ee

Loaoers

7 ^.

v''

IViooi lofvdor p r o d u c t i o n is basoti 'apon machino c a p n c i t y , liiicket s i z e , mnteri;il

w c i g h t and c y c l e time. Macliine c a p n c i t y i s f i x e d . Counter-weightig w i l l i n crease c a p a c i t y , b u t too much decreascs speod and performance. Bucket s i z c i s
based on m a t e r i a l weight and o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s . Cycle time i s determined
by h a u l d i s t a n c e , l o a d , dump and maneuver t i m e .
s^wt"

Production

= Bucket Load per t r i p x T r i p s per h r .

^ fot - 11^' /

- /.

BUCKET lUTINGS

'W^

c 2 go
l l i e SAE lias e s t a b l i s l i e d two r a t i n g s f o r wheel l o a d e r s , s t r u c k c a p a c i t y and lieaped
or r a t e d c a p a c i t y , Tliese r a t i n g s r e f e r t o the volume o f m a t e r i a l tlie bucket can
carry.

STRUCK CAPACITY

c A

' ^''^ ^

60L Pt O

The s t r u c k c a p a c i t y i s d e f i n e d as tlie volume o f m a t e r i a l r e t a i n e d i n t h e bucket

a f t e r a heaped load i s s t r u c k by drawing a s t r a i g h t e d g e a c r o s s the w i d t l i o f the
b u c k e t w i t h ene end o f t i i e s t r a i g h t e d g e r e s t i n g on tlie c u t t i n g edge and tlie
ot)er end r e s t i n g o n the uppermost p o r t i o n o f t h e bucket back sheet o r s p i l l guard.
HEAPED OR RATE CAPACm'

c f)Pf\<'1'ns>

rry^M^iXi/i

heaped bucket c a p a c i t y , i s obtai^n^d^J)^^ o r i e n t i n g t h e bucket so t h e s t r u c k

l i n e3 i s p a r a ll ll ee ll to
t o the
t h e g rgrc
o u n d and'^pi^'ing*^ a d d i t i o n a l m a t e r i a l on t o p o f tl^e s t r u c k
l o a d at a 2:1 angle of rejDose. The t o t a l volume so obtained i s the rated capacity
of tlie'bucket.

Th

STATIC TIPPING LOAD

CAf^Q

L ili n L

Se ui c '

i7

eSTrtTifO

Tlie SAE T i p p i n g Ldkd i s d e f i n e d as tlie mnimum w e i g l i t . a t tlie center o f g r a v i t y o f

t h e "S.A.E r a t e d " bucket load whicli w i l l r o t a t e t l i e r e a r o f t h e machine t o a po'int
w!\ere t h e r e a r w h e e l s a r e c l e a r o f t h e ground under t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s :
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

T r a c t o r on a h a r d , l e v e l s u r f a c e and s t a t i o n a r y .
U n i t at^ standard o p e r a t i n g weight
I A " "
Bucket'iiltS'back
^ ^^^N'''^*^
Load a t i t s mximum forward p o s i t i o n i n the r a i s i n g c y c l e
U n i t w i t h standard equipment as d e s c r i b e d i n s p e c i f i c a t i o n ,
unless o t l i e r w i s e noted under t h i s h e a d i n g .

ESTIMATING CYCLE TIME

*
-rp.ft,ft J.itXOoW .''"''^
,= .J
The b a s i c c y c l e times of p.,5 minutes f o r a r e a r s t e e r leader and 0.4 minutes f o r
an a r t i c u l a t e d l o a d e r are averages and v a r i a t i o n s can be a n t i c i p a \ e d i n t h e ' f i e l d .
To a c e r t a i n e x t e n t , v a r i a t i o n can be e s t i m a t e d .
Tlie f o l l o w i n g vales f o r v a r i a b l e
olcmonts oro bascd on normal l o a d c r o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s of s t o c k p i l e d broken to
g r a n u l a r m a t e r i a l w i t l i I i a u l , afeas s u f f i c i e n t l y h a r d and smooth to use . f u l l t h r o t t l e
w h i l e t r a v e l i n g , a competent o p e f a t o r , t h e u n i t p r o p e r l y equipped f o r j o b c o n d i t i o n s
and l o a d i n g i n t o t r u c k s or.hoppers matched to t h e l o a d e r . , . ';

H5

VARIABLE

Minutos

OLMRNTS

nddod (+)

o r S u b t r a c t e d (-}
From Average Cycle

Materials:

+ .02
+ .02

Mixed
U p to 1/8"
1/8" to 3/4"
5/4" to 6"
ar.d over
-3anK

i :

.02

"^t i

\ir9l^..

.00
+ .03 and.up
+ .04 and up

Pile:
--Conve>or o r Dozer p i l e d 10'
and up
--Conveyor o r Dozer p i l e d 10'
or less
--Dumped by t r u c k

.00
+ .01
+ .02

Miscellaneous':
' --Common ownership o f t r u c k s
and l o a d e r s
- - I n d e p e n d e n t l y owned t r u c k s
- --Consistent operation
"--Inconsistent operation
--Small t a r g e t
Pai^-^t,
- - - F r a g e t a r g e t hi.f>H%Q fftLtB*^
CYCLE

TIME

(BASIC

Up
Up
Up
Up
Up
Up

to
to
to
to
to
to

+
+
+

.04
.04
.04
.04
.04
.05

- VARIABLE ELEMENTSJ-|-('
TRAVEL TI-E^
CYCLE

TIMEJ +

T PICAL TRiWEL TIMOS - 6 CU. YD. WHEEL LOADER ^ t ;

TT^L^

s^ve 6>atflc

ESTIMATINH r.nrKT;T LOAD

l l i c f.owing indicares the approxiiste amounts o f material as a percent of
r a t e d bucket capacity which, w i i l , a c t u a l l y be. d e l i v e r e d per cycle'/
Lose M a t e r i a l Size

F i l l Factor

Mixed e'-^^-'i"'^''.!
.
Up t o 1/8" C A c n-3
1/8" t o 3 / 4 " (c '15" hr.z. '1^-1
5/4"
t o 5"
Ac H- ^^y'- ^"1
6" and over . / .---r-" 4 c c ' j

95-100%
95-100%
' 85%
90-95%
85-90%
^gc/ctc.-r

Example:

S . 5 -

[-i;

1/2" m a t e r i a l and 1_4 cu. y d . bucket J

.85 X 4 cu. yd. = 3.4 LCY delivered per cycle '

WHEEL LOADERISELECTION EX.WPLE

TA ~

JOB CONDITIO.NS:
^

Application
Production Required
Material
Density

, fT n I

(J^K
U

> /^^

1 -r"

Tr.ck Loading ^
^ I^,
,1 o o'^ .oo'^s-'c.
275 tons per hour (35cTVHy>>
5/8" g r a v e l i n 20 f f . ' high -stockpile (mt^L'-^/ZS''"'!
2S00 I b / c u . y d .
( 3,2 o o ! I D / ^ ^ ^
y
'

Trucks a r e 8-12 cu. yd. c a p a c i t y and are owned by three c o n t r a c t o r s L o a d i n g '

i s c o n s i s t e n t . Hard l e v e l s u r f a c e f o r loader maneuverin'g
'
;
CYCLE TIMES:

'

Basic Cycle'- A r t i c u l a t e d Loader ''

Material

.4

: ) . . .

min.

.02 min.
^ft
.04 min.

.0-3

Equipment <rV^ ^ ^ < W

0,00

*-

Operation

fST,-

"se

'

Total

A"

'.02 min.
,4 min.

Cycles/hour = 60 min/hr
-{^
0.4 min/cycle
Tcycl

CX^^V

O-

cycles/hr.
,0^

--N

4 ,c

s:'o

ic'i

. J ,- t

BUCKET SELDCTION:
ciisity i n Tons:

^
2800

Ibs'./cu.yd.

Production
.

Rato

'

'

,i>-50 cu.yd./cycle

>

- *

, '

,;

'

'

FILL FACTOR

'

.-1 :

We now have t h e volume o f m a t e r i a l r e q u i r e d p e r c y c l e .

Because'of
v a r y i n g m a t e r i a l f i l l f a c t o r s , buckets do not always c a r r y - t h e i r ; r a t e d
l o a d , so we may have t o s e l e c t a l a r g e r c a p a c i t y bucket to c a r r y the
volume r e q u i r e d . Por f i l l f a c t o r s > r e f e r to f i l l f a c t o r ' c h a r t in''this
section.
5 / 8 " diameter m a t e r i a l has a f i l l f a c t o r o f 8 5 % .
"
Rated Bucket Capacity R e q u i r e d

"

' - \
. ,

'

'

Volume R e q u i r e d per C y c l e :

196 c u . y d . , / h r ^

"

\'
)

Required:

196 cu.yd./hr
Jr&O c y c l e s / h r

1.4

= Jrr^ t o n s / c u . y d .

2 7 5 tons/hr
=
, .. 1.4. t o n s / c u . y d .

j ^

^ r"'
6

1 ^ cu.yd.Vcycle
.85 f i l l factorA Z 1/2 c u . y d .

(Heaped) : prt<.< A/J^,

cu.yd.5
2_5
y/^L
, ,-

pf^-.MJ'c.'^f'spT./^^f^.fO.tf^^

H^.
..:.)
(. / i

':-..r/t,l.

bucket would p r o v i d e t h e r e q u i r e d capacity^.

MACHINE SELECTION:

'

'

xq.]'". ,
-.n';

O p e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y r e q u i r e d o f the machine i s determined b y ^ t h e volume

the
machine w i l l c a r r y p e r c y c l e t i m e s t h e d e n s i t y . '
'<'i;loqo
....

Required Operating Capacity:

4

'2.5o

cu.yd. X 2 8 0 0 Ibs./cu.yd.

Ibs.

.,

, ;

'
. .

...

.'>.'.of'
.

44';;''

Good performance can u s u a l l y be o b t a i n e d w i t h o p e r a t i n g capacity.iup .to'50% o f

s t a t i c t i p p i n g l o a d . Tne o p e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y o f t h e machine s e l e c t e d must be
g r e a t e r t h a n t h e r e q u i r e d o p e r a t i n g c a p a c i t y j u s t c a i c u l a t e d i " ' '..'v/y \

L/f.

- 4 . ' . ,

^rL^

z:.<^u^^^U^^---^^^^>^^