I
D
S

F ormylamidoimidazolec arboxamide-R P
HC

(P A P S )

2-A c etolac tate

5.1.99.1

2H+
1e-

3. 1. 3.

O
C C

3.5.4.10

OC

C H2
C H2
NH

1.8.99.2

C H 3 C H 2 C OC OO

-OOCCH2CH2COO-

S UC C INA T E

UQH 2

2e- 2UQ _.
III
2eF e-S
C yt.bL

G eranyl-P P

C H3

C H 3O

4H+

18

6.3.5.4
-OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA

H2N
HC O

NH

2.4.2.1

d-G DP

T DP

His tidinal

HS O -

1.8.99.1

+
P OOC C H 2 C H (NH 3 )C OO

4.3.1.1

2.3.1.37

2UQH 2

2 .7 .2

1.2.4.2
2.3.1.61

2H+

1.10.2.2

C H3

CH3

AS PAR TATE

R etinoate

(C 5)

2.5.1.29

O
C H 3O

Ops in

C OO -

R etinol es ters

C H 3 C = C HC H 2 O P P

1.1.1.23

O-P hos pho4.2.99.2

homos erine

C H3

NS

1.13.11.21

R hodops in

(C 5)

CH

+
P OC H 2 C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

Methylmalonyl-C oA

4.1.1.71

TR A

Metarhodops in

C H 3 C -C H 2 C H 2 O P P

Is opentenyl-P P

Inos ine

NH

2.4.2.15

.7 .6

HO 2 S C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

16

1.1.1.41

C H2

Dimethylallyl-P P

2.5.1.32

II

3. 2. 2.

CH

4.3.2.2

T hymine

HC
N

C ys teine
s ulphinate

C H 3 C H 2 C OS C oA

G L UT A R A T E

UQH 2

C H3

(C 40)

hv

(C 40)

UQ
4.1.1.33

C
C

1 .1

3.5.4.19

NH

+
.8 HS C H 2 C H(NH
3 )C OO

4.2.1.16

2.1.3.1
4.1.1.41
5.1.99.1

6.2.1.4

F AD

RP

P ropanoyl-C oA

2-OXO -

F umarate

O
C

P OC H 2

+
C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

C
CH

HS
.9 9

OOC -C H-C OS C oA

1.3.5.1

F e-S
C yt.b

NHC OR

C erebros ide

P hytoene
T o B rain -V IS ION

-C A R OT E NE

Diphos phomevalonate

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 O- G alac tos e

C H-C OO

C H 3 C OC HC OS C oA

-OOCCOCH CH COO2
2

F ADH 2

UR IDINE Dihydro
Orotate
Orotidine-P
Uridine-P
UDP
4.1.1.23 (UMP ) 2.7.4.4
2.4.2.10
2.7.4.6 triphos phate
orotate 1.3.1.14

C H3

OOCCH=CHCOO-

P s yc hos ine

3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47
1.3.99.7

4.1.3.1

CH

H 2N

2.1.2.3

1.13.11.20

CH2COOC(OH)COOCH2COO-

CH(OH)COO
CHCOOCH2COO-

N
C

H 2N

RP

P lant P igments

HN

2 .7

HN
OC

Oxobutyrate

2. 3. 1.

F UMA R A T E

UQH 2

C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C H 2 O P P

A c yl-C oA

52

4.2.1.3

or
2H+ -

C H 2 C OO

+
NH 3
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 O- G alac tos e

UDP -G alac tos e

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 OH

C eramide

C HOL INE

2.7.1.32

Malonic
s emialdehyde

IS OC IT R A T E

MA L A T E
4H+
2H+ 4.2.1.2

2.7.1.36
2.7.4.2

+
HOC H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3

+
OC H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3

C holine-P

2.4.1.23
3.5.1.23

(C 40)

HE MOG L OB IN

P
O
R
P
H
Y
R
I
N
S

4-S phingenin

3.1.4.12

L yc opene

3.1 .4. 12

NHC OR

2.7.8.3

2.3.1.6

1.

CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA

1.6. 5.3

Mevalonate

.4 .2

2.

2.6.1.1

Glyoxylate
Cycle

2H

2F e -S
(5 C lusters)

4H+

HC

NH

F ormimino
glutamate

1.6.4.1

C IT R A T E
1.1.1.37

O
C

CH

NH
N
C
C
N
CH
C
HC
NH R P
N

C C H3
CH
NH

HN

C Y S T INE

Methylmalonyl
s emialdehyde

-OOCCHO

F MNH 2

HN

CH

d-C T P
GTP
T T P 2.7.4

OOC

4 .2

4 .1

4.1.3.8

4.1.3.2

T annins

4.3.1.3

C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

4.1.3.7

L IG NIN

OOC -C H-C H 2 C OO

O
C

HIS T A MINE

+
S -C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
+
S -C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

C H3
OHC C HC OO

AD

S
T
E
R
O
I
D
S

.3

2.4 .1. 62

S P HING OMY E L IN

I
S
O
P
R
E
N
O
I
D
S

2 .7 .8

UDP -S ugars A c yl-C oA

G anglios ides

2.7.7.15

C DP -c holine

1.1.1.102

NHAcyl O
+
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 O P O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
O

C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C H 2 OH

3.1.4.3
+
C P P -O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3

+
NH 3
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 12 C H=C HC H(OH)C HC H 2 OH

S phinganin

3 .1

3.1.4.4

2.7.8.2

+
NH 3
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C H(OH)C HC H 2 OH

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OC HC H 2 OH

Dehydros phinganin

A c etylc holine

G lyc erophos phoc holine

C H 2 C OO

C H2

NH

O
C

N
C
C

Dihydrourac il

3.5.2.2

C H 3 C OC (OH)C H 2 C H 3

18

H 2N

d-G T P

1.3.1.2

NH

4. 1. 3.

OHC C H 2 C OO -

4.1.1.32

OX A L OA C E T A T E

1.1.1.32

C H 3 C OC H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3

C
H

T HR E ONINE

1.2.1.18

-OOCCOCH COO2

I
C H 2 C OO

Mevaldate

E thanolamine

C H 2 OH
+
C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 )
O

O
C

4.1.1.29

GTP

NAD+

F MN

C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C HO

+
HOC H 2 C H 2 NH 3

HOC H O

- L ys olec ithin

1.1.1.34

Oxalate

1.4.3.8

2.7 .1. 82

E thanolamine-P

C H 2 O-C O-R

+
C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
2.1.1.17
O
C H 2 OC H=C HR
2.1.1.71
C H 2 O-C O-R
R -C O-OC H O
3.1.1.32
O
R '-C O-OC H
+
+
C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
C H 2 OP O C H 2 C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3
O
O

2.3.1.50

+
P OC H 2 C H 2 NH 3

HOOC -C OOH

HOC H 2 C HO

4. 2. 1.

OH

T HY R OXINE

RP

.7 .6

OC

HIS T IDINE

1.1.1.39

NA DH+H +

-OH--Methylglutaryl-C oA

G lyc ol
aldehyde

OP hos phatidylglyc erol

HOC H O

C holine
plas malogen 1.3.1.35
S erine +NH

1.2.1.21
2.7.8.5

C H 2 O-P O C H 2 C HOHC H 2 OH

+
C P P - OC H 2 C H 2 NH 3

2.7.8.1

G lyc olate

+
C H 3 C H(OH)C H(NH 3 )C OO

2.6.1.18

2.6 .1.4 4

4.1.3.4

C H 3 C (OH)C H 2 C OS C oA

1.6.5.3

C ardiolipin

O
+
C H 2 O P OC H 2 C H 2 NH 3

HOC H 2 C OO

C H 2 O-C O-R

C H 2 O-P O C H 2 C H(OH)C H 2 O-P -OC H 2

O
O

R '-C O-OC H

1.2.3.5

C DP -diac yl
glyc erol

R '-C O-OC H

O HC O-C O-R

4.1.3.5
C H 2 C OO

1.1.1.79

Inos itol

2.7.8.11

OHC C OO

G lyoxylate

2.7.7.41

C H 2 O P OC MP

S erine

C H 2 O-C O-R

C H 2 O-C O-R
R '-C O-OC H
O

4.1.1.65

R '-C O-OC H

C OO
O
+
C H 2 O P O C H 2 C HNH 3
O

HO OH

C H 2 O-C O-R

C H 2 O-C O-R

R '-C O-OC H

1.3.99.7

C oumarate

S uc c inylhomos erine

A C E T Y L -C oA

NAD+

C H 2 O-C O-R

HOH
GDP
C O2

1.2.4.1
2.3.1.12
3.1.3.43

C H=C HC OO

OOC -C H-C H 2 C OO
HNC O C N

.7 .7

HN
OC

P -R ibos yl-A MP

4.1.2.5

4.1.1.12

4.

6.4.1.1

2.6 .1.4

C H 2 O-P O

.1 .2

18

LACTATE

NADH+H+

C H 3 C H 2 C OC H 2 C OS C oA

3.6.1.31

HC

HO 2 S C H 2 C OC OO

C H 3 C H(OH)C OO

CH3COSCoA

C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA

R '-C O-OC H O

A L A NINE

4. 1. 3.

CH3COCOO-

2.3 .1.9

A c etoac etyl-C oA

2 .7

C H-C H 3
CH2
NH

3-S ulphinyl
pyruvate

+
C H 3 C H(NH 3 )C OO

2.6.1.2

P Y R UV A T E
C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H=C HC OS C oA

ME L A NIN

2. 7. 7. 7
2.7.7.6

+
HO 2 S C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

HS O 3-

1.4.1 .1

1.2.4.1
2.3.1.12
1.8.1.4

2.3.1.38

C innamate
Menaquinone
1.14.13.11

T yramine

NH

2.7.7.7

NH 2
N
+ C
C
N
CH
C
HC
N
N
R P (P P )

4.4 .1.1 5

4.4 .1. 15

4.1.1.9

A c etyl-A C P

C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H 2 C H 2 C OS C oA

A C Y L -C oA

C arnos ine

.1 .1

P Y R UV A T E

Malonyl-C o-A

1.1.1.30

A c etoac etate

P hos phatidate

3 .7

ATP

HOOC C H 2 C O-S C oA

C H 3 C OC H 2 C OO

C H 2O P

2.7.1.40

K E TONE B ODIE S

2.7.8.5

R -C O-OC H

C H 2 OH

Malonyl-A C P

2.3.1.41

C H 3 C OC H 3

4 .1

HOOC C H 2 C O-S -AC P

A c etone 3-OH-B utyrate

C H 2 O-C O-R

C H 2 O-C O-R
R -C O-OC H

R -C O-OC H

T riac ylglyc erol

A DP

C H 3 C OC H 2 C OS AC P

3-P -G lyc erol

A c etyls erine

A c etaldehyde

L
I
P
I
D

2.7.1.30

+
C H 2 C O-OC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

HS

C H 2O P

2.3. 1.51

C H 3 C HO

P -enolpyruvate

A c etoac etyl-A C P

1.1.1.8

HOC H

G lyc erol

(C ytos ol)

2.3.1.7

C H 2 OH

C H 2 OH
HOC H
C H 2 OH

.1 .3

1.1.1.1
C H 2 =C (O P ) C OO

3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-A C P

1.1.1.100

3-OH-B utanoyl-A C P

R -C H 2 C OO
C H 3 (C H 2 ) n+2 C OS -C oA

2 .3

2.1.3.2

2.3.1.41

C H 3 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS -AC P

4.2.1.58

C rotonoyl-A C P

4.1.1.22

E T HA NOL

3-Oxo-Dec anoyl-A C P

1.1.1.100

3-OH-Hexanoyl-A C P

C H=C HC OO

OH

OH

NH

C H 3 C H 2 OH

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C OC H 2 C OS AC P

C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

A denine

C arbamoyl
-alanine

C C H 2 C HC OO
NH
NHC OC H 2 C H 2 NH 2

1.2.1.4

3-Oxoac yl-A C P

2.3.1.41
C H 3 (C H 2 ) 2 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS AC P

HC

2-P -G lyc erate

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C OC H 2 C OS AC P

1.1.1.100

3-OH-Dec anoyl-A C P

.1 .2

(A MP )

Dihydro
thymine

3.5.2.2

3.5.2.3

OH OH
O

G lyc erate

2.3.1.41

60 C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS AC P

.6 0

C H 3 C H=C HC O.S -AC P

C H 3 C H 2 C H 2 C OS AC P

1.1.1.100

3-OH-A c yl-A C P

A DE NOS INE -P

O
C

HN
OC

HN
OC

P -R ibos yl-A T P

2.4.2.17

HOC H2C H(O P ) C OO

Mitoc hondrial

A DP

H 2 NC ONHC H 2 C H 2 C OO

3.5.1.6

ACE TATE

C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C OC H 2 C OS AC P

4 .1

Ubiquinone

1.1.1.204
1.1.3.22
Hypoxanthine
1.1.3.22 Xanthine

2.7.4.3
2.7.4.4

4.2.1.51

A
M
I
N
O

P henylpyruvate

(UT P )

P OC H 2

P -Hydroxypyruvate

4.2.1.11

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 5 C H=C HC H 2 C OS AC P

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 6 C H 2 C H 2 C OS AC P

C H 3 (C H 2 ) n C H(OH)C H 2 C OS AC P

1.3.1.13

NH 2 N
C
C
CH
C
HC
N R P (P )
N

HN

13

C H 3C OO

E ndoplas mic R etic ulum

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OS -AC P

P almitoyl-A C P

. 1.

2.6.1.22

HOC H2C H(OH) C OO

5.4.2.1

P rephenate
C H 2 C OC OO

2.6.1.5
4. 3. 1.
5

P HE NY L A L A NINE

R NA

HC

2, 3-Diphos phoglyc erate

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OC H 2 C OS -C oA

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C H(OH)C H 2 C OS -C oA

Dehydros tearoyl-C oA

OH

OC

NH

2 .7

-Ureido
is obutyrate

C arbamoyl
as partate

2.6.1.52

2.7.1.31

OH

O
C

2-A mino
muc onate

A
R
O
M
A
T
I
C

1.3.1.13
1.14.16.1

CH

HN

DNA

.7

2.7.7.6

2 C H2
OC
C H-C OO
N

P OC H 2 C OC OO

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C OC H 2 C OS -C oA

B
I
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S

P
H
O
S
P
H
O
L
I
P
I
D
S

OH

5.4.99.5

C horis mate

NH 2

OOC
OOC
C H 2 C OC OO

4.1.3.27

OC -C OO

1.1.1.29

1.1.1.95

3-P -G lyc erate

C OO
O

HO

P ros taglandin P G E2

C H 3 (C H 2 ) 14 C H=C HC OS -C oA

C OS C oA

C OO

HO

P almitoleoyl-A C P

Oleoyl-C oA

1.14.99.5

P OC H2C HOH C OO

OH

2. 1

-OOC
NH

P hos phos erine

ATP

C OO

L eukotriene B 4

5.
1 .1 3 . 9 9
4 .9 . 3
9 .1

1.3.1.35
C OS C oA

1.13.11.34

3.5.1.6

H 2 NC H 2 C H 2 C OO

+
P OC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

C OO

-L inolenate

1.14.99.25

L inoleate

4.1.1.11

3.1.3.3

Hydroxypyruvate

A DP

1.14.12.1

NH 2

A nthranilate

C H 2 C H(NH 3 ) C OO

1.17.4.1

C H3

-A lanine

HOC H 2 C OC OO

2.7.2.3

CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE

CO

UR A T E
CH
N

H 2 NC ONHC H 2 C HC OO

4.2.1.22

S E R INE

2.6.1.51
1.4.1.7

N
H

20

3-A minois obutyrate

HOC H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

OH OH

4. 2. 1.

C H3
H 2 NC H 2 C HC OO

C HOL INE

1: 3-bis -P -G lyc erate

OP OP

ATP

4.1.2.5

+
HOC H 2 C H 2 N (C H 3) 3

P OC H 2C HOHC OO P

2.7.6.1

ATP

ATP

H+

C H 2O P
O

Fixation

H+

THYLAKOID LUMEN

H+

H+

2.1.2.1

B etaine
aldehyde

NA DH

C
C

2.7.4.6

ATP

4.6 .1. 1

OH OH

2 .7 .7

F OL IC
A C ID
C1
P OOL

1.2.1.12
1.2.1.13

NH 2
N

2.7.4.6

1.1.99.1

Glyceraldehyde
Pi

A DP

1.7.3.3

HC

d-A DP

OHC C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3

Pi
NA D+

HN

NH

d-A T P

1.2.1.8

2.4.2.14
6.3.4.7

Pi

Ribulose-1,5-bis-P

H+

H+ H+
H+
H+ H+
H+ H+ H+ H+
H+
H+ H+
Protons from Water
H+
H+ H+
H+
H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
H+

ADP

H+
H+

H+
PC PC

4H +

Translocated protons

Pi

.1

.1
5 .3 .1
2.7.1.28

(G lyc erone-P )

NADPH+H+

2PQ

OH

C yc lic A MP
1.4.4.2

B etaine

3-P -G lyc eraldehyde

5 .3 .1

OC

-O P ~O P ~O P O C H
2 O
O
O
O

2.2.1.1

NH

OOC C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 3

Dihydroxyac etone-P

H+
H+

HN

2.1.1.5

S edoheptulos e-P P

NH
CO

A llantoin
O

1.5.99.2

3.5.2.5

CH

N
C H2 O

C
N H
H

NH

HC

OC

OC

Dimethylglyc ine

2.2.1.1

H+

S arc os ine

OH OH OH H

D-R ibos e-5-P

OOC C H 2 N(C H 3 ) 2

4.1.2.13

2.4.2.18

C H2

S hikimate-5 4.6.1.4
enolpyruvate 3-P

N
C
C

H2N

RP

1.2.1.32

C OO

OOC

OH

+
C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

CH
N

2.5.1.19

1.14.16.2

OOC

HC
C

2.
OOC C H 2 NHC H 3

G lyoxylate

C
N H
H

NH 2

.1 .4
2 .6 .1 0
.1
20
1 .4
1.
1.

NH 2

H 2N

RP

H2N

A llantoate

C H 2 (NH 3 )C OOH

C H 2O P
O

NH

NH 2
CO

C OO

OC

G LY C INE

OH OH
H

H 2N

Urea

6.3.4.13

C O C H 2O P

N-(5-P -R ibos yl)

anthranilate

C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO

T Y R OS INE

1.14.18.1

P las toquinone

C HO

HN

RP

3.5.3.4

F ruc tos e1: 6-bis -P

2.2.1.2

OH H

Dopaquinone

NH
H 2C
C

C HO
NH

H 2 NC ONH 2

OH OH H
C O C H 2 OH

C H C H 2O P

6.3.5.3
6.3.3.1
F ormyl
F ormyl
5-A mino 4.1.1.21 5-A mino-4-imidazole 6.3.2.6 5-A mino-4-imidazole 4.3.2.2 5-A minoimidazole
c arboxylate-R P
(N-s uc c inylc arboxamide)-R P c arboxamide-R P
glyc inamide-R P glyc inamidine-R P imidazole-R P

G lyc inamideribos yl-P

A DP

O-C -C OO

OH

OH

H2
C
C H-C OO
+
NH 3

(V itamin E )

OC H
NH 2
C OO

NH 2

C OO

Dopa

1.14.18.1

NH
OC

OH

OC H 3

P O

2.6.1.5

OH

4.1.1.28

-T oc opherol

OH

2.7.1.11

OH OH

H+

A1

Fe-S 2e- Cyt.f

C OO

OH OH

4.1.1.48

+
C H 2 C H (NH 3 ) C OO-

Dopamine

C HOHC H 2 OH

OH

S hikimate-3-P
PEP

OH

OH

4-OH-3-Methoxyphenylglyc ol

2.1.2.2

2.7.1.71

C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

.1 .6

(Normetadrenaline)

H 2C
OH

C OO

OH

Hydroxyphenyl
pyruvate
1.3.1.13

(Noradrenaline)

2 .1

OC H 3

NHC OC H 2 NH 2

OH

P O

S hikimate

1.13.11.27

1.14.17.1

Norepinephrine

C HOHC H 2 NH 2

C O C H 2 OH

ATP

5.1.3.1

C HO

2 .7

2e-

2.7.1 .17

Fe-S

PC

Mn

HO

OH OH H

C O C H 2 OH

D-R ibulos e-5-P

3
3

._

2PQ

C H 2O P
O

F ruc tos e-6-P

OH OH

H
P OC H 2 C

1 .4

OH

OH

OH

Normetepinephrine
.3 .4

NH

C H 2 C OC OO

OH

OH

4-OH-3-MethoxyD-mandelate

P OC H 2C HOHC HO

2e-

2PQH2

2.2.1.1

D-R ibos e

OH

OH

NA DP H

1.1.1.25

Dehydros hikimate

C HOHC H 2 NH 2

OH

OC H 3

5.3.1.9

5.3.1.8

1.1.1.44

OH

NADP +

HO

OH

OH

(A drenaline)

C H(OH)C OO

HO OH

NADP +

P OC H 2

.1 7

5.1.3.1

5.1 .3. 4

PQ

1e-

C C OO -

C H 2O P

C H 2 OH

C H 2 OH

*2e

Cyt bc

P680
Chl.a

O2

.1
3 .1

G luc os e-6-P

P -G luc ono
lac tone

OH

C H 2 C OO

O
C H 2 C OO

2.1.1.28

E pinephrine

C H 2 OP
O

OC H

C OO

OH

OH

A DP

1.1.1.49

OH

OH OH H OH
6-P -G luc onate NA DP H

Cyt bf

PQH2

H+

OH H

PHOTO- H+

2e-

1e-

Pheophytin

H+

HOC H 2 C

2.6.1.16

HO OH

4.2.1.10

Dehydroquinate

C OO

OH

2.7.1.2
2.7.1.1

. 1.

OH OH OH

C H 2 OH

CO

2. 7

_
PQ

PQH2

QB

H 2O

OH

HOC H 2 C
CO

C H 2 OH

OH

Ferredoxin

PQ

2eQA

OH

c
otophosphoryla SYSTEM
n-cycli electr
2H+ yclic Ph
tion l
No (electric curre on fl
C
nt)
o
H+
2H+

PHOTOSYSTEM
II

P
H
O
T
O
S
Y
N
T
H
E
S
I
S

R ibitol

C HO

OH H

H+

OH OH OH

D-Xylulos e
H+

H+

OH OH H

S orbitol

F ruc tos e-1-P

OH OH
P OC H 2

HOC H 2 C

OH

C HOHC H 2 NHC H 3

ATP

3.1.3.9

C H 2O P
O

CO

5.4.2.2

21

C OO

C OO

1-(o-C arboxy phenylamino)

1-deoxyribulos e-5-P

C OO

F umaryl 5.2.1.2 Maleyl 1.13.11.5 Homogentis ate

ac etoac etate
ac etoac etate

G L UC OS E

3.2.1.48

1. 1. 1.

2.7.1.3

D-Xylos e

C O C H 2 OH

OH H

1.10.2.1
1.10.3.3

CO

L -R ibulos e 2.7.1.16 L -R ibulos e-5-P

L -L yxos e

1.1.1.14

C H 2 OH

3.2.1.26

C OO

OH

4.6.1.3

O
C H 2 C OO

-OOC
OH

HO OH

Quinolinate

(ME L A TONIN)

C H2

OH

C H 2 OH
O

C OO

NH

N-A c etyl-5-O-methyl-s erotonin

4.1.1.45
3-Hydroxy 1.13.11.6 2-A mino-3-c arboxy
2-A minomuc onateanthranilate
muc onate s emialdehyde
6-s emialdehyde
C OO
H
H
C atec hol

3.7.1.3

C OO
HOC -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H 2 OP
CH
N

C -C H(OH)C H(OH)C H 2 O P
CH

2.4.2.19

C OO

C H 2 C H 2 NHC OC H 3

NH 2

OH

Quinolinatenuc leotide

2.4.2.19

C H 3O

2.1.1.4

N-A c etyl-s erotonin

NH 2

OH

Indole-3-glyc erol-P

C OO

NH

2.3.1.5

C OO
+
C OO
N RP

Nic otinatenuc leotide

C H 2 C H 2 NHC OC H 3

+
C O C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

+
C O C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
NH 2

4.2.1.20

T R Y P TOP HA N
HO

3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulos onate-7-P

HO

NH 2

4.1.1.28

HOC H HC OH
C

NH

5-Hydroxytryptamine

K ynurenine 1.14.13.9 3-Hydroxy

kynurenine

+
C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO

C OO
OC
P OC H 2 C H 2

OP P U

OH

HO

C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

11

2. 4. 2.

R ibos e- P

2.7.7.18

C OO

NIC OT INA T E

+
N

-Adenos ine

Des amino-NA D

1.13.11.11

NH

NH

T ryptamine

OH

G luc os amine-6-P

S UC R OS E

OH OH H

OH OH

C HO

OH OH

C H 2 C H 2 NH 2

UDP -G alac tos e

G luc os e-1-P

OH

5.5.1.4

CO

2.7.1.47

CO

2.4.1.22

OH

C H 2 OH
O

HO
5.1.3.2
2.7.7.10

OP

HO OH

HO OH

5.3.1.8

OP

OH

2.7.7.12

C H 2 OH
O

Indolepyruvate

C OO

-O-P -O-P -O
O

(S E R OTONIN)

3.5.1.9

F ormylkynurenine

HO

4.1.1.28

+
C O C H 2 C H(NH 3 )C OO
C HO
NH

4.1.99.1

NH

OH

P OC H 2

L -Xylulos e-5-P

C H 2 OH

Xylitol

.1 .4

C O C H 2 OH

D-R ibulos e

C H 2 OH

OH H

1.1.1.10

5 .3

L -A rabinos e
HOC H 2 C

CO

OH

L -Xylulos e

OH OH H

OH OH

2.4.1.13

2. 3. 1.

C H 2 OH

F ruc tos e

OH H

CO

Dehydroas c orbate

OH H
HOC H 2 C
H

C H 2 OH

HOC H 2 C

5.3.1.3

D-A rabinos e

L -A rabitol
HOC H 2

C HO

HOC H 2

2, 3-Dioxogulonate

A S C OR B A T E

C O C OO -

CO

OH

OH OH H

L -Xylos e
HOC H 2

HOC H 2

1.1.1.130

3-Dehydrogulonate
HOC H 2

HOC H 2 C

OH

2.7.7.9

C H 2O P
O

2.4.1.9

Inos itol-P

OH H

OH H

C C OO -

CO

OH

P
E
N
T
O
S
E
S

OH

2.7.7.27
2.7.7.34

OH OH

G ulonolac tone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolac tone

1.1.1.45

HO

OH OH H

OH

3.1.3.25

Inos itol

CO

HOC H 2

HO OH
OH

1.13.99.1

G luc uronate

CO

OH
NHC OC H 3

OH
OP

HO OH

OH
OH

1.1.1.19

G ulonate
3.1.1.18 HOC H 2

OH

OH

HO OH

OH

N-A c -G luc os amine-6-P

2.7.7.23

C OO

HOC H 2

HO

NHC OC H 3 5.4.2.3

N-A c -G luc os amine-1-P

HO

OP P U

UDP -G luc os e
G alac tos e-P

2.7.7.24

HO OH HO OH

C H 2O P
O

HO OH

OP P U

NHAC

1. 1. 1. 22

T DP -G luc os e

C H 2O P
O

2.7.1.60

N-A c -Mannos amine

4.2.1.46

2.7.1.7

HO OH HO O P

5.1.3.6

OP P U

HO OH

1.14.16.4

C H 2 C OC OO

C H 2 OH
O

2.7.1.6

NH

5-Hydroxytryptophan

Indole

4.1.1.43

G A L A C TOS E

C H 2OH
O
OH

G DP -G luc os e

MA NNOS E

2.7.7.13

Mannos e-1-P

5.1.3.7

3.1.3.29
AC NH
4.1.3.20
HO OH
OH

OP P U
OH

UDP G alac turonate

C OO

A DP G luc os e

OH

G DP -Mannos e
OH

UDP -N-A c G alac tos amine

OP P U

OH

OP P T

OH

T DP -4-Oxo6-deoxygluc os e

+
C H 2 C H(NH 3)C OO

NH

NH

Indoleac etaldehyde

3.2.1.23
2.7.1.38

OH

19

C H 2O P
O

HO

NHC OC H 3

5.1.3.13 O
C H 2 OH
O

C H 2 C HO

C H 2OH
O

2.4.1.11 HO
2.4.1.21

2.4.1.1
etc.

OH

2.4.1.33

HO OH HO OP P G

L A C TOS E
2.4.1.21

1.

HO O
C H2 C

C H 2 OH
O

4.2.1.47
C OO -

C H3

R ibos e

6.3.5.1
6.3.1.5

NA D( P )
HO

4.

N-A c -Neuraminate
(S ialate)

H
E
X
O
S
E
S

5.1.3.12

OP P U

OH

3.1.3.29
HO

C H 2 OH
O C OO

T DP -R hamnos e

G DP Mannuronate

OH

(A uxin)

1.2.3.7

OH

Adenos ine(P )

-O - P - O - P - O-

Indoxyl

R ibos e

NH

Indoleac etate
OH

OH

OH

NH

O
OH

2.4.1.29

OH OH

HO OP P G

HO

C H 2 OH
O

OH
OP P T

G DP -F uc os e

2.4.1.16

C OO

HO C H 3

O
C H3

OH

UDP -N-A c -Muramate

1.1.1.132

2.4.1.68
2.4.1.69
OP P U

OH

UDP Iduronate

C OO-

HO

C MP -N-A c etyl
neuraminate
AcNH

HO

C H 2 C OO
C H 2 OH
O

HO

C OO

C ONH 2

G LY C OG E N

.5

C OO -

C H 2 OH

B L OOD G R OUP A L G INA T E S O-A NT IG E NS

S TAR CH
S UB S T A NC E S
P E C T IN
INUL IN
C E L L UL OS E

DE R MA T A N

C HONDR OIT IN

3.
5

C HIT IN

C HOH
C HOH

AcNH

P E P T IDOG LY C A N C H

6.

HY A L UR ONIC A C ID

G LY C OP R OT E INS
G A NG L IOS IDE S
MUC INS

1.

P
O
L
Y
S
A
C
C
H
A
R
I
D
E
S

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