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a sepsis severa y el shock sptico son responsables de 20% de los ingresos a Unidades de
Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y constituyen la
principal causa de muerte en UCI no coronarias1,2.
En 2001, Angus y cols.1 estimaron que en Estados
Unidos de Norteamrica podran existir 750.000
casos anuales de sepsis severa, con una mortalidad
asociada de 28,6% y un impacto econmico de 17
billones de dlares. En Chile, un estudio multicntrico encontr una prevalencia de sepsis severa
en pacientes crticos de 40%, con una mortalidad
asociada de 27%3. Si hacemos una proyeccin,
considerando que Amrica Latina tiene una poblacin aproximada de 580 millones de habitantes,
el nmero de vctimas fatales anuales podra ser
enorme. El enfrentamiento protocolizado de la
nefasta triada asociada a la sepsis severa: hipotensin, hipoperfusin tisular y disfuncin orgnica,
puede generar una mejora significativa en las
posibilidades de supervivencia de los pacientes4-7.
Actualizaremos la evidencia que sustenta el
bundle para la reanimacin inicial de los pacien-
Unidad de Pacientes
Crticos, Departamento de
Medicina, Hospital Clnico
Universidad de Chile.
2
Departamento de
Medicina Intensiva,
Hospital Clnico Pontificia
Universidad Catlica de
Chile. Santiago de Chile.
1
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Tabla 1. Bundle de Reanimacin Inicial: Este conjunto de medidas deben ser implementadas
dentro de las primeras 6 h de diagnosticada una sepsis severa
1. Medir lactato plasmtico o dficit de base si no dispone del primero
2. Tomar hemocultivos antes de iniciar la administracin de antibiticos
3. Administracin precoz y combinada de antibiticos de amplio espectro, dentro de 3 h de su llegada al Servicio de
Emergencia o dentro de 1 h de su ingreso a una Unidad de Pacientes Crticos
4. En presencia de hipotensin y/o lactato 4 mmol/L o dficit de base <-4 mmol/L:
a) Administre 2 litros de solucin con cristaloides
b) Inicie noradrenalina cuando la hipotensin no responda a la reanimacin inicial con volumen, con la finalidad de
mantener una presin arterial media 65 mmHg
5. Si la hipotensin persiste a pesar de la resucitacin con volumen y/o lactato 4 mmol/L o dficit de base <-4 mmol/L:
c) Obtenga una medicin de presin venosa central y asegure un valor 8 mmHg
d) Busque llevar la SvcO2 a un valor 70%
*Adaptado de 2005 Surviving Sepsis Campaign and Institute for Healthcare Improvement.
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37. Patel GP, Grahe JS, Sperry M, Singla S, Elpern E, Lateef
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38. De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, Madl C, Chochrad
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