Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Automotive
Applications:
Processing, Microstructures, and
Properties
David K. Matlock, John G. Speer, and
Emmanuel De Moor
Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center*
Colorado School of Mines
Golden, Colorado
Workshop: Addressing Key Technology Gaps in Implementing
Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Lightweighting
February 9 - 10, 2012
USCAR Offices, Southfield, MI
3.-Los aceros CP (acrnimo el ingles Complex Phase) presentan una microestructura muy fina de ferrita con una
elevada fraccin volumtrica
de fases duras que se endurece aun por precipitacin de finos intermetlicos.
FIGURA.
PROCESO DE UN ACERO DP
DP800
Se proceder a exponer la composicin especifica de la
chapa a estudiar as como la observacin de su micro estructura, antes de
realizar los ensayos para obtener sus propiedades mecnicas.
Composicin qumica:
Tabla 2.1-Composicion qumica DP800 en estudio.
%C %Si %Mn
0.10 0.15 1.89
%P
%S %Cr
0.02 <0.001 0.10
%Ni
0.05
%Ni Al%
0.03 0.02
Micro estructura de base ferritica (la fase mas clara de la imagen) con
presencia de martensita formando bandas (la fase oscura), tanto longitudinales
(Fig.A) de mayor espesor y longitud, como transversales (Fig.B).
Tambien presencia de martensita en forma de pequeos islotes intergranulares. Tamao de grano muy fino, relativamente heterogeneo y equiaxial.
Acero Dual
Los valores de la composicin qumica se basan en los datos de los anlisis de colada.
DP 600C (%) Mn (%) P (%) S (%) Si (%) Al (%) Cu (%) Ni (%) Cr
0,060 1,35
0,025
0,180
0,140
0,750
TRIP 590-TRIP690
TRIP780--
Figura . Diagrama esquemtico tiempo-temperatura que muestra las etapas necesarias para un obtener un acero CP.
Table 1:
Steel grade
%C %Si %Mn
max max max
%P %S
max max
%Cr+%Mo
max
%Nb+%Ti
max
%Al %V %B
max max max
CP-W800
Hot rolled
0.12
0.80
2.20
0.04
0.015
1.00
0.15
1.20
0.20
0.005
CP-W1000
Hot rolled
0.17
0.80
2.20
0.04
0.015
1.00
0.15
1.20
0.20
0.005
CP-K60/78
Cold rolled
0.12
0.80
2.20
0.04
0.015
1.00
0.15
1.20
0.20
0.005
0.2
MPa
m
MPa
Elongation
A80, % min
CP-W800
680-830
800-980
10
CP-W1000
720-920
950-1130
10
CP-K60/78
600-700
780-940
10
%C
0.08
0.12
0.19
0.25
0.30
Test -strength
M900
ASTM L
M1100 ASTM - L
M1300 ASTM - L
M1500 ASTM L
M1700 ASTM - L
%Mn
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
%P
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
%S
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.015
otros
B, Ti
B, Ti
B, Ti
B, Ti
B, Ti
elongation
6
6
6
6
5
Steel MART
MART usos
Se ha producido un parachoques fabricado con Docol 1300 M y DURA Automotive Systems ha
producido una barra de proteccin contra impactos laterales compuesta de Docol 1200 .
Significant Parallel
Research Activities
Nippon Steel
DURA
Automotive
Systems:
barra de proteccin contra
impactos laterales fabricada
con Docol 1200 MZE.MART
DP Steel Processing
Initially conceived based on simple
processing routes for hot and cold rolled steels
Microstructures more complex than simply ferrite +
martensite and contained retained austenite + ??
A1
Temperature
A3
"Dual Phase"
Ferrite +
Martensite
Overage/Galvanize
Time
A1
Temperature
A3
Ferrite-Bainite-Austenite
"TRIP"
Ferrite +
Martensite
"Dual Phase"
Time
1800
Martensite
1600
Microstructural Classes:
1st Generation AHSS
1400
DP980
1200
1000
TRIP800
DP590
800
600
HSLA320
Elongation (%)
400
IF
200
70
60
Mild Steels
Compiled from:
Huang 1989
Bruce 2003
Cornette 2005
Sglitz 2008
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
True Strain
50
IF-HS
40
Mild ISO
BH
30
Conventional HSS
20
10
0
MART
300
600
900
Tensile Strength (MPa)
1200
1600
20 m
20 m
Martensite
Tempered
Martensite
H. Azizi-Alizamini, M. Militzer, W.J. Poole, Proceedings AHSS Conf., AIST Orlando (2008)
5 m
ND
RD
H. Azizi-Alizamini, M. Militzer, W.J. Poole, Proceedings AHSS Conf., AIST Orlando (2008)
5 m
ND
RD
5 m
ND
RD
H. Azizi-Alizamini, M. Militzer, W.J. Poole, Proceedings AHSS Conf., AIST Orlando (2008)
AUSTENITE
TRANSFORMATION
0.1C-1.0Mn-0.3Si DP
Vary intercritical T
Vary
MVF
and
martensite hardness
Distance (microns)
10
A.W. Hudgins, D.K. Matlock, J.G. Speer, J.R. Fekete, and M.S. Walp, The Susceptibility to
Shear Fracture in Bending of Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels, Proceedings of Steel
Properties and Applications Conference, edited by L.C. Oldham, AIST, Warrendale, PA, 2007,
pp. 145-157.
Temperature
A3
Press Hardened
T.
Altan,
2007
www.stampingjournal.com
http://www.interlaken.com/
hotstamping (2011)
Blank in Die
kam-stampingguru.blogspot.com/2011
High Strength
Structural Components
Oil
Strength
Toughness
Weldability
Consistency
Low Cost
w w w. smdis t e e l. org
Early HSS
Content
Materials
Other Materials
Plastics 4.6%
Other Metals 3.0%
14.0%
Aluminum 2.2%
Iron
3.6%
15.0%
org
Mild
Elongation (%)
70
60
50
IF
IS
BH
30
20
Conventional HSS
Growth of HSLA
Steels 1970-2000
10
0
200
400
600
800
Yield Strength (MPa)
1000
20 to 30 years
of development
w w w. smdis t e e l. org
1200
TOOLING
STAMPING
w w w. smdis t e e l. org
Source: WorldAutoSteel
TRANSFORMATION
DP
CP
TRIP
MART
Physical
AHSS
Actual Microstructure
Martensite
Dual Phase
TRIP
Actual Microstructure
Schematic Illustration
Metallurgy
of
Schematic Illustration
Actual Microstructure
Actual Microstructure
Schematic Illustration
AHSS Processing: CA
Line
Punching
of Blanks
Plastics 15.7%
Metals
8.4%
57%
STEEL
Mag.
8.1%
Aluminum
Iron
7.0%
1.9%
Other
Steels
11.9%
43.1%
Mild
Steel
Acero DP 600
Mass and
Trends
Performance
Rocker reinf
Rocker otr
Floor side inr
Stamping
AHSS
Roll-forming
AHSS
Hydroforming
AHSS
Extrusion
Aluminum
w w w. smdis t e e l.
org
WHEELS
CLOSURES
Doors, 2011 2012
Lower Wishbone
Wishbone
Twist Beam
Twist Beam
Lotus Unique
Upper Wishbone
Wishbone
Upper
Multi-Link
Multi-Link
SUSPENSIONS
FUEL TANKS
Lower Control Arm, 2010 2011
Twist Beam - 2012
w w w. smdis t e e l. org
3rd Generation of
AHSS
Mild
Elongation (%)
70
60
AU
50
IF-HS
ISO
30
BH
20
10
0
MART
w w w. smdis t e e l.
org
300
600
900
Tensile Strength (MPa)
1200
1600
For
2017-2025,
new
formable AHSS grades will
enable more steel
mass reduction
60,000
LCA Research at UC
Davis
7%
Recycling
50,000
Kg CO2e
40,000
Use
30,000
20,000
Production
10,000
0
HD BIW
Al,
Al, Magnes
Magnesium,
C Fib
ure
Fiber Struct
Structu
LD BIW
AHS
AHSS
Struct
Structure
Materials Matter
w w w. smdis t e e l. org
Dent resistant
Forming
Grade
High strength
Ultra-high strength
Elongation (%)
70
Steels
Mild
60
50
Conventional HSS
IF-HS
40
ISO
30
BH
TRIP
AHSS
20
10
0
MARTENSITE
300
600
900
Tensile Strength (MPa)
1200
1600
w w w .a u t ost eel.org
Processing
Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) Diagram
AUSTENITE
Temperature
Ar3
FERRITE
PEARLITE
BAINITE
Ms
MARTENSITE
Microstructure
Legend
Austenite
Martensite
Ferrite
Bainite
Time
MARTENSITE
DUAL
w w w .a u t ost eel.org
PHASE
COMPLEX
PHASE
w w w .a u t ost eel.org
Ferrite (F)
Martensite (M)
Dual Phase (F + M)
600-
700C
Slow
coolin
g
Slow
heatin
g
Rapid
cooling
500-1000
C/s
Overage
400C
Coolinog
5 10 C/sec
Temperature
Soak
o
( C)
o
T>820 C
Temperatur
e
Temperatur
e
Soak >720C
Coating
200-
4-6 minutes
Time
min)
(3-4
PRODUCT CHARACTERISITCS
HOT ROLLED STEELS
800
ENGINEERING
HSLA 700
HSLA 550
700
STRESS
-STRAIN
CURVES HR GRADES
HSLA 590TS
600
500
HSLA 350
400
300
HSLA 250
200
100
0
10
15
20
ENGINEERING STRAIN, %
25
30
35
40
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
COLD ROLLED STEELS
1400
1200
800
600
1000
M190
(1300 M Pa )
980DU
DIFORM
140T (965 M
Pa TS)
590DU
590
400
200
440
270
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
ENGINEERING STRAIN,
%
35
40
45
50
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
GALVANNEALED STEELS
1100
EN GIN EER IN G ST R ESS - ST R A IN C UR
VES GA ST EEL GR A D ES
1000
900
600
500
400
ENGINEERING STRESS, MP
980D U
800
700
590
590D U
440
300
340H R
340B H
200
100
270E
10
20
30
ENGINNERING
%
40
STRAIN,
50
60
600
500
400
GA590
300
GA 590DU
GA 590TRIP
GA 590TRIP
200
GA 590 DU
GA 590
100
0
0
10
15
Engineering Strain, %
20
25
30
Low Strength
Steels (<270MPa)
High Strength
Elongation (%)
70
Steels
Mild
60
50
Conventional HSS
IF-HS
40
ISO
30
BH
USIBOR
TRIP
AHSS
20
USIBOR
10
0
MART
300
600
900
Tensile Strength (MPa)
1200
1600
w w w .a u t ost eel.org
w w w .a u t ost eel.org
Foreign Domestics
Bake Hard
576
AHSS
6.2%
(590-980) 6.9%
644
CHSS 12.0%
(440)
1,122
16.7%
MHSS (340)
1,562
Bake Hard
8.9%
385
15.0%
CHSS (440)
18.3%
646
AHSS (590-980) 787
(Includes wheels)
45.3%
Low Strength
(270)
1,952
w w w .a u t ost eel.org
Acero
DP
w w w .a u t ost eel.org