Departamento de Ingeniera Rural y Agroalimentaria

______________________________

Escuela Tcnica Superior de Ingeniera Agronmica y del Medio Natural

UNIVERSIDAD POLITCNICA DE VALENCIA

GUA DE ESTUDIO DE:

PROYECTO DE NAVE DE
ESTRUCTURA DE ACERO
(segn EAE)
TEORA Y PRCTICA

Autores:
Jos Javier Ferrn Gozlvez
Miguel Redn Santaf

PRLOGO
En relacin a los estudios del Mster en Ingeniera Agronmica reviste
especial inters las construcciones realizadas en estructuras de acero. El
curso de Estructuras Metlicas pretende materializar en aplicaciones
prcticas los conceptos bsicos de Resistencia de Materiales y Clculo de
Estructuras, acordes con las prescripciones de la Normativa vigente, para
la realizacin de los clculos y posterior dimensionado de una nave.
El contenido del curso se recoge en la publicacin Proyecto de nave de
estructura de acero (segn EAE). Teora y prctica, editado por la
Universidad Politcnica de Valencia (N 535).
El aprendizaje involucra una gran diversidad de conceptos y definiciones,
por lo que resulta de gran utilidad la disponibilidad de un texto que resuma,
destaque y sintetice los puntos esenciales de cada Tema. Ello redunda en
una mayor y mejor comprensin de los contenidos. Por otra parte, las
clases presenciales se imparten con el soporte de fichas o transparencias.
La disponibilidad de este material para el estudiante puede suponer una
gran ayuda en el proceso de aprendizaje de esta materia:
Al inicio del estudio de cada Tema, se realiza una lectura de las fichas para
adquirir una visin general de los temas a tratar.
Seguidamente se procede, mediante la publicacin citada, al estudio detallado
de cada uno de los puntos destacados en las fichas con mayor o menor
intensidad segn el grado de relevancia que se indica (esquina superior derecha
de cada ficha).
Se repite el estudio de las fichas, con un mayor nfasis en la asimilacin de los
esquemas y especialmente en la interpretacin de las Figuras.
De nuevo en la publicacin, puede realizarse la lectura de los Temas completos,
enriqueciendo la materia con los contenidos adicionales que se incluyen.

Se ha primado la sencillez y practicidad de los procedimientos utilizados

acordes con la importancia y seguridad de los elementos estudiados. En la
mayora de los casos existen mtodos ms sofisticados para conocer con
mayor precisin el comportamiento de las piezas. Los detalles
constructivos expuestos slo pretenden ser un posible ejemplo, pues
existe una variedad de soluciones vlidas en cada caso.
Muchos contenidos son una interpretacin o forma de trabajo de los
autores, que puede diferir de la que aparecen en otros textos. Se
diferencia entre las prescripciones de la norma y la interpretacin que se
realiza sobre las mismas para aplicarlas a estructuras de naves. En la parte
prctica, se aplican un conjunto de hiptesis simplificativas para que sea
posible un clculo manual de los elementos constructivos, sin perder
seguridad ni resultar excesivamente conservador.

*8$'((678',2'(
PROYECTO DE NAVE DE ESTRUCTURA DE ACERO
1$785$/(=$
x *XtD GH HVWXGLR GHO FXUVR GH Estructuras Metlicas GHO 0iVWHU HQ
,QJHQLHUtD$JURQyPLFDFUpGLWRV
x 6H FRPSRQH GH fichas FX\R FRQWHQLGR VH GHVDUUROOD HQ OD SXEOLFDFLyQ
Proyecto de nave de estructura de acero1GHODFROHFFLyQApuntes
GHOD8QLYHUVLGDG3ROLWpFQLFDGH9DOHQFLD
2%-(7,926
x $GTXLULUFDSDFLGDGSDUDUHDOL]DUXQ352<(&72WpFQLFRGHXQDHVWUXFWXUD
HQDFHURSDUDXQDQDYH
x 6H DQDOL]D HO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR \ SURFHGLPLHQWRV GH GLVHxR FiOFXOR \
GLPHQVLRQDGRGHORVHOHPHQWRVFRQVWUXFWLYRV\HVWUXFWXUDOHVGHXQDQDYH
$17(&('(17(6
x 6HIXQGDPHQWDHQOD5HVLVWHQFLDGH0DWHULDOHV
2WURVFRQRFLPLHQWRVUHFRPHQGDGRV
x )tVLFDHVWiWLFD\HODVWLFLGDGEiVLFDV
x 0DWHPiWLFDVDULWPpWLFD\JHRPHWUtDHOHPHQWDO
x 'LEXMRWpFQLFR

01

,1',&('(7(0$6'(/&8562
8G'LGiFWLFD

TEORIA ESTRUCTURA DE ACERO

(ODFHUR 

1RUPDWLYDPDWHULDOSHUILOHV
%DVHVGHFiOFXOR (VWDGRVOtPLWHVFRQGLFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDG
$FFLRQHVHQQDYHV $QHMR$G, S, N, V
3ODVWLFLGDG

GHVHFFLRQHVD[LOIOHFWRUHLQWHUDFFLyQ
,QHVWDELOLGDG 
3DQGHR\DEROODGXUD
3LH]DVDFRPSUHVLyQ7LSRV\ORQJLWXGGHSDQGHR
&RPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLD\SDQGHR&ODVHVGHVHFFLRQHV0pWRGRV
8G'LGiFWLFD

PRCTICA NAVES

1DYHV
(OHPHQWRVHVWUXFWXUDOHV\FRQVWUXFWLYRV
3yUWLFRV (VIXHU]RVGHIRUPDFLRQHVSHUILOHVDFDUWHODPLHQWRV
&HORVtDV 7LSRORJtDHVIXHU]RVGHIRUPDFLRQHVSHUILOHVWXEXODUHV
8G'LGiFWLFD

PROYECTO

 3yUWLFR&iOFXOR\GLPHQVLRQDGRGHXQSyUWLFR
 &HORVtD'LPHQVLRQDGRGHXQDFHORVtD
 &RUUHDV
 %DVHVGHDQFODMH
\ 0XURKDVWLDO\DUULRVWUDPLHQWRV
02

0$7(5,$/'(/&8562
%LEOLRJUDItD    

&DStWXOROLEUR

z

x /,%52'(7(;723UR\HFWRGH1DYHGH(VWUXFWXUDGH$FHURVHJ~QOD($(
--)HUUiQ05HGyQ)-6iQFKH]63839
$XWRUHV--)HUUiQ05HGyQprofesores del Departamento de Ingeniera Rural
y agroalimentaria de la UPV
1RPEUHGHOILFKHUR&(075$165SGI
2UJDQL]DFLyQGHFDGDILFKD'RVILFKDVSRUSiJLQD(QFDGDILFKDVHLQGLFD
7tWXOR
1FDStWXORGHOOLEUR
5HOHYDQFLD z$OWDz0HGLDz%DMDz&RPSOHPHQWR
7HPD 
7tWXORGHFDGDXQRGHORVWHPDV
5HI

1GHWHPD1GHILFKD

x Ramn Argelles lvarezESTRUCTURAS DE ACERO

D &iOFXOR7RPR,
E 8QLRQHV\VLVWHPDVHVWUXFWXUDOHV7RPR,,
x Alfredo Arnedo PenaNAVES INDUSTRIALES CON ACERO$37$
x Jos Monfort LleonartESTRUCTURAS METALICAS PARA EDIFICACIN
x EAEINSTRUCCIN DE ACERO ESTRUCTURAL. Ministerio de Fomento
03

&(175$/+2572)587&2/$
(VWUXFWXUDGHDFHUR


04

1250$7,9$'((6758&785$6'($&(52
9,'$87,/(;,*(1&,$6%6,&$6   



z

1250$7,9$
x$FWXDOHVHQYLJRU
x ($( ,QVWUXFFLyQGHO$FHURHVWUXFWXUDO7RGDHVWUXFWXUDGHDFHURGH
HGLILFDFLyQRLQJHQLHUtDFLYLOSXHQWHV
x &7( 6($ &yGLJR WpFQLFR GH OD HGLILFDFLyQ 6HJXULGDG HVWUXFWXUDO $FHUR
6yORHGLILFDFLyQ
x 1RUPD(XURSHD(&(XURFyGLJR/D6($\OD($(SURYLHQHQGHO(&
x2WUDVQRUPDVGHLQWHUpV
x &7(6($($FFLRQHVHQODHGLILFDFLyQ(&QRUPDHXURSHDGHDFFLRQHV
x &7(6( 6HJXULGDGHVWUXFWXUDO
x 1&6(1RUPDGHFRQVWUXFFLyQVLVPRUUHVLVWHQWH
x1RUPDVDQWHULRUHVGHDFHUR09\($
&RPHQWDULRV
/RVDSXQWHVVHEDVDQHQOD($(
(VSRVLEOHTXHHO&7(QRVHDHQHOIXWXURGHDSOLFDFLyQSDUDQDYHV
&RQFHSWRGHYLGD~WLO
([LJHQFLDVEiVLFDV5HVLVWHQFLDHVWDELOLGDG\DSWLWXGDOVHUYLFLR


11

7,32/2*,$(6758&785$/'(1$9(6
           

)LJ)LJ

z


12

(-(03/2'(1$9(+2572)587&2/$
           


)LJ)LJ

z

9LVWDLQWHULRU







/(<'(020(1726

9LVWDH[WHULRU

13

$&(527,326
     



z

'(),1,&,21
3URGXFWRIpUUHRDSWRSDUDODFRQIRUPDFLyQHQFDOLHQWHFRQCLQIHULRUDO
$FHURVGHHGLILFDFLyQ
$FHURVODPLQDGRVHQFDOLHQWH
$FHURVFRQIRUPDGRVHQIUtR
&ODVLILFDFLyQGHORVDFHURV
$FHURVEDVHDFHURVGHFDOLGDGDFHURVHVSHFLDOHV
8WLOL]DFLyQ
6 DFHURVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQPHWiOLFD % DFHURVSDUDHOKRUPLJyQDUPDGR
3 DFHURVSDUDDSDUDWRVDSUHVLyQ
( DFHURVGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQPHFiQLFD
/ DFHURVFRQGXFFLRQHV\WXEHUtDV
$FHURVQRDOHDGRVODPLQDGRVHQFDOLHQWH'HXVRPiVH[WHQGLGR
3URSLHGDGIXQGDPHQWDOGHODFHURI\7HQVLyQHQHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRGHOPDWHULDO
9DORUHQ1PP 03D0HJDSDVFDO NJFPNJFP
2WUDVSURSLHGDGHVGHODFHURI\ (H\H\'HIRUPDFLyQXQLWDULDHQHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFR
0yGXORGHHODVWLFLGDG( 1PP






NJFP






NJP
14

'HQVLGDGU
NJP
JUFP

$&(52'(6,*1$&,1
       



z

Aceros no aleados laminados en caliente

3URSLHGDGHVGHXQDFHURFRQgarantas adicionalesVHJ~QHO$UWGHOD($(
6-5$FHURFRQI\SDUDW >PP@GH1PP0iVKDELWXDO
--. &DOLGDGHVVXSHULRUHVPHQRUIUDJLOLGDGPHMRUVROGDELOLGDG
'(6,*1$&,21

6


6

6

-5
-
-
-5
-
-

-5
-
-
.

(VSHVRUQRPLQDOWPP
7HPSHUDWXUD
0tQLPDWHQVLyQGH GHOHQVD\RGH
7HQVLyQHQHOOtPLWH
URWXUDIX
HOiVWLFRI\
&KDUS\
&
Wd
dWd
Wd dWd








































7HQVLyQHQHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRfy = 275









N
N
kg 100 mm2
kg
=
275

= 2750

2
2
2
cm
mm
mm 10 N
cm2

15

$&(52
(63(6250;,027251,//26<62/'$'85$ 



z

(VSHVRUPi[LPRHQPPGHFKDSD
3DUDJDUDQWL]DUXQFRPSRUWDPLHQWR'&7,/GHODFHURHOHVSHVRUGHEHVHULQIHULRUD
7HPSHUDWXUDPtQLPD
*UDGR
&
&
&
-5 - - -5 - - -5 - -
6         
6         
6         
Valencia6HJ~Q&7(6($(WHPSHUDWXUDPtQLPDDLUHH[WHULRU
(VSHVRUPi[LPRVHUtDPP1RVHDOFDQ]DHQHVWUXFWXUDVVLPSOHV

$FHURGHWRUQLOORV
7LSRGHWRUQLOORV

'HDOWD
UHVLVWHQFLD
  
  
  

2UGLQDULRV

&ODVH


7HQVLyQGHOtPLWHHOiVWLFRI\E1PP  
7HQVLyQGHURWXUDIXE1PP






$FHURGHVROGDGXUDV(O PDWHULDO GH DSRUWDFLyQ GH FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV VXSHULRUHV D ODV

GHOPDWHULDOEDVH
16




/$0,1$'26(1&$/,(17(
3(5),/(6,3(,31   

z

&XDOLGDGHVSHUILO,3(
$ODVGHFDUDVSDUDOHODV
$OPDPiVGHOJDGD
$ODPiVDQFKD
0iVUHVLVWHQFLDDIOH[LyQ
0iVUHQGLPLHQWR
5HVLVWHQFLDSHVRSHUILO
(VSHVRUHV
WIflangeDOD
WZwebDOPD
&XDOLGDGHV
*UDQUHVLVWHQFLD\ULJLGH]
HQVXSODQRHMH\
'pELOULJLGH]ODWHUDO]
$SOLFDFLRQHV
9LJDV\SLODUHVDIOH[LyQ

17

352178$5,2'(3(5),/(63(5),/,3($QHMR
5HVLVWHQFLDGH0DWHULDOHV5HSDVR 















,3(
K

'LPHQVLRQHVPP
E

WZ

WI





 
 
 

U

 
 
 

Seccin 3HVR
3
NJP

$
FP

5HIHULGRDOHMH

]]GpELO
,\
:\ :SO\ L\
,] :] :SO] L]
FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP




 3.24    1.05

 4.07    1.24
 4.90    1.45

          12.5    3.35


         16.5    3.95

    

$
,\
:\
:SO\
,]
:]
:SO]
L\L]



   24.3    4.66

UHD
V 1$
,QHUFLDVHJ~QHOHMHIXHUWH
F\ 0\(,\
0RPHQWRUHVLVWHQWHHOiVWLFR\SOiVWLFR
V 0\:\
7HPDVHJ~QHOHMHIXHUWH>:\ ,\K@
,QHUFLDVHJ~QHOHMHGpELO
F] 0\(,]
0RPHQWRUHVLVWHQWHHOiVWLFR\SOiVWLFR
V 0]:]
VHJ~QHOHMHGpELO>:] ,]K@
5DGLRGHJLURVHJ~QyVHJ~Qz7HPD
, $L

5HVLVWHQFLDD[LO
'HIRUPDFLyQIOHFWRU
5HVLVWHQFLDDIOHFWRU
'HIRUPDFLyQIOHFWRU
5HVLVWHQFLDDIOHFWRU
Estruc. plana: Mz = 0
3DQGHR

V 7HQVLyQSURYRFDGDSRUXQHVIXHU]R
F &XUYDWXUDGHXQDYLJDRULJLQDGDSRUXQIOHFWRUF UUUDGLRGHFXUYDWXUD
18

z

\\IXHUWH

  

  
  




/$0,1$'26(1&$/,(17(
3(5),/(6+*5(<  



z

+(%HQYROYHQWHFXDGUDGDKDVWDE K 'LVSRQLEOH

+($FDVLFXDGUDGDE!KKDVWDE 0HQRVGLVSRQLEOH
+(06HFFLyQGHJUDQHVSHVRU1RVHXWLOL]DHQQDYHVHGLILFLRVGHJUDQDOWXUD
&XDOLGDGHV
x 0HQRUUHVLVWHQFLD\ULJLGH]HQVXSODQRHMH\UHVSHFWRD,3(,31
x 0HMRUULJLGH]ODWHUDO]UHVSHFWRD,3(,31
$SOLFDFLRQHV$[LOHVHOHYDGRV\FLHUWDIOH[LyQ
x 3LODUHVGHHGLILFLRVGHYLYLHQGDVXRILFLQDV+(%
x 3LODUHVGHSyUWLFRVDGRVDJXDV\SLODUHVGHFHORVtDVGHFXELHUWD+($
x 9LJDVDIOH[LyQFRQFDQWROLPLWDGR
19

/$0,1$'26(1&$/,(17(
3(5),/(6831//'7\PDFL]RV 



z


x 8316LPLODUDO,31$VLPpWULFRVHJ~Q]0X\XVDGR831IRUPDQXQFDMyQ
x /$QJXODUGHODGRVLJXDOHV(MHVSULQFLSDOHVK[7LUDQWHV$QWHVFHUFKDV
x /'$QJXODUGHODGRVGHVLJXDOHVSRFRXVDGR
x 7/DGRVQRSDUDOHORV$FWXDOPHQWHVHVXVWLWX\HSRUPHGLD,3(
x 0DFL]RV5G&G5F3HUILOHVGHSHTXHxDVGLPHQVLRQHV7LUDQWHV
x &KDSDVDQFKXUDPD\RUDPP%DVHVGHDQFODMH0DWHULDOSDUDQXGRV
110

&21)250$'26(1)5,23HUILOHV\SODFDV
78%26          



z


x /'8/QRHVWUXFWXUDOHVFDUSLQWHUtDPHWiOLFD
x &)=)2PHJDERUGHVULJLGL]DGRVKDELWXDOHVFRPRFRUUHDV
x 7XERV 0iV FRP~Q FRQIRUPDGR HQ IUtR SOHJDGR \ VROGDGXUD (VWUXFWXUDV
WULDQJXODGDV5+60iVFDURV
111

',$*5$0$7(16,1'()250$&,1'(/$&(52
               



z


1RWDWH[WRH[SOLFDWLYRWUDQVSDUHQFLDVLJXLHQWH


112

',$*5$0$7(16,1'()250$&,1'(/$&(52
               



z

6HWUD]DODOH\V = N/A0IUHQWHDH = 'L/LFRQHOHQVD\RQRUPDOL]DGRGHXQDSUREHWD

DWUDFFLyQNFUHFLHQWHKDVWDODURWXUD
A0/UHDGHODVHFFLyQ\ORQJLWXGLQLFLDOGHODSUREHWD
Vp /tPLWH GH SURSRUFLRQDOLGDG A R GH UHODFLyQ OLQHDO VH 'LItFLO GH SUHFLVDU 6H
DGRSWDVp | (0.8 a 0.9) Ve
E:
3HQGLHQWHGHODUHFWDPyGXORGHHODVWLFLGDG2.1 105 N/mm2
Ve fy/tPLWHGHHODVWLFLGDG%3XQWRFRQXQDGHIRUPDFLyQQRUHFXSHUDEOHSUHILMDGD
GHSHTXHxDSODVWLILFDFLyQ'HILQHHOWLSRGHDFHUR666
/DGHIRUPDFLyQHQHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRHVH\fy = EHy
B-C *UDQ DODUJDPLHQWR VLQ DXPHQWR GH FDUJD cedencia R HVFDOyQ GH IOXHQFLD
)RUPDLUUHJXODURFRQWLQXDH 
Vr =fu &DUJDXQLWDULDPi[LPDDWUDFFLyQUHVLVWHQFLDDWUDFFLyQRWHQVLyQPi[LPDGH
URWXUD'GHVSXpVGHXQLQWHUYDORGHDXPHQWRGHUHVLVWHQFLDHmax 
D-E: )RUPDFLyQGHhuso]RQDFRQXQJUDQHVWUHFKDPLHQWRRestriccin\URWXUD
'LDJUDPDVVLPSOLILFDGRVFiOFXORV
'LDJUDPDHODVWRSOiVWLFRFRPSXHVWRSRUGRVUHFWDVHOiVWLFD\SOiVWLFD
(VWDELOLGDGSDQGHRFRPSOHMRVFXUYDGHDMXVWHH[SHULPHQWDOHQWUHVp\fyVLHQGR
HOPyGXORGHHODVWLFLGDGODWDQJHQWHDODFXUYDEtYDULDEOH

113

(1(5*,$'(52785$$)/(;,1
(16$<2'(5(6,/(1&,$RD/$52785$)5*,/



z

x52785$)5*,/
(VLQGHVHDEOHSRUTXHRFXUUHGHIRUPDDOHDWRULDHLPSUHGHFLEOH
6LQDYLVRGHIRUPDFLRQHVLQDSUHFLDEOHV'LItFLOGHHYDOXDU
)DYRUHFLGDSRU
x 3XQWRVGHFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHWHQVLRQHVHMHPSORHQXQLRQHVGHEDUUDV
x %DMDVWHPSHUDWXUDV
x $FFLRQHVGLQiPLFDVFDUJDGHLPSDFWRYLEUDFLRQHVVLVPR
x6HHQVD\DFRQHOSpQGXORGH&KDUS\HQVD\RGHLPSDFWR
x6HGHWHUPLQDODHQHUJtDDEVRUELGD-HQHOFKRTXHDOSDUWLUVHXQDSUREHWD
GLIHUHQFLDHQWUHODDOWXUDDQWHVGHOFKRTXH\GHVSXpV
x6HGHWHUPLQDHOJUDGRGHODFHUR-5--.
114

275$63523,('$'(6
       



z

x $XVHQFLD GH JULHWDV HQ XQ HQVD\R

QRUPDOL]DGRGHSOHJDGR
x (QVD\R GH IDWLJD SLH]D VRPHWLGD D FDUJDV
YDULDEOHV\UHSHWLGDV
8QHMHDWUDFFLyQFDPELDQVXVILEUDVGHWHQVLyQHQFDGDYXHOWD
/DUHVLVWHQFLDEDMDFRQHOQ~PHURGHFLFORV
$FLFORVODUHVLVWHQFLDQREDMDPiVYHUFXUYDGH:K|OHU
0HQRULQWHUpVHQHGLILFDFLyQ












115

52785$'8&7,/)5$*,/
        

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

'&7,/ 7HQGHQFLD GHO DFHUR D FDUJDV HOHYDGDV D XQ GHVOL]DPLHQWR LQWHUQR GH OD
HVWUXFWXUDFULVWDOLQDRSODVWLFLGDG
$OFDQ]DGR HVWH HVWDGR OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ LQLFLDO VH SLHUGH SDUFLDOPHQWH \ TXHGDQ
GHIRUPDFLRQHVSHUPDQHQWHV
)5*,/ 7HQGHQFLD D OD
VHSDUDFLyQ R URWXUD 1R
GHVHDEOH SXHV VH SUHVHQWD
VLQSUHYLRDYLVR
1R H[LVWH XQD WHRUtD SDUD
SRGHUFXDQWLILFDUOR
&RQYLHQH TXH HO FtUFXOR GH
0RKUDODXPHQWDUODWHQVLyQ
SULQFLSDOV[DOFDQFHDQWHVODV
UHFWDV
KRUL]RQWDOHV
GH
SODVWLILFDFLyQ TXH OD YHUWLFDO
GHURWXUDIUiJLO
(Q OD SUREHWD GH HQVD\R VH
REVHUYDQ XQDV EDQGDV GH
GHVOL]DPLHQWR

116

352&(62'(3/$67,),&$&,1
         

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

x(QXQFRUWHDVHREVHUYDQWHQVLRQHVWDQJHQFLDOHVW VH
x (VWDV W SURYRFDQ XQ GHVSOD]DPLHQWR HQ OD UHG FULVWDOLQD UHYHUVLEOH SDUD FDUJDV
QRHOHYDGDV

Comportamiento elstico
DO UHWLUDU ODV FDUJDV UHJUHVD D
ODSRVLFLyQLQLFLDO
x 3DUD FDUJDV DOWDV WRGD OD UHG
FULVWDOLQDGHVOL]DRVDOWDFRQ
QXHYRVHQODFHV
/DGHIRUPDFLyQHVLUUHYHUVLEOH
Comportamiento plstico
DO UHWLUDU ODV FDUJDV TXHGDQ
GHIRUPDFLRQHVSHUPDQHQWHV
x(ODFHURHVWiFRPSXHVWRSRUXQ
DJUHJDGR GH GLYHUVRV WLSRV GH
SDUWtFXODVFHPHQWDGDV
$OJXQDVSXHGHQKDEHULQLFLDGR
OD SODVWLILFDFLyQ \ RWUDV QR
VDOYRJUDQGHVDODUJDPLHQWRV
117

)$&725(648()$925(&(1/$52785$)5*,/
              

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

x (VWDGRVWULD[LDOHVGHWHQVLyQ
x 7HPSHUDWXUD PtQLPD VRSRUWDGD
IUDJLOLGDGDEDMDVWHPSHUDWXUDV
x 7HPSHUDWXUD GH WUDQVLFLyQ  PtQLPD
WHPSHUDWXUDDODTXHODUHVLVWHQFLDD
ODURWXUDG~FWLOVXSHUDDODIUiJLO
x (VSHVRU GHO SURGXFWR  PiV IUiJLO
PD\RUHVSHVRU
x (IHFWRHQWDOODPiVIUiJLOSRUJULHWDV
KHQGLGXUDVUHEDEDVHWF








x&DOLGDGGHODFHUR
x'HIRUPDFLyQHQIUtRGHODFHUR
x(VIXHU]RVDOWHUQDGRVIDWLJDRGLQiPLFRVLPSDFWR
118

&21',&,1'($*27$0,(172
         

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

x (OHPHQWRFRQFDUJDXQLD[LDOODIOXHQFLDSOiVWLFDRFXUUHDODOFDQ]DUHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRI\
x (OHPHQWR HQ XQ HVWDGR FRPSOHMR GH WHQVLRQHV SXHGH VXSRQHUVH TXH OD IOXHQFLD
HVWiUHODFLRQDGDFRQFLHUWDFRPELQDFLyQGHODVWHQVLRQHVSULQFLSDOHV
x /RVFULWHULRVGHIOXHQFLDVRQUHODFLRQHVIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWHHPStULFDV
x &7(6($(FRQGLFLyQGHQRDOFDQ]DUHODJRWDPLHQWRHVOD7HRUtDGH9RQ0LVHVR
criterio de la mxima energa de distorsin

V   V ,,   V ,,  V ,,,   V ,,,  V , 
d I\G 

[

 V\

  V


 V]

  V


 V ]    W [\  W []  W \]



dI

\G

(VWDGRGHWUDFFLyQWULSOHV,!V,,!V,,,!DGHPiVVHGHEHFXPSOLUV,I\G
I\G5HVLVWHQFLDGHFiOFXORGHODFHURDWHQVLRQHVQRUPDOHV
(VWDGRSODQRGHWHQVLyQV\ 

(VWDGRGHWUDFFLyQRFRPSUHVLyQVLPSOHW[\ 

 V [  W [\ d I\G 


V [ d I\G 

W [\ d IYG I\G  

(VWDGRGHFRUWDGXUDVLPSOHV[ V\  
IYG5HVLVWHQFLDGHFiOFXORGHODFHURDWHQVLRQHVWDQJHQFLDOHV

119

 I\G 

&21',&,21(6'(6(*85,'$'
(67$'26/0,7(6    



z

6LWXDFLRQHVGHGLPHQVLRQDGR
3HUVLVWHQWHV&RQGLFLRQHVQRUPDOHVGHXVR
7UDQVLWRULDVUHSDUDFLyQRUHKDELOLWDFLyQ
([WUDRUGLQDULDVVLVPRLQFHQGLRLPSDFWR
0pWRGRGHORVHVWDGRVOtPLWHV
6HFRPSUXHEDTXHODVDFFLRQHVH[WHULRUHVSURGXFHQXQHIHFWRLQIHULRUDOTXH
RFDVLRQDODVLWXDFLyQOtPLWHHQHVWXGLR
(stado lmiteHVODVLWXDFLyQTXHGHMDODHVWUXFWXUDIXHUDGHVHUYLFLR
(VWDGROtPLWH~OWLPR&RODSVRHVWUXFWXUDO(/8
'Hequilibrio estticoSRUSpUGLGDGHHVWDELOLGDG
Deformacin excesivaFHUFDQDDODURWXUD
7UDQVIRUPDFLyQWRWDORSDUFLDOHQXQPHFDQLVPR
'HURWXUDSRUagotamientoUHVLVWHQWH
InestabilidadRSDQGHR
(VWDGROtPLWHGHVHUYLFLR3pUGLGDGHOXVRKDELWXDO(/6
'HIRUPDFLyQRGHVSOD]DPLHQWRTXHDIHFWDDODDSDULHQFLDRXVR
9LEUDFLRQHV
'HJUDGDFLRQHVFRUURVLyQ

21

$&&,21(6&/$6,),&$&,21
9$/25&$5$&7(5,67,&2 

2.3, 2.3.1

z

$FFLRQHVHQODHVWUXFWXUD5HVSXHVWD(VIXHU]RVUHDFFLRQHVGHIRUPDFLRQHV
$FW~DQVLHPSUH\SRVLFLyQ
PERMANENTES (G) FRQVWDQWHYDORUQRPLQDO
0DJQLWXGFRQVWDQWHRDFRWDGD

VARIABLES (Q)

3XHGHQDFWXDURQR

GLVWULEXFLyQHVWDGtVWLFD

3UREDELOLGDGEDMDSHURDFFLyQ

ACCIDENTALES (A) LPSRUWDQWHSRUVXVHIHFWRV

VALOR CARACTERISTICO

Fk

3HVRSURSLR
(PSXMHWHUUHQRDFFLRQHV
WpUPLFDVDVLHQWRV
8VR6
1LHYH1
9LHQWR9
6LVPRVLQFHQGLRLPSDFWRV

*YDORUPHGLRSRFDGLVSHUVLyQRQRPLQDO

4YDORUFRQXQDGHWHUPLQDGDSUREDELOLGDGGHVHUVXSHUDGRGXUDQWHXQSHUtRGR
GHUHIHUHQFLDTXHGHSHQGHGHODYLGD~WLO\GXUDFLyQGHODFDUJD
x 6REUHFDUJDGHXVR SRU
x 1LHYH\YLHQWR

SRUSHUtRGRGHUHWRUQRGHDxRV
6HGHWDOODQHQHO&7(6($($QHMR$


22

$&&,21(63(50$1(17(6
62%5(&$5*$'(862 

Anejo A1, A2

z

8QLGDGHVNJP N1P
$&&,21(63(50$1(17(6G
3HVRSURSLRRFDUJDJUDYLWDWRULDGHODFRQVWUXFFLyQ
(VWUXFWXUDSUHGLPHQVLRQDGR
(OHPHQWRVFRQVWUXFWLYRV7DEODV$$
&XELHUWDSHVRFKDSDJDOYDQL]DGDRGHOSDQHOViQGZLFKDNJP

62%5(&$5*$'(862S
&DUJD YDULDEOH HQ HO WLHPSR \ ORFDOL]DFLyQ TXH VH UHILHUH DO SHVR GH SHUVRQDV
PRELOLDULRLQVWDODFLRQHVQRILMDVRPDWHULDODOPDFHQDGR
=RQDVUHVLGHQFLDOHV\DGPLQLVWUDWLYDVN1P

8QLIRUPH

&XELHUWDV*DFFHVLEOHVVyORFRQVHUYDFLyQ


NJP

&XELHUWDVFRQLQFOLQDFLyQLQIHULRUD
* &XELHUWDV OLJHUDV VREUH FRUUHDV VLQ IRUMDGR

3HVRFHUUDPLHQWRPHQRUGHNJP

N1P

NJP N1P
NJP

*&XELHUWDVFRQLQFOLQDFLyQVXSHULRUD

N1P


23

$&&,21(66(*1&7(6($($QHMR$
62%5(&$5*$'(1,(9(HQHVWUXFWXUDVOLJHUDV

Anejo A3

z

TQ PVN
TQ &DUJDGHQLHYHSRUXQLGDGGHVXSHUILFLHGHSUR\HFFLyQKRUL]RQWDO
VN 9DORUFDUDFWHUtVWLFRGHODFDUJDGHQLHYHVREUHXQWHUUHQRKRUL]RQWDO9HU0DSD
P &RHILFLHQWHGHIRUPD&RQVLGHUDHOGHSyVLWRLUUHJXODUGHQLHYHSRUHIHFWRGHOYLHQWR
7LSRVXSHUILFLH
3XHGHGHVOL]DUODQLHYH
,PSHGLGR
,QGHSHQG
$QJXORFXELHUWD
dDd
dDd
Dt



&RHILFLHQWHP
D

















24


































$OWLWXG
P



























=RQDGHFOLPDLQYHUQDO
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     

$&&,21(66(*16($(
1,(9(     

Complemento

z

$6,0(75$
6H WHQGUiQ HQ FXHQWD ODV GLVWULEXFLRQHV DVLPpWULFDV GH QLHYH HIHFWR
GHOYLHQWRUHGXFLHQGRDODPLWDGHOIDFWRUGHIRUPDPHQODVSDUWHVHQ
TXHODDFFLyQVHDIDYRUDEOH
)LJXUD +LSyWHVLV + GH WRGD OD FXELHUWD FDUJDGD \ + FRQ PLWDG GH
FDUJDTXHDIHFWDDODPLWDGGHOIDOGyQRDVyORXQRGHORVIDOGRQHV
$IHFWD D HVWUXFWXUDV FRQ EDUUDV VHQVLEOHV D FDUJDV QR VLPpWULFDV
SLODU FHQWUDO GH SyUWLFRV GREOHV D GRV DJXDV PDUTXHVLQDV FRQ SLODU
FHQWUDO
6LHVVLPpWULFR0 HQHOSLODUSRUFRPSHQVDUVHDFDGDODGRGHOHMH



25

9,(172$QHMR$
35(6,21',1$0,&$35(6,21(67$7,&$ 

Anejo A.4

3UHVLyQGLQiPLFDGHOYLHQWRTE
6LPSOLILFDGDPHQWHNJP
'HIRUPDPiVSUHFLVDYHUPDSD
'HSHQGH GH OD YHORFLGDG EiVLFD
GHOYLHQWRYPV
(VSHUSHQGLFXODUDODVXSHUILFLH

&
%

3UHVLyQHVWiWLFDTH

TH TEFHFS
TE3UHVLyQGLQiPLFDGHOYLHQWR
FH &RHILFLHQWH GH H[SRVLFLyQ
6HJ~Q OD DOWXUD GHO SXQWR
FRQVLGHUDGR \ HO JUDGR GH
DVSHUH]DGHOHQWRUQR
FS&RHILFLHQWHHyOLFRRGHSUHVLyQ
'HSHQGH GH OD IRUPD RULHQ
WDFLyQ GH OD VXSHUILFLH UHV
SHFWRDOYLHQWR\GHODVLWXD
FLyQ GHO SXQWR UHVSHFWR D
ORVERUGHV]RQDVHyOLFDV

26

z

$
%
$


=RQD$
=RQD%
=RQD&

9HORFLGDGEiVLFDGHO 3UHVLyQGLQiPLFD
YLHQWRHQPV
HQN1P
NPK
NJP
NPK
NJP
NPK
NJP

9,(172$QHMR$
&2(),&,(17('((;326,&,1 

Anejo A.4.3

z

&RHILFLHQWHGHH[SRVLFLyQFH'HSHQGHGH
/DDOWXUDGHOSXQWRFRQVLGHUDGRDXPHQWDFRQODDOWXUD
*UDGRGHDVSHUH]DGHOHQWRUQR

,
,,
,,,
,9
9

*UDGRGHDVSHUH]DGHOHQWRUQR
%RUGHGHOPDUODJRDQFKXUDGHDJXDHQODGLUHFFLyQGHOYLHQWRGHDOPHQRVNP
7HUUHQRUXUDOOODQRVLQREVWiFXORVQLDUERODGRGHLPSRUWDQFLD
=RQDUXUDODFFLGHQWDGDROODQDFRQREVWiFXORVDLVODGRViUEROHVRFRQVWUXFFLRQHVSHTXHxDV
=RQDXUEDQDHQJHQHUDOLQGXVWULDORIRUHVWDO
&HQWURGHQHJRFLRGHJUDQGHVFLXGDGHVFRQSURIXVLyQGHHGLILFLRVGHSHTXHxDDOWXUD

KP
,
,,
,,,
,9
9

1






2






3






4






5






6






7






8






9






10






11






12






13






14






15






1DYHV+DELWXDOPHQWH]RQD, , , y, 9 'LIHUHQFLDQRWDEOHGHYDORU

6HJ~QHO(XURFyGLJRVHDGRSWDUiXQYDORU~QLFRUHIHULGRDODDOWXUDGHOHGLILFLR

27

9,(172$QHMR$
&2(),&,(17(6(2/,&262'(35(6,1 

Anejo A.4.3

z

(QFRQVWUXFFLRQHVFHUUDGDVVLQKXHFRVFSGHSHQGHGH

9'HODIRUPDGHOHGLILFLRFXELHUWDSODQDDXQDJXDDGRVDJXDVP~OWLSOHFXUYD
9'HODGLUHFFLyQGHOYLHQWREDUORYHQWRVRWDYHQWR
9'HODLQFOLQDFLyQYDORUPi[LPRHQXQiQJXORGHrFRQODGLUHFFLyQGHOYLHQWR
9'HOD]RQDHQFDGDSDUDPHQWR6HGLYLGHHQ=RQDVHyOLFDV
)DFKDGD 3DUDOHORDOYLHQWR $%& 
1RUPDODOYLHQWR '(
&XELHUWD %DUORYHQWR 

)*+ 
6RWDYHQWR 

,-
/DV ]RQDV PiV FHUFDQDVD ORV ERUGHV R DULVWDV GH OD QDYH $ )* - WLHQHQ
PD\RUFSSHURVXiUHDHVPXFKRPHQRU
9&XDQGROD]RQDHVGHUHDPFSHVPD\RUH[SUHVLyQ6($(
9/DV]RQDVSHTXHxDV$)*\-DIHFWDQORFDOPHQWHDORVHOHPHQWRVHQHVD]RQD
FRUUHDVFDUSLQWHUtDVVXMHFLRQHVWRUQLOORVJUDSDV
9(VWUXFWXUDSULQFLSDO
(O&7(QRH[SOLFDFyPRVHDSOLFD
/RVFSGHFDGD]RQDVRQYDORUHVPi[LPRVSHURQRVLPXOWiQHRV
'HIRUPDEDVWDQWHFRQVHUYDGRUDVHDGRSWDQHVRVYDORUHVPi[LPRV
6HFDOFXODQODVGLPHQVLRQHVGHFDGD]RQD\DSOLFDVXFDUJDDODHVWUXFWXUD

28


Tabla A.8
9,(172$QHMR$
&RHILFLHQWHVHyOLFRVHQ3$5$0(17269(57,&$/(6  z

KG DOWXUD WRWDO GLYLGLGD SRU OD DQFKXUD VHJ~Q OD

GLUHFFLyQSDUDOHODDOYLHQWRHVEHOWH]HVVXFFLyQ
T

KG

)DFKDGDVODWHUDOHV
$
%
&


d 





)DFKDGDVIURQWDOHV
'
(









9%DUORYHQWR' SUHVLyQ 
>@
6RWDYHQWR(
VXFFLyQ 
>@
/DWHUDOHV$%&VXFFLyQ
9/DVGLPHQVLRQHVGHFDGD]RQDGHSHQGHGHH
H PLQ>EK@
/RKDELWXDOHVE!KoH K
9)yUPXODVSDUDLQWHUSRODU
%DUORYHQWR' FS' KG
6RWDYHQWR( FS( KG
9)DFKDGDVSDUDOHODVDOYLHQWRVHDGRSWDFS HQ
%TXHDIHFWDUiDYDULRVSLODUHVHQHVD]RQD




29

9,(172&2(),&,(17(6(/,&26$QHMR$
&8%,(57$63/$1$6\$'26$*8$6   
D
Plana
D < 5

(8.7%)

(27%)

)

=21$
* +
,

  

Tablas A9, A10

z

-





    







 

   



  









x 'RV+LSyWHVLV90i[VXFFLyQ90i[SUHVLyQ
x %DUORYHQWR)*+SODQDRSRFRD 
VXFFLyQ
x 6RWDYHQWR,-

210

DPHGLRRDOWR 
SUHVLyQ
SODQD VXFFLyQSUHVLyQr
DPHGLRRDOWR 
SUHVLyQ

9,(172
&216758&&,21(6&21+8(&26 

7.5.2

z

Ejemplo: hueco slo en una fachada (Coeficientes de presin interior):

Esbeltez en el plano rea de huecos en zonas de succin respecto al rea total de huecos del edificio
paralelo al viento
         

          
d
          
t
Ejemplo: edificio O = 0.75, una
fachada abierta (izquierda), se
considera dos sentidos del viento:
f Hueco situado a barlovento
(Sentido viento izq.-der.):
segn tabla, el rea de huecos
en la zona de succin respecto
al total es 0, siendo cpi = 0.7.
f Hueco situado a sotavento
(Sentido viento der.-izq.): el
rea de huecos en la zona de
succin respecto al total es 1,
siendo cpi = -0.5.
f El total en fachadas no vara.

211


2.3.2

%$6(6'(&/&8/2$&&,21(6
9$/255(35(6(17$7,92)$&725GH6,08/7$1(,'$'z
VALOR REPRESENTATIVO &7(6(

Fr

\ i Fk

/DSUREDELOLGDGGHTXHRFXUUDQYDULDVDFFLRQHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV)NYDULDEOHVDOD
YH]HVPiVEDMDTXHFXDQGRVHSUHVHQWDQDLVODGDV
\ HV HO IDFWRU GH VLPXOWDQHLGDG \ d  TXH UHGXFH XQD DFFLyQ YDULDEOH VL VH
SUHVHQWDMXQWDDRWUDVDFFLRQHVYDULDEOHV

\  QRKD\UHGXFFLyQ
f&DUJDVSHUPDQHQWHV\DFFLGHQWDOHV 

f$FFLRQHVYDULDEOHV46LWXDFLyQSHUVLVWHQWHRWUDQVLWRULD
6HHVWDEOHFHQFRPELQDFLRQHVGHFDUJDTXHUHSUHVHQWDQFDGDHVWDGROtPLWH

(OPpWRGRGHO&7(6(HV
8QDDFFLyQYDULDEOH4HVODSULQFLSDOFDGDFRPELQDFLyQVHWRPDXQD
(VODDFFLyQDETERMINANTE VLQUHGXFFLyQGHVXYDORUFDUDFWHUtVWLFR
\  
$GRSWDVXYDORUFDUDFWHUtVWLFR 


(OUHVWRGH4VRQDFRPSDxDQWHV
(VHOYDORUGH&20%,1$&,21VHUHGXFHVXYDORUFDUDFWHUtVWLFR
$GRSWDVXYDORUUHSUHVHQWDWLYR

212

\

YHU7DEOD


2.3.2

%$6(6'(&/&8/2$&&,21(6
9$/25(65(35(6(17$7,926 

COEFICIENTESDESIMULTANEIDAD\i: 

Fr

\ i Fk

z


VALORES REPRESENTATIVOS DE LAS ACCIONES VARIABLES ACOMPAANTES
/RFDOL]DFLyQ6($(

&DWHJRUtD

=RQDVUHVLGHQFLDOHV
=RQDVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDV
=RQDVGHVWLQDGDVDOXVRS~EOLFR
=RQDVFRPHUFLDOHV
/RFDOHVDOPDFpQ(&
&XELHUWDVWUDQVLWDEOHV
&XELHUWDVDFFHVLEOHVVRORSDUDPDQWHQLPLHQWR
1LHYH
3DUDDOWLWXGHV!P
3DUDDOWLWXGHVdP
9LHQWR

$
%
&
'

)
*

&RHILFLHQWHVGH
VLPXOWDQHLGDG
\
\
\

 

 

 

 

 
6HJ~QXVR







 







x6REUHFDUJDGHXVRFXELHUWDVFDWHJRUtD*FRPRDFFLyQYDULDEOHDFRPSDxDQWH
\L HVGHFLUQRVHFRQVLGHUD
x/DQLHYHVHUHGXFHXQ\HOYLHQWRXQ

213

%$6(6'(&/&8/2$&&,21(6
9$/25(6'(&$/&8/2)G   

COEFICIENTESDESEGURIDADJf:

)G

2.3.3

J I \ L )N

z

&2(),&,(17(63$5&,$/(6'(6(*85,'$'JI

7LSRGHDFFLyQ

3HUPDQHQWH
9DULDEOH

3HVRSURSLR
(PSXMHGHOWHUUHQR
3UHVLyQGHODJXD

6LWXDFLyQSHUVLVWHQWHR
WUDQVLWRULD
'HVIDYRUDEOH )DYRUDEOH









x 'HVIDYRUDEOHDFFLyQTXHDXPHQWDORVHIHFWRVVREUHHOHVWDGROtPLWHFRQVLGHUDGR
x )DYRUDEOHDFFLyQFX\RVHIHFWRVVHUHVWDQRUHGXFHQODDFFLyQGHVIDYRUDEOH
x 8QDDFFLyQSXHGHVHURQRGHVIDYRUDEOHVHJ~QHOSXQWRDQDOL]DGRGHODHVWUXFWXUD
x &XDQGRHOSHVRSURSLRHVIDYRUDEOHVXFFLyQGHOYLHQWRHQFXELHUWDVHPLQRUDSRU
6LXQDDFFLyQYDULDEOH61HVIDYRUDEOHIUHQWHDODVXFFLyQGHOYLHQWRHVQXOD
x/RVHVIXHU]RV10DOFRPSUREDUXQDYLJDGHEHQVHUGHOD0,60$FRPELQDFLyQ
x(Q(/6ORVFRHILFLHQWHVJIYDOHQODXQLGDGQRVHPD\RUD

214


2.3.4

$&&,21(6
&20%,1$&,21(6'(&$5*$&7(6( 

z

&RQMXQWRGHDFFLRQHVFRPSDWLEOHVTXHDFW~DQDODYH]HQXQDVLWXDFLyQOtPLWH

(/8

6HIRUPXODQWRGDVODVFRPELQDFLRQHVGHFDUJDVQHFHVDULDVPDQXDOSURJUDPD
'HVSXpVGHOFiOFXOR\GLPHQVLRQDGRXQDGHHOODVVHUiODSHRU
x&DGDFRPELQDFLyQHVXQ(/7RGDVODVDFFLRQHVVHPD\RUDQ(/6o
x6LHPSUHH[LVWH*/DV4SXHGHQDFWXDUDLVODGDVRHQFRPELQDFLRQHVFRPSDWLEOHV
6LWXDFLyQ
SHUVLVWHQWHR
WUDQVLWRULD

(/6

6LVPR$(.

8QDDFFLyQYDULDEOH
J G  j G k  j  J Q i Qk i 

j t
4NL
'RVRPiVDFFLRQHV
J G  j G k  j  J Q  Qk   \  i J Q i Qk i 

YDULDEOHVVLHQGR4N
j t
i t
ODGHWHUPLQDQWH
J G  j Gk  j  J A AE  K  \ i J Q i Qk i 
j t

i t

&RPELQDFLyQ
8QDDFFLyQYDULDEOH
J G  j G k  j  J Q i Qk i 

SRFRSUREDEOHR
j t
4NL
FDUDFWHUtVWLFD
'RVRPiVDFFLRQHV

YDULDEOHVVLHQGR4N J G  j G k  j  J Q  Qk   \  i J Q i Qk i 
j t
i t
ODGHWHUPLQDQWH
&RPELQDFLyQ
J G  j G k  j  \   i J Q  i Q k  i 

j t
i t
FXDVLSHUPDQHQWH


215


2.3.4

(-(03/23$5$81$1$9(
&20%,1$&,21(6&$5$&7(567,&$6 

z

(VWDEOHFHUWRGDVODVFRPELQDFLRQHVSRVLEOHVHQ(/8GHXQDQDYH
$&&,21(6*619
*3HUPDQHQWH
66REUHFDUJDGHXVR
11LHYHKP
99LHQWR99

8VR
9LHQWR
1LHYH
1

(Q(/6WRGRVORVJI 


216
















9DULDEOH
SULQFLSDO
6
1
9
9
6
1
9
6
1
9

\

JI )DFWRUILQDO\JI

6  
9
 
1
 





&RPELQDFLRQHV\6 
*6
*1
*9
*9(Succin)
*61
*69
*16
*19(Nieve nn)
*91(Viento nn)
*96
*619(Peor)
*169
*916


2.4

$&(525(6,67(1&,$
       

z

9DORUFDUDFWHUtVWLFRHVXQIUDFWLOGHWHUPLQDGRGHTXHVHSUHVHQWHQYDORUHVPiVEDMRV
GHODUHVLVWHQFLD(QDFHURVXQLYHOGHFRQILDQ]DHVGH6HXVDQGRVYDORUHV
I\ 7HQVLyQHQHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRGHOPDWHULDO
IX
5HVLVWHQFLD~OWLPDGHOPDWHULDOSHUQRVIXESDUDWRUQLOORV
9DORUGHFiOFXORUHVLVWHQFLDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGLYLGLGDSRUHOFRHILFLHQWHGHVHJXULGDGJ0
&RPSUREDFLRQHVHQ

5HVLVWHQFLDGHFiOFXORI\G

Resistencia (rgimen elstico o plstico)

fyd

fy J M  

Inestabilidad

fyd

fy J M  

Resistencia ltima del material o de uniones

f ud

fu J M 


Designacin CTE EC-3 EAE

Aplicacin relativa a:

J0



 1.05 5HVLVWHQFLD

J0



 1.05 ,QHVWDELOLGDGSDQGHRYXHOFRDEROODGXUD

J0

5HVLVWHQFLD~OWLPDGHOPDWHULDO\XQLRQHV

1.25

f yd

fy

J M J M




 N  mm 

 kg  cm 


217

$37,78'3$5$(/6(59,&,2
        

2.5.2, 2.5.2.1, 2.5.2.2

z

$SWLWXGDOVHUYLFLR
'HIRUPDFLRQHVGHEHQFXPSOLUORVOtPLWHVHVWDEOHFLGRV
/RVOtPLWHVORVHVWDEOHFHODSURSLHGDGRHOSUR\HFWLVWD
$OJXQDVQRUPDWLYDVUHFRPLHQGDQYDORUHVOtPLWHV
'()250$&,21(6


)OHFKDUHODWLYD9LJDUHVSHFWRDVXVH[WUHPRVILMRV0DUTXHVLQDVyORGHOYXHOR
)OHFKD DEVROXWD GHVSOD]DPLHQWR WRWDO GH XQ SXQWR GH OD HVWUXFWXUD VXPD GH OD
UHODWLYD\ODGHDUUDVWUH
)OHFKDDFWLYDODH[LVWHQWHGHVSXpVGHODSXHVWDHQREUDGHOHOHPHQWR6LHVH[FHVLYD
SXHGHSURGXFLUGDxRVHQHOHOHPHQWR

218

)/(&+$69(57,&$/(6
9$/25(6/,0,7(6  

2.5.2.3

z

)/(&+$9(57,&$/
/21*,78' / D DGRSWDU HQ OD FRPSUREDFLyQ GH OD IOHFKD HQ YLJDV L HV OD OX] R
ORQJLWXGGHODviga. En naves, L HVODOX]GHOSyUWLFR

 ,QWHJULGDG GH ORV HOHPHQWRV FRQVWUXFWLYRV  combinacin caracterstica FRQ OD

IOHFKDDFWLYDTXHGHEHVHUPHQRUTXH
3LVRVFRQWDELTXHVIUiJLOHVJUDQIRUPDWRSODFDVRUDVLOORQHV
SDYLPHQWRUtJLGRVLQMXQWDV

/

7DELTXHVRUGLQDULRV\SDYLPHQWRVUtJLGRVFRQMXQWDV

/

5HVWRGHORVFDVRVHMHPSORIRUMDGRVGHFXELHUWD

/

1RWD (Q YLJDV SDUD VLPSOLILFDU FRQ OD IOHFKD UHODWLYD WRWDO HQ WDELTXHV \
SDYLPHQWRVRUGLQDULRV/
 $SDULHQFLD GH OD REUD HQ QDYHV SDUD OLPLWDU XQ HIHFWR YLVXDO QHJDWLYR
DSOLFDUHPRVcombinaciones caractersticasFRQHOYDORUOtPLWH(&/


219

)/(&+$6+25,=217$/(6R'(63/20(6
9$/25(6/,0,7(6       

2.5.2.4

z

 ,QWHJULGDG GH ORV HOHPHQWRV FRQVWUXFWLYRV FRQ combinacin caracterstica HO

GHVSORPHHVPHQRUTXH
'HVSORPHWRWDOUHIHULGRDODDOWXUDWRWDOGHOHGLILFLRK7RWDO
K7RWDO
'HVSORPHORFDOUHIHULGRDFXDOTXLHUSODQWDGHDOWXUDK3ODQWD
K3ODQWD
(GLILFLRGHXQDDOWXUDKPX\UHVWULFWLYR(VPiVDGHFXDGRKHQQDYHV
6HFRPSDUDFRQODIOHFKDDFWLYDSDUHGGHODGULOOREORTXHGHKRUPLJyQFULVWDOHUD
HWF3XHGHFRQVLGHUDUVHODIOHFKDUHODWLYDWRWDOFRQODOLPLWDFLyQGHK
 $SDULHQFLDGHODREUDHQQDYHVSDUDHO (&HOOtPLWHUHFRPHQGDGRSDUDIOHFKD
KRUL]RQWDOHQHOH[WUHPRVXSHULRUGHSLODUHVGHHVWUXFWXUDVDSRUWLFDGDVK/D
DSOLFDUHPRV FRQ FHUUDPLHQWRV GH FKDSD PHWiOLFD R SDQHO SUHIDEULFDGR GH
KRUPLJyQ\combinacin caracterstica

220


2.6

9(5,),&$&,1'(/$

(67$%,/,'$'+25,=217$/

z

x /RVHVIXHU]RVKRUL]RQWDOHVYLHQWRVLVPRHPSXMHGHOWHUUHQRRGHPDWHULDV
DOPDFHQDGDVGHEHQVHUcanalizadosKDFLDODFLPHQWDFLyQ(/8HTXLOLEULR
x /RVGHVSORPHVQRGHEHQVHUH[FHVLYRV(VWUXFWUDVODFLRQDOLQWUDVODFLRQDO
x )RUPDVGHLQPRYLOL]DFLyQ











1XGRVUtJLGRVHOPiVKDELWXDOSRUIXQFLRQDOSHURPHQRVHIHFWLYR
5LRVWUDV UHVWULQJLGR D IDFKDGDV \ FXELHUWDV 3XHGH HQWRUSHFHU OD
HMHFXFLyQGHORVFHUUDPLHQWRV(VKDELWXDOHQQDYHV
0XURVGLDIUDJPDVRSDQWDOODVPiVFRVWRVR\HOPiVHIHFWLYR




221

$1$/,6,6(6758&785$/

   

2.7

z

&RQVLVWHHQREWHQHUHVIXHU]RV\GHVSOD]DPLHQWRVSDUDHIHFWXDUHOGLPHQVLRQDGR
6H EDVD HQ PRGHORV FRQ GHILQLFLyQ GH VXILFLHQWH SUHFLVLyQ GHO FRPSRUWDPLHQWR
FRQVLGHUDQODVYDULDEOHV\ORVHVWDGRVOtPLWHVPiVVLJQLILFDWLYRV
2EMHWLYRGHOGLPHQVLRQDGRHVWDEOHFHUORVSHUILOHVDGHFXDGRV
x (VWUXFWXUDVisostticasORVHVIXHU]RVQRGHSHQGHQGHOSHUILO
x (VWUXFWXUDV hiperestticas QHFHVDULR predimensionar OD HVWUXFWXUD $O FDPELDU
ORVSHUILOHVORVHVIXHU]RVVHPRGLILFDQ
'HIRUPDFLRQHVHVQHFHVDULRFRQRFHUORVSHUILOHVHQFXDOTXLHUHVWUXFWXUD

ANLISIS ELSTICO, LINEAL, ESTTICO Y DE 1 ORDEN

8Q LQFUHPHQWR GH ODV FDUJDV HVIXHU]RV UHDFFLRQHV WHQVLRQHV DXPHQWDQ HQ LJXDO
SURSRUFLyQVXSRQHXQLQFUHPHQWROLQHDOSURSRUFLRQDOGHODVGHIRUPDFLRQHV
 ElasticidadUHJUHVRDODSRVLFLyQLQLFLDOVLQGHIRUPDU6LQGHIRUPDFLRQHVUHVLGXDOHV
Linealidad:UHODFLyQOLQHDOWHQVLRQHV\GHIRUPDFLRQHV(V = EH
 Esttico:HOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODHVWUXFWXUDQRHVWiDIHFWDGRSRUODYDULDFLyQGHODV
DFFLRQHVFRQHOWLHPSR&iOFXORGLQiPLFRVLVPRYLHQWRHQHVWUXFWXUDVHVEHOWDV
 1 orden:VLPSOLILFDFLyQGHIRUPXODUHOHTXLOLEULRGHIXHU]DVHQODSRVLFLyQLQLFLDOVLQ
GHIRUPDU(QSRVLFLyQGHIRUPDGD7HRUtDGHRUGHQ(MHPSORDQiOLVLV3'HOWD
(VWUXFWXUDVLQWUDVODFLRQDOHVno se muevenRSRFRWUDVODFLRQDOHVQDYHVRUGHQ

222

3/$67,&,'$'+,327(6,6
&203257$0,(172$$;,/ 



z

$1/,6,63/67,&2'(6(&&,21(6HOFiOFXORSOiVWLFRHVWUXFWXUDOHVSRFRKDELWXDO
+LSyWHVLVEiVLFDV
$0DWHULDO0RGHORHODVWRSOiVWLFRFRQXQ
GLDJUDPDVH
1) Recta de elasticidad lineal de pendiente o mdulo de elasticidad E
2) Una rama horizontal que representa
una plasticidad perfecta. Resiste
una tensin constante fy desde Hy
%'HIRUPDFLyQSODQD
6HFFLRQHVSODQDVDQWHVGHODGHIRUPDFLyQVLJXHQSODQDVGHVSXpVGHFDUJDUVH
$[LO
6HFFLyQGHXQDYLJDiUHD$VHSODVWLILFDFXDQGRVHQWRGDVODVILEUDVDOFDQ]DI\
/DPi[LPDUHVLVWHQFLDHVHOD[LOGHSODVWLILFDFLyQ1SO3DUDXQDVHFFLyQGHiUHDA

1SO $I\
/DVGHIRUPDFLRQHVHQHVWHLQVWDQWHVRQPX\JUDQGHVVLQDXPHQWRGHODFDUJD
x&RPSUHVLyQODYLJDSRGUtDVHULQHVWDEOHSDQGHRDQWHVGHDOFDQ]DU1SO
x(VWUXFWXUDVLVRVWiWLFDVHOFiOFXORSOiVWLFR\HOiVWLFRGDQLJXDOD[LOGHDJRWDPLHQWR


31



















32



&203257$0,(172(1)/(;,21
        

/H\VH

6HFFLyQUHFWD

5HEDQDGDHOHPHQWDO

9LJD




z

&203257$0,(172(1)/(;,21
  5(6,67(1&,$$)/(;,1(/67,&$









































z

Wel fy

Mel






&RPSRUWDPLHQWR
(/67,&2

33

&203257$0,(172(1)/(;,21
         



















34

































&RPSRUWDPLHQWR
6(0,3/67,&2

z

&203257$0,(172(1)/(;,21
 3/$67,&,'$'&203/(7$



z





















35

&203257$0,(172(1)/(;,21
  5(6,67(1&,$$)/(;,13/67,&$
Eje neutro z:

G$ I

 $  $   I\
$

$

Momento de plastificacin:

] G$ I

0SO

0SO

6  6  I\

0SO

:SO I\

6HFFLRQHVVLPpWULFDV



M pl

 S fy
M
 el

36

W pl fy
Wel fy



z




)$&725'()250$
      

z

Factor de forma f:

M pl

W pl

Mel

Wel 

x5HODFLyQ HQWUH HO PRPHQWR

UHVLVWHQWHSOiVWLFR\HOiVWLFR
x([SUHVDFXDQWRSXHGHFUHFHUHO
IOHFWRU UHVLVWLGR HQWUH HO OtPLWH
HOiVWLFR\ODUHVLVWHQFLD~OWLPD
x$OJXQRV WLSRV GH VHFFLRQHV QR
GHVDUUROODQSODVWLFLGDGFRPSOHWD
x6L VH GLPHQVLRQD HQ GRPLQLR
HOiVWLFR XQ I HV XQD VHFFLyQ
GHSREUHUHQGLPLHQWR
x6XHOH VLWXDUVH HQWUH HO  \
 PHQRU SDUD GREOHV 7 \
PD\RUSDUDORVWXERV
3HUILO
I

,31

,3(

+(%

831

6+6

5+6

     




37

(-(03/2&/&8/2020(172(/67,&2<3/67,&2
                z
(MHPSOR
Calcular Mel y Mpl de un IPE-300
0RPHQWRHOiVWLFR
0HO :HOI\G :HOI\J0 FPNJFP NJFP P7
0RPHQWRSOiVWLFR
0SO :SOI\G :SOI\J0 FPNJFP NJFP P7
)DFWRUGHIRUPD

0 SO

:SO

0 HO

: HO




 

'LPHQVLRQHVHQPP
,3(







38

K

E

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

6HF 3HVR
$ 3
WZ WI U
FP NJP ,\
FP 
     
     
     
    
    
    
    


5HIHULGRDOHMH
<<
==
:\ L\
,] :]
FP FP FP FP
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

L]
FP








:SO\ :SO]
FP FP
















(-(03/2'(',0(16,21$'2
9,*$$)/(;,1    

z

Dimensionar una jcena de extremos articulados que soporta un forjado

x /X]RORQJLWXGGHODYLJD/ P
x 6HSDUDFLyQWUDQVYHUVDOHQWUHYLJDVV P

$FFLRQHV
x Permanentes:
G = 250 (forjado) +100 (pavimento)
+ 100 (tabiquera)= 450 kg/m2
x Sobrecarga de uso: S = 400 kg/m2
6HYDDHQVD\DUFRQXQ,3(
(/8 FRPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLD
TG
0G
0G

          

 NJ  P

TG /
    
 NJP


  P7 d 0 SO   

 P7

L5

  d 

0 G  0 SO

9/,'2

QGLFHUHVLVWHQWHL5dHVODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOIOHFWRUDFWXDQWH0G\HOUHVLVWLGR0SO
(/6 FRPSUREDFLyQIOHFKDDFWLYDIOHFKDOtPLWH/
* SDYLPHQWRWDELTXHUtD NJP
 T /          
 ( ,          

  P 




  FP

9/,'2

39

'()250$&,21(63/67,&$6
         



z

(OiVWLFDVPpWRGRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVFDUJDXQLGDGGREOHLQWHJUDFLyQWHRUHPDVGH0|KU
3OiVWLFDVODVGHIRUPDFLRQHVHOiVWLFDVEDVWDQWHLQIHULRUHVDODVSOiVWLFDV


0SOHVXQFRQFHSWRWHyULFRFXUYDWXUDLQILQLWD
0X0RPHQWR~OWLPRGHFRODSVRFXUYDWXUDILQLWDPX\DOWDH\(QODSUiFWLFD0X0SO
/DVVHFFLRQHVSRGUiQWHQHURQRFDSDFLGDGGH

x3ODVWLILFDUVH'HSHQGHGHODHVWDELOLGDGJHRPpWULFDORFDODEROODGXUDRJOREDOSDQGHR

x*HQHUDUJUDQGHVGHIRUPDFLRQHVFXUYDWXUDVGXUDQWHODSODVWLILFDFLyQ
x&RQDPEDVFDSDFLGDGHVSRGUiUHGLVWULEXLUHOHVIXHU]RDVHFFLRQHVPHQRVFDUJDGDV
aumentandoODFDSDFLGDGGHFDUJDPi[LPDGHODHVWUXFWXUD
310

5278/$3/$67,&$
       



z

)RUPDFLyQGHODUyWXODSOiVWLFD

x 6HD XQD YLJD GH ORQJLWXG / FRQ

XQD FDUJD SXQWXDO FHQWUDO 3
FUHFLHQWH
x (O IOHFWRU FUHFH SURSRUFLRQDO
PHQWH GHVGH ORV DSR\RV DO
FHQWURGHOYDQR
x (O IOHFWRU Pi[LPR 0HO \ FDUJD
Pi[LPD HQ HO OtPLWH HOiVWLFR 3HO
VRQ YDORUHV FRQRFLGRV VHJ~Q OD
UHODFLyQ
3HO /
0HO  
 I\ :HO 

x /D FXUYDWXUD F SURSRUFLRQDO DO
IOHFWRUFUHFHOLQHDOPHQWH
x /DV GHIRUPDFLRQHV GH OD YLJD
VRQHOiVWLFDV

311

5278/$3/$67,&$
       
)RUPDFLyQGHODUyWXODSOiVWLFD

x 6HFFLRQHV HQWUH ' D & VH KDQ

SODVWLILFDGRSDUFLDOPHQWHURMR

x 5yWXODGHUR]DPLHQWRFRQVWDQWH0SO
x 6XDQFKXUDGHSHQGHGHfPD\RU
PiVDQFKDSHUILO,'' /

x (Q HVWUXFWXUDV LVRVWiWLFDV OD

FDUJD~OWLPD3SO 3X I3HOHVOD

FDUJD HQ HO OtPLWH HOiVWLFR SRU HO
IDFWRUGHIRUPD

x (VWUXFWXUDV KLSHUHVWiWLFDV OD FDUJD

~OWLPDSXHGHVHUEDVWDQWHVXSHULRUD
ODFDUJDHQHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFR

x /DV FXUYDWXUDV FUHFHQ UiSLGDPHQWH

HQOD]RQDSODVWLILFDGD

x (O FRODSVR RFXUUH DO IRUPDUVH

VXILFLHQWHV UyWXODV SOiVWLFDV SDUD
TXHODHVWUXFWXUDVHFRQYLHUWDHQXQ
PHFDQLVPRLQHVWDEOH

312



z

,17(5$&&,1$;,/)/(&725
       



z

x ,17(5$&&,21 UHVLVWHQFLD D OD FRPELQDFLyQ GH HVIXHU]RV NEd, MEd /D VHFFLyQ
SXHGHIDOODUDQWHVGHDOFDQ]DUNpl, Mpl
x(OSULQFLSLRGHsuperposicinQRHVDSOLFDEOHHQSODVWLFLGDG1RHVYiOLGRFRPSDUDU
SRUVHSDUDGRHOD[LONEdd1SO\HOIOHFWRUMEd d Mpl
x/DH[LVWHQFLDGHOD[LO1(GUHGXFHODFDSDFLGDGDIOH[LyQ1RVHDOFDQ]DMpl
0RPHQWRUHGXFLGR015Gd0SO
(VODUHVLVWHQFLDDIOH[LyQTXHHVPHQRUTXH0SOSRUODLQIOXHQFLDGHOD[LO
'HSHQGHGHOWLSRGHVHFFLyQ\FRPSRQHQWHGHOIOHFWRU0\0]
3XHGHFDOFXODUVH
([SUHVLyQH[DFWDH[WHQVD\SRFRSUiFWLFD
)yUPXODVVLPSOLILFDGDVHVSHFtILFDVGHO(&($(3URJUDPDV
([SUHVLyQJHQHUDOVLPSOLILFDGDGHFRPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLD($(H[SUHVLyQ
~QLFDHQYROYHQWHGHWRGRVORVFDVRVdel lado de la seguridad
6HFRPSRQHGHGRVWpUPLQRVR1',&(65(6,67(17(6HOHVHOtQGLFHGHOD[LO
\HOHVHOtQGLFHGHOIOHFWRU
3DUDYHULILFDUODFRPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLDVXVXPDQRGHEHVXSHUDU





NEd MEd

d o
Npl Mpl

NEd
MEd

d
A fyd Wpl fyd


313

,17(5$&&,1$;,/)/(&725
       



z

















x (VWDVFXUYDVVRQYiOLGDVHQVHFFLRQHVFDSDFHVGHSODVWLILFDUVHVLQDEROODUVHOR
TXHRFXUUHHQODPD\RUtDGHSHUILOHVODPLQDGRV\FRQIRUPDGRVHQIUtRQRGHOJDGRV
x(QODVFXUYDVHVSHFtILFDVSDUD0\VHYHULILFDTXHVLHOD[LOHVSHTXHxRQRUHGXFH
ODUHVLVWHQFLDDIOH[LyQ
x2FXUUHHQSyUWLFRVDGRVDJXDVSDUDQDYHVGHFXELHUWDOLJHUD(QHVRVFDVRVHO
tQGLFHGHOD[LOHVQXOR
314

3$1'(2'(81$3,(=$,'($/




z

)250$6'(,1(67$%,/,'$'
x *OREDO
SLH]DSDQGHR
x /RFDO 
HOHPHQWRVSLH]DDEROODGXUD
x (VWUXFWXUDOWRGDODHVWUXFWXUD
7(25,$'((8/(5
3LH]DLGHDOUHFWDVHFFLyQFRQVWDQWHPDWHULDO
KRPRJpQHRHLVyWURSRFDUJDFHQWUDGD

S

3FU

(,
/

$
o

/
L

/
o
,$

V FU
O

(
O

S
/ $
,

(VEHOWH]OtPLWHOOLPyOFU

I\

S

(
OOLP

O OLP

(
I\

$FHUR6
OOLP 


41




3/$126'(3$1'(2


3LH]DLGHDOHOSDQGHRRFXUUH

/N
L PD[ 

/N

0D\RUORQJLWXGGHSDQGHR

L

0HQRUUDGLRGHJLUR

/DGLUHFFLyQGHSDQGHRHVODSHRU
HQWUH ORV GRV HMHV SULQFLSDOHV GH
LQHUFLDGHODVHFFLyQ
3DQGHR GH SLH]DV GH GLYHUVRV
SHUILOHVSDUDPLVPD/No
3RUFRQYHQLR HOSDQGHRVH GHILQH
SRU HO HMH QRUPDO DO SODQR TXH
FRQWLHQHODGHIRUPDGDDSDQGHR
3$1'(26(*1</DGHIRUPDGD
VH HQFXHQWUD HQ HO SODQR QRUPDO
DOHMH<HOTXHFRQWLHQHHOHMH=
/D,3(\+SDQGHDVHJ~QHOHMH]DLJXDOGDGGHOUHVWRYDULDEOHV
42

z

3$1'(23,(=$5($/
',63(56,1(1(//,0,7((/67,&2 



z

/DFDUJDFUtWLFDGHODSLH]D5($/GLILHUHGHOD,'($/GHELGRDODVimperfecciones
'HODHVWUXFWXUDGHOPDWHULDOUHGXFHQ(\DXPHQWDODWHQVLyQFUtWLFDVFU
D'LVSHUVLyQGHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRI\SRUIDOWDGHKRPRJHQHLGDGGHOPDWHULDO
x $IHFWDDSLH]DVFRQVSRUHQFLPDGHVS|I\
x 6HFDPELDHQODIyUPXODGH(XOHU(SRU(U0yGXORUHGXFLGR
x /DFXUYDQRSUHVHQWDHOYpUWLFHOOLPTXHGLIHUHQFLDEDYLJDVFRUWDV\HVEHOWDV
x /DVFUGHVFLHQGHSDQGHDDQWHVSDUDHVEHOWHFHVHQWUH\DSUR[

43




,03(5)(&&,21(6'(/$(6758&785$'(/0$7(5,$/
7(16,21(65(6,'8$/(6        z
E7HQVLRQHVUHVLGXDOHVGHSHUILOHVGHDFHURGHELGDVDOSURFHVRGHIDEULFDFLyQ


44




,03(5)(&&,21(6*(20(75,&$6
([FHQWULFLGDGGHODVFDUJDVHGHIRUPDFLRQHVLQLFLDOHVI

z

,PSHUIHFFLRQHVJHRPpWULFDV
E ([FHQWULFLGDG GH ODV FDUJDV R YDULD
FLyQ GHO SXQWR GH DSOLFDFLyQ GH ODV
FDUJDVUHVSHFWRDOFJGHODVHFFLyQ
,PSRVLELOLGDG UHDO GH TXH 3 VH VLW~H
H[DFWDPHQWHHQHOFJGHODVHFFLyQ
D )DOWD GH UHFWLWXG GH ODV SLH]DV
,QIOXHQFLDQRWDEOHHQODFDUJDFUtWLFD
'HELGR D OD IDEULFDFLyQ HO HMH GH ODV
YLJDVQRHVWRWDOPHQWHUHFWR


x 6HDQDOL]DQPHGLDQWHODUHVROXFLyQGH
ODHFXDFLyQGLIHUHQFLDOGHOSDQGHR
x 7RGRV ORV SXQWRV GH OD FXUYD OVFU VH
HQFXHQWUDQ DIHFWDGRV VREUH WRGR
SDUDHVEHOWHFHVSHTXHxDVRPHGLDV
x (O REMHWLYR \D QR HV FRQRFHU OD carga
crtica de pandeo VLQR KDVWD TXp
FDUJD VH UHVLVWH HQ IXQFLyQ GH WRGDV
ODVLPSHUIHFFLRQHV


45




0(72'2'(/(&
&859$6'(3$1'(2

z

&XUYDVTXHUHODFLRQDQOFRQ
&2(),&,(17(F'(3$1'(2
FRHILFLHQWH UHGXFWRU GH OD
WHQVLyQ HQ HO OtPLWH HOiVWLFR
GHO DFHUR I\ DO RFXUULU HO
IHQyPHQRGHSDQGHRVFUI\ F
/DSLH]DUHVLVWHFI\Fd
(VWDVFXUYDVGHSHQGHQGH
x 7HQVLRQHV UHVLGXDOHV JUDQ
LQIOXHQFLDHQODVFXUYDV
6HGHILQHQFXUYDVVHJ~QHO
WLSRGHSHUILODEF
D WHQVLRQHV UHVLGXDOHV
UHGXFLGDVFRPRORVWXERV
ODPLQDGRVHQFDOLHQWH
F WHQVLRQHV HOHYDGDV
FRPRORVSHUILOHVVROGDGRV\WXERVFRQIRUPDGRVHQIUtR
x 9DULDFLRQHVGHI\'HSHQGHQGHOHVSHVRUGHODSLH]D\PDJQLWXGGHI\/DWHQVLyQHQ
HOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRI\GLVPLQX\HDPD\RUHVSHVRU,QIOX\HQDOJRPHQRVHQHOSDQGHR
6HGHILQHQGRVFXUYDVGHSDQGHRPiVDRI\!1PP\GW!PP
46

)2508/$&,1'(/$($(y(&
          
El criterio de comprobacin es: 

N Ed
 N b Rd



z

NEd
d
F A f yd


1(G
(VIXHU]RD[LOPD\RUDGRTXHDFW~D
1E5G &DSDFLGDGDSDQGHRHQFRPSUHVLyQFHQWUDGD
 NEd
i&RPRFRPSUREDFLyQWHQVLRQDO F A d fyd 
iFdHVXQFRHILFLHQWHUHGXFWRUGHI\/DSLH]DVRSRUWDFI\FRPRSLH]DVLQSDQGHR
(OUHVWRGHODWHQVLyQKDVWDI\HVHOGHELGRDOSDQGHRFRQODVLPSHUIHFFLRQHV
O
Lk
Esbeltez reducida O
O(VEHOWH]GHODSLH]D O
/N/RQJLWXGGHSDQGHR
Ocr
i
OFU(VEHOWH]FUtWLFDGH(XOHUOOLPOFU S E  fy SDUD6OFU 
6HUHFRPLHQGD&7(
(VEHOWH]UHGXFLGDPi[LPDGHSDUDSLH]DVSULQFLSDOHV O SDUD6
(VEHOWH]UHGXFLGDPi[LPDGHSDUDULRVWUDV 

O SDUD6

Coeficiente de reduccin por pandeoFIyUPXODWDEODVRFXUYDV





N

I  I  O

d   I  > D ON    ON @ SDUD O t  6L O   o F 



47

&859$6'(3$1'(2
       



z

D&RHILFLHQWHGHSHQGLHQWHGHODFXUYDGHSDQGHRWLSRGHSHUILO\SODQRGHSDQGHR
&XUYDGHSDQGHR
9DORUHVGHD

DR


D
E
 

&XUYDVGHSDQGHRSDUD
GLYHUVRVWLSRVGHVHFFLRQHV
/D FXUYD GH SDQGHR SDUD XQ
SHUILODXPHQWDGHa0DdHV
PD\RU FRQ PiV WHQVLRQHV
UHVLGXDOHV PiV VROGDGXUDV
R GH JUDQ HVSHVRU R SRU HO
SURFHVR GH SOHJDGR HQ IUtR
HQSLH]DVFRQIRUPDGDV
x /DV ,3( H ,31 WLHQHQ
WHQVLRQHV UHVLGXDOHV PiV
UHGXFLGDVTXHODV+
x (OSDQGHR VHJ~Q] HVSHRU
TXH HO SDQGHR VHJ~Q \ 6H
GHEH D TXH VHJ~Q ] ODV
SXQWDV GH ODV DODV HVWiQ
EDVWDQWHFRPSULPLGDV
48

F


G


&859$6'(3$1'(2
       



z





x /DV FRPELQDFLRQHV GH SHUILOHV

WLHQHQ EDVWDQWHV FRUGRQHV GH
VROGDGXUDFXUYDF
x /RV WXERV ODPLQDGRV SLHUGHQ
UiSLGD \ XQLIRUPHPHQWH HO
FDORUWUDVHOODPLQDGRGHELGRD
VX JUDQ VXSHUILFLH \ SRFR
HVSHVRUFXUYDD
x /RVWXERVFRQIRUPDGRVHQIUtR
WLHQHQ WHQVLRQHV UHVLGXDOHV
GHELGRDORVSOLHJXHV\FRUGyQ
GH VROGDGXUD SDUD FHUUDU HO
WXERFXUYDF

x /DV VHFFLRQHV 831 7 \

PDFL]DV VRQ JHQHUDOPHQWH GH

JUDQHVSHVRUFXUYDFH[FHSWR
HO DQJXODU PHQRU HVSHVRU GH
VXVHULHGHSHUILOHVFXUYDE




49

(-(03/2
7$%/$6 



(MHPSOR




&DOFXODUODUHVLVWHQFLDD
FRPSUHVLyQGHXQD,3(
SDQGHRVHJ~Q\DFHUR6
SURSLHGDGHVYHU





















O




3LH]DELDUWLFXODGD/ P 
(VEHOWH]


O /NL\  

(VEHOWH]UHGXFLGD
O OOFU   

&RHILFLHQWHF

&XUYDD O  oF  
&DSDFLGDGDSDQGHR1E5G

1E5G FI\G$  
1E5G NJ

(O D[LO TXH VROLFLWD OD SLH]D 

1(GGHEHVHULQIHULRUD1E5G

1(G1E5Gd
410



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


z

Curvadepandeoa:































































































 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

352178$5,2'(3(5),/(6
3(5),/,3($QHMR



'LPHQVLRQHVHQPP


,3(



















K



















E

WZ

Seccin Peso
$
3
U
FP NJP

WI

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  


























































,\
FP



















5HIHULGRDOHMH
<<
==
:\
L\
,] :]
FP FP FP FP
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

:SO\

L] FP 
FP
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

411

(-(03/2&/&8/2$3$1'(2
(-(03/2      



z

(MHPSOR
3LODUGHSHUILO+($$FHUR6$OWXUDP
E\ 3ODQRSyUWLFRE] 3ODQRODWHUDO
(OD[LOVROLFLWDQWHHV1(G NJ
6ROXFLyQ

3(5),/

$UHD
FP

L\
L]
WZ
WI
FP FP PP PP

+($   





2EWHQFLyQGHODVHVEHOWHFHVUHGXFLGDV
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFRVHJ~Q\
3ODQRODWHUDOVHJ~Q]
 O] /N]L] FPFP 
 O FU  
O\ /N\L\ FPFP   O ] O ] O FU    

 O \ O \ O FU    
2EWHQFLyQGHOFRHILFLHQWHGHSDQGHRF
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFRVHJ~Q\KEOHFRUUHVSRQGHODcurva b

I\

 >  D \ O N\    O N\ @

F\

412

 >        @  




I \  I \  O N\

D 

    



(-(03/2&/&8/2$3$1'(2
(-(03/2FRQW    



z

3ODQRODWHUDOVHJ~Q]

KEOHFRUUHVSRQGHODcurva cD 
I ]  >        @  

F]



N]

I]  I]  O 



      

(OSDQGHRHQHOSODQRGHOSyUWLFRHVSHRUTXHHQHOSODQRODWHUDOHQHVWHFDVR

F\F]
$[LOGHSDQGHR1E5GJ0 
VLHQGRI\G I\J0  1PP
1E 5G

F \ $ I\G

  FP  NJ  FP

 NJ 

&RPSUREDFLyQ

1(G
1E5G




 d  9iOLGR

413

(-(03/2&/&8/2$3$1'(2
(-(03/2       



z

(MHPSOR
3(5),/ DPP WPP
[



$FP

L\ L]FP





&RPSDUDUXQDEDUUDELDUWLFXODGDE / PSHUILO[/DPLQDGRHQFDOLHQWH

IUHQWHDFRQIRUPDGRHQIUtR$FHUR6
6ROXFLyQ
O /NL FPFP
O 
O O O FU   
Laminado en caliente
FXUYDDD 
I   F  
VFU NJFP
1E 5G  NJ 
Conformado en fro
FXUYDFD 
I   F  
VFU NJFP
1E 5G  7 
414



98(/&2/$7(5$/
'(6&5,3&,21  

z

x 9LJDVRPHWLGDDIOH[LyQFRQXQcordnDODcomprimido\RWURWUDFFLRQDGR

x (OFRPSULPLGRSXHGHSDQGHDUODWHUDOPHQWH\VDOLUVHGHOSODQRGHODYLJD
x 6HRSRQHODSDUWHWUDFFLRQDGDGHODVHFFLyQTXHWLHQGHDHQGHUH]DUOD
x 3RUHOPRYLPLHQWRODWHUDOODVFDUJDVSURYRFDQWRUVLyQ/DVHFFLyQJLUDVREUHVXHMH
029,0,(1726'(/$6(&&,21
3RVLFLyQLQLFLDO

IOHFKDYHUWLFDOGHELGDDOIOHFWRU
3DQGHRODWHUDOFRQGRVPRYLPLHQWRVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRODWHUDO\JLURSRUWRUVLyQ

(QHVWHFXUVRQRVHFRQVLGHUDQHFHVDULRWHQHUHQFXHQWDHOYXHOFRODWHUDO


415


&RPSOHPHQWR

3$1'(2/$7(5$/
&8$17,),&$&,1 

z

Existe un momento crtico Mcrit similar a la carga crtica de Euler.

Es el valor del flector para el cual tiene lugar el pandeo lateral.
Clculo de secciones abiertas: expresin complicada de definir. La siguiente es una
envolvente del lado de la seguridad: viga biapoyada, L es la distancia entre dos puntos
inmovilizados, eje de simetra horizontal, ley de flectores constante:
S
M crit

E G I z IT

E, G: Mdulo de elasticidad y mdulo de rigidez transversal.

Iz:
Momento de inercia de toda la seccin respecto al eje z.
IT:
Mdulo de torsin.
Viga de seccin esbelta e insuficientemente inmovilizada, debe comprobarse.
El flector actuante MEd debido a las cargas exteriores debe ser inferior al Mcrit.
Mtodo de la SE-A: similar al pandeo a compresin (imperfecciones iniciales,
plastificacin de las fibras, tensiones residuales, etc). Se definen los coeficientes de
imperfeccin DLT y cuatro curvas de pandeo (a y b para perfiles laminados; c y d para
secciones armadas). Se usa el factor de reduccin por pandeo lateral FLT , que reduce fy.
Esbeltez reducida por pandeo lateral O LT : raz de la relacin [Mpl,Rd / Mcrit].
Naves: las vigas suelen estar arriostradas. No se aplicar por ser en general innecesario.
Precaucin con los programas de clculo que lo tienen en cuenta por defecto (correas).
416




98(/&2\3$1'(2/$7(5$/
$55,2675$0,(172    

z

5LRVWUDVHOHPHQWRVGHVXMHFLyQTXHOLPLWDQRHYLWDQHOYXHOFR\HOSDQGHRODWHUDO
9,*$'($/0$//(1$
-iFHQDDUULRVWUDGDVRSRUWDHOIRUMDGRDOTXHVHXQH
3257,&22&(/26,$
x3yUWLFR DOD VXSHULRU
FRPSULPLGDGHOGLQWHO
x&HORVtD &RUGyQ VXSHULRU
FRPSULPLGR
(TXLYDOHDOSDQGHRODWHUDO
(Q FXELHUWDV OLJHUDV VH
GLVSRQH GH XQ VLVWHPD GH
DUULRVWUDGRHQFXELHUWD


 CUBIERTA RIGIDA
/DORQJLWXGGHSDQGHRODWHUDOHVODVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHFRUUHDVVLVHYHULILFD
&HUUDPLHQWRUtJLGR
%LHQHQOD]DGRFRQILUPH]DDODFRUUHD
&RUUHDELHQXQLGDDOFRUGyQFRPSULPLGR
 CUBIERTA NO RIGIDAQRVHFXPSOHDOJXQDVGHODVFRQGLFLRQHVDQWHULRUHV
/DORQJLWXGGHSDQGHRODWHUDOHVODVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHULRVWUDV


417

98(/&2<3$1'(2/$7(5$/
5,2675$66(3$&,1<(6)8(5=2$5(6,67,5 

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

3XHGHHYLWDUVHROLPLWDUVHFRQHOHPHQWRVGHVXMHFLyQRULRVWUDV
3RGHPRVLQPRYLOL]DUHOFRUGyQFRPSULPLGRHQSXQWRVDLVODGRVDFLHUWDVHSDUDFLyQ
6HJ~QHO&7(6($ODIRUPXODFLyQGHOD($(HVPiVHODERUDGD
/dL
LUDGLRGHJLURGHOFRUGyQFRPSULPLGRUHVSHFWRDOHMHSULQFLSDOGHLQHUFLDFRQWHQLGR
HQHOSODQRGHODHVWUXFWXUD]
 9LJDGHDOPDOOHQDVHWRPDUiLUHVSHFWRDOHMHFRQWHQLGRHQHOSODQRGHODOPD
L L]EHVHODQFKRGHODOD
E   o / d  E


 &RUGyQFRPSULPLGRGHXQDFHORVtDHVHOUDGLRGHJLURGHOSHUILOUHVSHFWRDO
HMH]
 /DV ULRVWUDV VRSRUWDUiQ XQ HVIXHU]R TXH VHUi XQ SRUFHQWDMH GHO HVIXHU]R GH
FRPSUHVLyQ1(GTXHVROLFLWHHOHOHPHQWRRFRUGyQDHVWDELOL]DU
L

($

1(G
 

&7(

 

($((&

1(G
 

NP

1(G
N
  P

PQ~PHURGHHOHPHQWRVDHVWDELOL]DUP NP 


418




  


 d 
P

PANDEO LATERAL


$UULRVWUDPLHQWRGHVGHODFRUUHDGHOFRUGyQ
LQIHULRU FRPSULPLGR GH XQD HVWUXFWXUD
PHWiOLFD\XQDGHPDGHUD




419

$%2//$'85$
'(6&5,3&,21



z

x ,QHVWDELOLGDGHQHOHPHQWRVVXSHUILFLDOHVPHPEUDQDVVLPLODUSDQGHRGHYLJDV

x $IHFWDDSDUWHGHODVHFFLyQGHXQDYLJDDODRDOPDHVEHOWD\FRPSULPLGD
x 6LRFXUUHGXUDQWHODSODVWLILFDFLyQQRVHFRQVLJXHODUHVLVWHQFLDSOiVWLFD6LOQLI\
'(6&5,3&,21

x 3ODFD SODQD GH GpELO HVSHVRU VROLFLWDGD

HQ VXV ERUGHV SRU IXHU]DV FRSODQDULDV

SXHGH DEROODUVH FXDQGR ODV IXHU]DV
DOFDQ]DQHOYDORUFUtWLFR
x 3ODFD LGHDO GH PDWHULDO HOiVWLFR
KRPRJpQHR H LVyWURSR SODQLFLGDG
DEVROXWD HVSHVRU FRQVWDQWH \ FRQ
SHTXHxRVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVODWHUDOHV
x 'LIHUHQFLDVQRWDEOHVGHFRPSRUWDPLHQWR
` 8QR R PiV ERUGHV OLEUHV R DSR\RV SRFR
UtJLGRVVLPLODUDOSDQGHRGHXQDYLJD
`$SR\DGDHQVXVFXDWURERUGHVFRPLHQ]D
HO SDQGHR FRQ GpELOHV GHVSOD]DPLHQWRV
IXHUD GHO SODQR $O QR SRGHUVH GHIRUPDU
ORV ERUGHV ODV RQGDV WUDQVYHUVDOHV DXPHQWDQ VX ORQJLWXG \ WUDEDMDQ D WUDFFLyQ
LPSLGLHQGRHOSDQGHRRESISTENCIA POST-ABOLLAMIENTO
420

$%2//$'85$
$%2//$0,(172'(6(&&,21(6, 



z

x $OPD6HDVLPLODDXQDSODFDGHERUGHVDUWLFXODGRVXQLyQFRQODVDODV\VXVRWURV

GRVODGRVOtPLWHVGHOUHFXDGURTXHVHDEROOD
([LVWHQGLIHUHQFLDVVLVHWUDWDGHXQD[LOGHFRPSUHVLyQUHVSHFWRDODIOH[LyQGRQGH
ODSDUWHWUDFFLRQDGDVHRSRQHDOSURJUHVRGHODEROODPLHQWR

x $OD SODFD GH DQFKXUD  GHO DQFKR GHO DOD FRQ WUHV ERUGHV DUWLFXODGRV \ XQ
FXDUWROLEUH(VWiFDUJDGDD[LOPHQWHHQGRVGHVXVERUGHVDUWLFXODGRV

x 7XERVFXDGUDGRVUHFWDQJXODUHVIRUPDSODFDVDOPDVDSR\DGDVHQVXVFXDWURERUGHV

















421

TIPOS DE VIGAS A FLEXIN

$%2//$'85$





9LJDODPLQDGD


&HORVtD



9LJDDUPDGD









422

7LSRVGHYLJDVWUDEDMDQGRDIOH[LyQ




$EROODGXUDGHXQVLOR




$%2//$'85$
5(6,67(1&,$3267$%2//$0,(172 

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

9/DPD\RUtDGHSODFDVWUDEDMDQFRPRPHPEUDQDDPRGRGH

HPSDUULOODGR6RSRUWDQFDUJDVDGLFLRQDOHVVLQXQDFDUJD
FUtWLFDRFRODSVRUHSHQWLQR
9 /D WHQVLyQ FUtWLFD GH SDQGHR VFU GH XQD SODFD GH ODGR b \
HVSHVRU t  FDUJDGD D[LOPHQWH HQ GRV GH VXV ERUGHV
RSXHVWRVYDOH

S (
W

V(

 V FU N V V(

   Q   E
(

(
/
E
V ( YLJD S    (

 O ^ `

O
 Q
L
W  
V(  WHQVLyQ FUtWLFD (TXLYDOH D XQD FROXPQD GH DOWXUD b DQFKR XQLGDG ELDSR\DGD \
PyGXORGHHODVWLFLGDG(QTXHSDQGHDUtDFRQHOD[LOV(W
NVFRHILFLHQWHGHSDQGHR'HSHQGHGHOWLSRGHFDUJDSURSRUFLRQHVGHOUHFXDGURDE
\FRQGLFLRQHVGHFRQWRUQRHQORVERUGHVQRFDUJDGRV6LD|E
$SR\DGD $UWLFXODGD (PSRWUDGD
%LDSR\DGD %LHPSRWUDGD
HPSRWUDGD HQYRODGL]R HQYRODGL]R
NV 
NV 
NV  NV  NV 
9 3ODFD GH ERUGHV DSR\DGRV WHQVLyQ FUtWLFD FXDWUR YHFHV VXSHULRU TXH XQD YLJD
HTXLYDOHQWH
9 3ODFDV DODUJDGDV D!!E VH DEROODQ HQ YDULDV RQGDV DMXVWDGDV DO Q GH UHFXDGURV
FXDGUDGRVSRVLEOHV


423

$%2//$'85$
0e72'2'(&/&8/2 

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

0pWRGR QR OLQHDO FRQVLVWH HQ OD GHWHUPLQDFLyQ GH ODV FDUJDV GH DJRWDPLHQWR SRVW
FUtWLFDVHQEDVHDGHIRUPDFLRQHVWUDQVYHUVDOHVGHODSODFDGHORUGHQGHVXHVSHVRU
3ODFDDUWLFXODGDHQVXVFXDWURERUGHV\FDUJDGDD[LOPHQWH
~ ,QLFLR GH OD DEROODGXUD ODV ILEUDV FHQWUDOHV SDQGHDQ FRQ XQ UHSDUWR XQLIRUPH GH
WHQVLRQHVHQODVHFFLyQFHQWUDOQRUPDODODVWHQVLRQHV
~$XPHQWDPRVODFRPSUHVLyQHOHIHFWRPHPEUDQDIUHQDHOSURJUHVRGHOSDQGHRSHUR
ODVILEUDVFHQWUDOHVYHQOLPLWDGRHOLQFUHPHQWRGHVXWHQVLyQ


~7HQVLRQHVPiVDOWDVHQORVERUGHVIDOODQGRODSLH]DDOSODVWLILFDUVHDKt
~/DLQHVWDELOLGDGFRPRSODFDHVHQUHDOLGDGXQDSODVWLILFDFLyQSDUFLDO
~6HDVLPLODODOH\GHWHQVLRQHVDXQDGLVWULEXFLyQELUUHFWDQJXODUHTXLYDOHQWHGHLJXDO
VXSHUILFLHSHURODWHQVLyQVyORDFW~DHQXQDEDQGDHILFD]GHDQFKXUDEHII
~(&\OD($(DGRSWDQHVWHPpWRGRSDUDODYHULILFDFLyQGHODDEROODGXUD
424

$%2//$'85$
0e72'2'(&/&8/2 

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

$QWHVGHDOFDQ]DUHOOtPLWHHOiVWLFRI\
~/DVVHFFLRQHVTXHFXPSOHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVVLJXLHQWHV12VXIUHQGHDEROODGXUD
DQWHVGHDOFDQ]DUI\'LPHQVLRQHVEDQFKXUDWHVSHVRU



(-(03/2

(VIXHU]R
/LPLWDFLyQ
,3(6WI WZ K E 
$OPD

&RPSUHVLyQ b t d   f y 
)OH[LyQ

b t d   f y

   

 !   

     

 6,
 12

&RPSUHVLyQ b t d   f
            12
y 
RIOH[LyQ
~ 6HFFLRQHV TXH QR FXPSOHQ ODV OLPLWDFLRQHV PpWRGR GHO DQFKR HILFD] SDUD
DEROODGXUDGHELGDDWHQVLRQHVQRUPDOHVVYHU7HPD
~ &RPSUREDFLyQ GH VHFFLRQHV H[SUHVLRQHV JHQHUDOHV TXH GHSHQGHQ GH ORV
YDORUHVHILFDFHVGHOiUHD$HIPRPHQWRUHVLVWHQWH:HIHWFLQIHULRUHVDORVGH
ODVHFFLyQEUXWD
'XUDQWHHOSURFHVRGHSODVWLILFDFLyQ
~3DUDFRPSUREDUVLODVHFFLyQDOFDQ]DODSODVWLILFDFLyQFRPSOHWDVLQDEROODUVH
6HDSOLFDQOLPLWDFLRQHVVLPLODUHVDODVDQWHULRUHVSHURPiVUHVWULFWLYDV7HPD
6HSXHGHDGRSWDUHQHOFiOFXORHOPRPHQWRUHVLVWHQWHSOiVWLFR:SO
~'HQRFXPSOLUVHVHGHEHUiXWLOL]DUHOPRPHQWRUHVLVWHQWHHOiVWLFR:HO
$OD

425

$%2//$'85$
$%2//$'85$'(/$/0$325&257$17(

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

6HWUDWDGHIRUPDLQGHSHQGLHQWHWUHVSHFWRDV
'RVIRUPDVGHHYLWDUODDEROODGXUDSRUFRUWDQWH
'RWDQGRDODOPDGHODYLJDGHOHVSHVRUVXILFLHQWHSDUDHYLWDUVXDEROODPLHQWR
($(QRHVSUHFLVRFRPSUREDUOD resistencia a la abolladura del alma por cortante
HQODVEDUUDVHQODVTXHODUHODFLyQHQWUHODDOWXUDGHODOPDhw\HOHVSHVRUtwVHD
K Z 

H  H
  I\  K  
W
K
Z

UHODFLRQHVTXHVHFXPSOHQSDUDORVSURGXFWRVODPLQDGRV
'LVSRQLHQGR ULJLGL]DGRUHV TXH DUULRVWUDQ R LPSLGHQ HO GHVSOD]DPLHQWR
WUDQVYHUVDOGHODSODFD$SOLFDFLRQHVYLJDVDUPDGDV\YLJDVDFDUWHODGDV


426

7,326'(&2035(6,1
&2035(6,21&(175$'$



z

&RPSUHVLyQFHQWUDGD 6yORH[LVWHD[LOGHFRPSUHVLyQ1

0RPHQWRVVHFXQGDULRVVXHOHQDSDUHFHUIOHFWRUHVGHELGRVDODULJLGH]\H[FHQWULFLGDG
TXHHQFLHUWRVFDVRVVHSXHGHQGHVSUHFLDU


Existe flector si 
/DVEDUUDVGHXQDWULDQJXODFLyQHVWiQD
FRPSUHVLyQFHQWUDGDVL
 QJXORV HQWUH EDUUDV QR PX\
SHTXHxRVHQWUH\
 5HWtFXODVUHJXODUHV
6LQKLSHUHVWDWLFLGDG
 %DUUDVHVEHOWDVODUJDV\GHOJDGDV
HVWUXFWXUDV OLJHUDV GH FXELHUWD
5HODFLyQ/X]&DQWRQRSHTXHxD
 ([FHQWULFLGDG QXOD R SHTXHxD HQ
ODVXQLRQHV/RVHMHVGHODVEDUUDV
GHEHQFRLQFLGLUHQXQSXQWR
 &DUJDVDSOLFDGDVHQORVQXGRV
 8QLRQHV SRFR UtJLGDV DWRUQLOODGD
PHQRV UtJLGD TXH VROGDGD
Cartelas R rigidizadores QR PX\
JUDQGHV


5 1

&2035(6,1(;&e175,&$
(-(03/2


5 2



z




UNIONES Y APOYOS EXCNTRICOS

z

DIAGONALES CELOSA, APOYO NAVE Y PUENTE GRUA






5 3




&2035(6,21&(175$'$
&2035(6,21(;&(175,&$ 

z

&DVRVGHFRPSUHVLyQFHQWUDGDIOH[LyQGHVSUHFLDEOH
i(VWUXFWXUDVWULDQJXODGDVSDUDFXELHUWDVOLJHUDV
i 6H GHVSUHFLD OD IOH[LyQ GHELGD DO YLHQWR VREUH XQD EDUUD GH XQD HVWUXFWXUD
WULDQJXODGDV6HWLHQHHQFXHQWDVREUHHOFRQMXQWRGHODHVWUXFWXUD
i3HVRSURSLRGHODEDUUDVLWLHQHPHQRVGHPVHGHVSUHFLDHOIOHFWRUSURYRFDGR
i(QEDUUDVGHDUULRVWUDPLHQWRH[FpQWULFDV

&RPSUHVLyQH[FpQWULFD10
i&RPSUHVLyQH[FpQWULFDHVWUXFWXUDWULDQJXODGDFRQFDUJDVIXHUDGHORVQXGRV
/RVFRUGRQHVVRQYLJDVFRQWLQXDVFRQDSR\RVHQORVQXGRV
/DVGLDJRQDOHVVHSXHGHQFRQVLGHUDUDUWLFXODGDV


5 4

/21*,78''(3$1'(2/N
3,(=$66,03/(6



z

/N E/
(VODORQJLWXG/NGHODSLH]DHTXLYDOHQWHDXQDSLH]DELDUWLFXODGD/
2ODGLVWDQFLDHQWUHSXQWRVGHLQIOH[LyQGHODGHIRUPDGDDSDQGHR


5 5

/21*,78''(3$1'(2
3257,&26<&(/26,$6



z

x &UX]GH6DQ$QGUpVLQPRYLOL]DHOUHFXDGUR8QDGHODVEDUUDVWUDEDMDDWUDFFLyQ
/DRWUDQRLQWHUYLHQHVDOYRVLFDPELDODGLUHFFLyQGHODFDUJDODWHUDO
x &HORVtDXQLGDUtJLGDPHQWHDOSLODUFRQDPERVFRUGRQHV,PSLGHHOJLURHPSRWUD
x 5HFRPHQGDFLRQHVGHFRHILFLHQWHEGHSDQGHRGHSLODUHVGHHVWUXFWXUDVDSRUWLFDGDV

x 3LODUHVQDYHVDGRVDJXDVYDORUHVDSUR[LPDGRV



5 6

3,/$5(6

3ODQRSyUWLFR

3257,&2
&(/26,$

E 
E 

3ODQRODWHUDO
9DQRVDUULRVWUDGRV 6LQULRVWUDV
E 
E 
E 
E 

3$1'(2/$7(5$/
$55,2675$0,(1726

PRTICO o CELOSIA

z

5LRVWUDVHOHPHQWRVGHVXMHFLyQTXHOLPLWDQHOSDQGHRODWHUDO
&XELHUWDVOLJHUDVVHGLVSRQHGHXQVLVWHPDGHDUULRVWUDGRHQDOJ~QYDQRGHFXELHUWD
3257,&22&(/26,$
x3yUWLFRGLQWHOFRPSULPLGR
x&HORVtDFRUGyQVXSHULRUFRPSULPLGR
/DORQJLWXGGHSDQGHRODWHUDOHV


 CUBIERTA RIGIDA
VHSDUDFLyQHQWUHFRUUHDVVL
&HUUDPLHQWRUtJLGRSDQHORFKDSD
GH DFHUR GH VXILFLHQWH FDQWR \
HVSHVRU ERUGHV ELHQ HQJDU]DGRV
DRWUDVFKDSDV
(QOD]DGR FRQ ILUPH]D D OD FRUUHD
VXILFLHQWH 1 GH WRUQLOORV DXWR
UURVFDQWHVQRJDQFKRVJUDSDV
&RUUHD ELHQ XQLGD DO FRUGyQ FRPSULPLGR VROGDGXUD QR FRQ WRUQLOORV HQ
DJXMHURVFRQKROJXUD\HVFDVRDSULHWH1RWDEXHQDHMHFXFLyQ
 CUBIERTA NO RIGIDA VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH ULRVWUDV VL QR VH FXPSOH DOJXQDV GH ODV
FRQGLFLRQHVDQWHULRUHV

5 7

/21*,78''(3$1'(2
(6758&785$675,$1*8/$'$6
/D ($( SHUPLWH DO SUR\HFWLVWD HVSHFLILFDU HO
YDORUTXHHVWLPHPiVDGHFXDGR
&25'21(6
3ODQRGHODYLJDVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHQXGRV
3ODQRODWHUDOORQJLWXGGHODEDUUDHQWUHGRV
SXQWRV ILMRV SRU H[LVWLU DUULRVWUDPLHQWR
ODWHUDO
&XELHUWDUtJLGDVHSDUDFLyQGHFRUUHDV
&XELHUWDQRUtJLGDVHSDUDFLyQULRVWUDV
0217$17(6<',$*21$/(6
 3ODQR GH OD YLJD ORQJLWXG GH OD EDUUD SRU
FRQXQLyQUtJLGDDOFRUGyQ
3ODQRODWHUDOORQJLWXGGHODEDUUD
&HORVtDVSODQDVGHSHUILOHVKXHFRVFRUGRQHV
FRQWLQXRV VH YD D DSOLFDU VLPSOLILFDQGR HQ
WRGRVORVFDVRVHOIDFWRUILQDO
&RUGRQHV
0RQWDQWHV\GLDJRQDOHV&7(


5 8



z

3,(=$6'(6(&&,21&2167$17(<&2035(6,21
9$5,$%/(($(

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

5 9


&RPSOHPHQWR

&2035(6,21',6&5(7$0(17(9$5,$%/(
($(

z


5 10

3257,&262572*21$/(6'((',),&$&,1
&2(),&,(17('(3$1'(2E($(

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

6RSRUWHVGHHGLILFLRV'HSHQGHGHODULJLGH]DSRUWDGDSRUYLJDV\VRSRUWHVHQVXV
H[WUHPRV0iVULJLGH]PiVVLPLODUDXQELHPSRWUDPLHQWR

K

.F  .
.F  .  .  .

K

.F  .
.F  .  .  .

&oeficientes de distribucin K K HQ HO H[WUHPR VXSHULRU 1 H LQIHULRU 2 GHO SLODU
DQDOL]DGRDSDUWLUGHORVFRHILFLHQWHVGHULJLGH]
.F
3LODUDQDOL]DGR.. 3LODUVXSHULRUHLQIHULRUHQHOFDVRGHQRH[LVWLU

.LM
9LJDHQHOQXGRL\SRVLFLyQM1FU S(,/Ny1FU  $I\ O
 &RHILFLHQWHGHULJLGH]UHGXFLGRSRUODH[LVWHQFLDGHXQD[LOGHFRPSUHVLyQ


(PSRWUDGR

TD TE

$UWLFXODGR

TD TE

.LM ,/11FU ,/11FU ,/1(G1FU ,/1(G1FU

6RSRUWHLQIHULRU%DVHHPSRWUDGDK %DVHDUWLFXODGDK 

5 11

3257,&262572*21$/(6'((',),&$&,1
($(

($(
$0RGRLQWUDVODFLRQDO

%0RGRWUDVODFLRQDO

    K   K     K  K 
d 
    K   K     K  K 

   K   K     K  K 
t 
    K   K     K  K 

x (VWHSURFHGLPLHQWRVXHOHSUHFLVDUXWLOL]DUXQSURJUDPDXKRMDGHFiOFXOR
x (QHOFDVRGHHGLILFDFLRQHVGHySODQWDVSXHGHUHFRPHQGDUVH

-iFHQDVH[WUHPDVDUWLFXODGDVDOSLODU
-iFHQDVLQWHUPHGLDVFRQWLQXDVUtJLGDV
3XHGHUHFRPHQGDUVHDGRSWDUE HQYRODGL]RHQDPEDVGLUHFFLRQHV
5 12

z


    K   K      K   K   

PiV SUHFLVR 

&RPSOHPHQWR




7,326'(3,(=$6
3,(=$66,03/(6

z


5 13

TIPOS DE PIEZAS
PIEZAS SIMPLES: 2UPN, 4UPN, 2IPE cruz, HEA+chapas, 2IPE cajn


5 14

PIEZAS CURVADAS
CARTABONES PRTICO


















5 15

7,326'(3,(=$6
3,(=$66,03/(6


5 16



z

TIPOS DE PIEZAS 2
PIEZAS COMPUESTAS





















En celosa

Empresillado

5 17

OTROS TIPOS DE PIEZAS Y ESTRUCTURAS

VIGAS ALVEOLADAS (BOYD), DE ALMA CALADA, MALLA ESPACIAL.




5 18




75$&&,1
3(5),/(6$6,0e75,&26$1*8/$5(6

z

75$&&,21385$6HGHEHFXPSOLUODVPLVPDVFRQGLFLRQHVTXHDFRPSUHVLyQSXUD
3(5),/(6/
h8QSHUILO/HQOD]DGRSRUVXDODSXHGHH[LVWLUH[FHQWULFLGDGHQGRVSODQRV
h&RQXQGREOHDQJXODUGHVDSDUHFHODH[FHQWULFLGDGVHJ~QHOHMHy
h(VQHFHVDULRWHQHUHQFXHQWDHVDH[FHQWULFLGDGHQHOFiOFXOR0] H\10\ H]1
h3DUDVLPSOLILFDUVHLQFUHPHQWDXQHOD[LOSRUHIHFWRGHODVH[FHQWULFLGDGHV


5 19

75$&&,1(;&e175,&$
',6(f2'(3,(=$6$75$&&,1



z

1MXQWRFRQ0WLHQH
XQ HIHFWR HVWDELOL]DQWH
FRQWUDULRDOSDQGHR
 (O IOHFWRU VHFXQGDULR
GHELGR D 1 HV GH VLJ
QR FRQWUDULR DO SURGX
FLGRSRUODFDUJD)
 'LVPLQX\HQ HVIXHU]RV
\GHIRUPDFLRQHV
 1R VH FRQVLGHUD VH
VHSDUD 1 \ 0) \ VH
RPLWHQ ORV EHQHILFLRV
HVWDELOL]DQWHVGHRUGHQ
',6(f2'(3,(=$6$75$&&,21SUHVHQWDYHQWDMDVSRUXWLOL]DUWRGDHOiUHDGHO
PDWHULDO

x )UHQWHDOIOHFWRUWRGDVODVILEUDVWUDEDMDQDXQDWHQVLyQFRQVWDQWH
x )UHQWHDODFRPSUHVLyQQRH[LVWHQLQHVWDELOLGDGHV
/DV DFFLRQHV JUDYLWDWRULDV SURYRFDQ FRPSUHVLRQHV \ IOH[LRQHV &RQVHJXLU
WUDFFLyQHVPiVFRPSOLFDGRHVWUXFWXUDVFROJDQWHVWULDQJXODFLRQHVHWF
8QLRQHVODWUDFFLyQVXHOHVHUPiVH[LJHQWHTXHODFRPSUHVLyQ

5 20

&21&(175$&,1'(7(16,21(6




z

2FXUUH FXDQGR H[LVWHQ FDUJDV FRQFHQWUDGDV FDPELRV EUXVFRV GH VHFFLyQ R

SUHVHQFLDGHDJXMHURVHQODEDUUD
&RQDJXMHURODFRQFHQWUDFLyQGHWHQVLRQHVRFXUUHHQODVLQPHGLDFLRQHVGHOPLVPR
 /D GLVWULEXFLyQ GH WHQVLRQHV
SXHGH REWHQHUVH PHGLDQWH OD
WHRUtD GH OD HODVWLFLGDG (V
PD\RUHQORVSXQWRVGHOERUGH
GHODJXMHUR
 (O JUDGR GH FRQFHQWUDFLyQ GH
WHQVLRQHV SXHGH PHGLUVH FRQ
HOFRHILFLHQWH.TXHVHGHILQH
K

V PD[
V media

V PD[

N

A

 (Q SLH]DV DWRUQLOODGDV VLHQGR

ODUHODFLyQ
Radio del agujero / anchura
de la pieza = r/d d 1/10
.YDUtDHQWUH\

5 21

&21&(175$&,1'(7(16,21(6




z

x 3LH]DFRQDJXMHURVRPHWLGD


5 22

DWUDFFLyQFUHFLHQWHGHVGH
1KDVWD1PD[
x &XDQGR OD ]RQD GHO ERUGH
GHO DJXMHUR DOFDQ]D OD
WHQVLyQ HQ HO OtPLWH
HOiVWLFR I\  VH QR LPSOLFD
TXHODSLH]DVHDJRWH
x 3DUD FDUJDV HVWiWLFDV \
VLQ SHOLJUR GH IUDJLOLGDG
OD SLH]D VH SODVWLILFD
DOUHGHGRUGHODJXMHUR\IDOODUiFXDQGRWRGDODVHFFLyQHVWpSODVWLILFDGDGLDJUDPD
UHFWDQJXODU
x /D GLVWULEXFLyQ SUHFLVD GH WHQVLRQHV LQWHUHVD HQ PDWHULDOHV FRQ FRPSRUWDPLHQWR
IUiJLOIDWLJDFRQVWUXFFLyQPHFiQLFD
x (Q PDWHULDOHV G~FWLOHV OD SODVWLILFDFLyQ VH SURGXFH HQ WRGD OD VHFFLyQ
GHVFRQWDQGR HO DJXMHUR (O GLPHQVLRQDGR D URWXUD HV LQGHSHQGLHQWH GHO YDORU GH
.6HXVDHOiUHDQHWD
$1HWD $%UXWDQGW
VLHQGRQHOQ~PHURGHDJXMHURVGHOGLiPHWUR\WHOHVSHVRUGHODSLH]D


7,326'(3,(=$6$75$&&,1




z

$ODPEUHV\FDEOHVVHXVDQFRPRWHQVRUHV\WLUDQWHV
x 7RUyQDUUHJORGHDODPEUHVFRORFDGRVHQKpOLFHDOUHGHGRUGHXQDODPEUHFHQWUDO
SDUDREWHQHUXQDVHFFLyQVLPpWULFD
x &DEOHFRQMXQWRGHWRURQHVFRORFDGRVHQKpOLFHDOUHGHGRUGHXQQ~FOHRIRUPDGRR
SRUXQWRUyQRSRURWURFDEOHGHDODPEUHVSRUHMHPSORXQFDEOHGHILEUDV
x 6LHOQ~FOHRHVGHILEUDVHHPSOHDQFRQSURSyVLWRVGHL]DMH&RQQ~FOHRGHWRUyQ
SDUDDSOLFDFLRQHVHVWUXFWXUDOHV
6HXVDQSDUDFRQWUDYHQWHRPiVWLOHVLQYHUQDGHURVWRUUHVHWF
VXVWHQWDFLyQ GH SXHQWHV FXELHUWDV R SDUD RULJLQDU HQ OD
HVWUXFWXUDXQSUHySRVWHQVDGR\DXPHQWDUVXHILFDFLD
6XDSOLFDFLyQHVOLPLWDGD
i1R VRSRUWDQ FRPSUHVLRQHV LQYHUVLyQ GH HVIXHU]RV OR TXH
REOLJDDDXPHQWDUVXQ~PHUR
i6X DODUJDPLHQWR HV LPSRUWDQWH D SOHQD FDSDFLGDG GH FDUJD \ SXHGH VHU
H[FHVLYRHQDOJXQRVFDVRV
i5HTXLHUHQ DFFHVRULRV HVSHFLDOHV HQ VXV FRQH[LRQHV HQ ORV H[WUHPRV ELHQ
XQLGRVDODHVWUXFWXUDRFLPHQWDFLyQ
i(V SUHFLVR XQ WHQVDGR LQLFLDO SDUD HQWUDU HQ FDUJD 6L VH H[FHGH SRVLEOHV
HVIXHU]RVLPSUHYLVWRV3XHGHVHUQHFHVDULDXQDUHYLVLyQ\PDQWHQLPLHQWR
i5HODMDFLyQSpUGLGDGHWHQVLyQGHODFHURFRQHOWLHPSR\GHFDSDFLGDGSRUWDQWH
5 23




$/$0%5(6


z

6HREWLHQHQSRUHVWLUDGRHQIUtRGHYDULOODVGHDFHURGHDOWRFRQWHQLGRHQ
FDUERQRODPLQDGDVHQFDOLHQWH\FRPSRVLFLyQTXtPLFDFRQWURODGD
i6HUHFXEUHQGH]LQFJDOYDQL]DGRRFRQSOiVWLFRSDUDSURWHJHUGHODFRUURVLyQ
i6LQSXQWRGHIOXHQFLDGHILQLGR(OHVIXHU]RSHUPLVLEOHGHGLVHxRVHEDVDHQOD
UHVLVWHQFLD ~OWLPD GHO DODPEUH WHQVLyQ GH URWXUD DO TXH VH DSOLFD XQ
FRHILFLHQWHGHVHJXULGDGy
i(QDJULFXOWXUDWLHQHQPXFKDVDSOLFDFLRQHVLQYHUQDGHURV
i0HQRU UHVLVWHQFLD SDUD EDMR FRQWHQLGR HQ FDUERQR R WUDWDPLHQWRV FRPR HO
UHFRFLGRSHURFRQPD\RUSODVWLFLGDG
'LiPHWURV










5 24

5HVLVWHQFLDPtQLPDGH
URWXUDNJFP































75$&&,1(13(5),/(6/$0,1$'26




z

9DULOODV\EDUUDV3OHWLQDVUHGRQGRVFXDGUDGRVHWF
 6H XVDQ SDUD WUDFFLRQHV
EDMDVVRQGHDFHURODPLQDGR
HQ FDOLHQWH 'HELGR D VX
HVEHOWH] VX UHVLVWHQFLD D OD
FRPSUHVLyQHVGHVSUHFLDEOH
 &RPRULRVWUDVRFRQWUDYLHQWRV
GLDJRQDOHV DWRUQLOODGDV HQ
VXVH[WUHPRVRVROGDGDV
 5HFWiQJXORV 6H GLVSRQHQ FRQ VX GLPHQVLyQ PD\RU HQ HO SODQR YHUWLFDO SDUD
UHGXFLUDOJRVXIOHFKDSRUSHVRSURSLR
 'HEHQHVWDUELHQDWLUDQWDGRVSDUDTXHHQWUHQHQFDUJDSHURQRGHPDVLDGRSXHV
SXHGHQH[LVWLUHVIXHU]RVLQLFLDOHVHQODHVWUXFWXUDRWUDFFLRQHVQRGHVHDEOHV
3HUILOHVHVWUXFWXUDOHVVLPSOHV
 6LHVQHFHVDULDFLHUWDULJLGH]RSRVLEOHLQYHUVLyQGHFDUJDVFRPSUHVLyQ
 ,QWHUHVDHOiUHDGHODVHFFLyQSHURVXUHVLVWHQFLDHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHVXIRUPD
 3HUILO/H[FHQWULFLGDG\FRQVLJXLHQWHPRPHQWRVHFXQGDULR+DELWXDOHQULRVWUDV
 7XEXODUKXHFRHVGHPHQRUHVEHOWH]TXHRWURVWLSRVGHSHUILOHV\PD\RUULJLGH]
VLDSDUHFHQFRPSUHVLRQHV



5 25

CLASES DE PIEZAS A TRACCIN (1)

DISPOSITIVOS DE AMARRE, ANCLAJE O UNION DE CABLES




















C
5 26

CLASES DE PIEZAS A TRACCIN (2)

PUENTE COLGANTE PARA PASO DE TUBERA

















5 27

PIEZAS A TRACCIN DE PERFILES LAMINADOS

TIRANTES EN CELOSIA DE UNA CUBIERTA DE UNA NAVE





















5 28



















&/$6(6'(6(&&,21(6
       



z

'(),1,&,1 6H UHILHUH D OD FDSDFLGDG GH ODV VHFFLRQHV GH DOFDQ]DU 0SO y 0HO
UHVLVWHQFLDDIOH[LyQ\FDSDFLGDGGHGHIRUPDFLyQMURWDFLyQGHODUyWXODSOiVWLFD


&/$6(6'(6(&&,21(6



3OiVWLFD

3HUPLWHQODIRUPDFLyQGHODUyWXODSOiVWLFDFRQODFDSDFLGDGGH
URWDFLyQVXILFLHQWHSDUDODUHGLVWULEXFLyQGHPRPHQWRV
)DOOR0HFDQLVPRFRPSOHWRIRUPDFLyQGHOVXILFLHQWHQ~PHURGH
UyWXODVSDUDTXHODHVWUXFWXUDVHDLQHVWDEOH0SO



3HUPLWHQHOGHVDUUROORGHOPRPHQWRSOiVWLFRFRQXQDFDSDFLGDG
GHURWDFLyQOLPLWDGD
&RPSDFWD
)DOOR0HFDQLVPRSDUFLDOIRUPDFLyQGHDOJ~QDVUyWXODVKDVWD
DOFDQ]DUODGHIRUPDFLyQOtPLWHHQXQDVHFFLyQSODVWLILFDGD0SO



DEROODGXUDLPSLGHHOGHVDUUROORGHOPRPHQWRSOiVWLFR
6HPL
FRPSDFWD )DOOR(QODSULPHUDVHFFLyQGHODHVWUXFWXUDTXHDOFDQ]DI\(VHO

(QODILEUDPiVFRPSULPLGDVHSXHGHDOFDQ]DUI\SHUROD
FiOFXORFOiVLFRHOiVWLFROLQHDO0HO



(VEHOWD

/RVHOHPHQWRVWRWDORSDUFLDOPHQWHFRPSULPLGRVGHODVVHFFLRQHV
VHDEROODQDQWHVGHDOFDQ]DUI\HQODILEUDPiVFRPSULPLGD0HI
)DOOR(QXQDVHFFLyQPX\HVEHOWDSRUDEROODGXUDDQWHVGHDOFDQ]DUI\


61

(-(03/2'(&/$6(6'(6(&&,1
&/&8/2(/67,&2&/&8/23/67,&2



z

OBJETIVO:
$QDOL]DUODFDUJDPi[LPDRFDUJDGHUXLQD3XGHXQSHUILOVHJ~QSHUWHQH]FDD
FDGDXQDGHODV&ODVHV5HVLVWHQWHVGHILQLGDV
TIPO DE VIGA
9LJDHPSRWUDGDDSR\DGDGHORQJLWXG/FRQXQDFDUJDSXQWXDO3HQHOFHQWUR
/DFDUJD3VHLQFUHPHQWDKDVWDDOFDQ]DUVXPi[LPRYDORUTXHGHSHQGHUiGH
OD&ODVHUHVLVWHQWHGHOSHUILOGHODYLJD
ESFUERZOS
(OGLDJUDPDGHPRPHQWRVHOiVWLFRSDUDXQDFDUJDSXQWXDO3HV


(OPD\RUIOHFWRURFXUUHHQHOHPSRWUDPLHQWRYHFHVHOGHOFHQWURGHOYDQR


62

(-(03/2'(&/$6(6'(6(&&,1
           



z

(6%(/7$IDOODADODO
FDQ]DU0HILQIHULRUD0HO
6HDEROODHQUpJLPHQ
HOiVWLFR50QRYiOLGD
6(0,&203$&7$
$OFDQ]D0HOSHURQR
SXHGHSODVWLILFDUVH6H
DSOLFDOD50FOiVLFD
&203$&7$)RUPDGD
ODUyWXODSOiVWLFDHQ$
FUHFHHOIOHFWRUHQ%
6LQUyWXODHQ%SRUTXH$
VHDEROODDOURWDU
3/$67,&$FRPSOHWDGD
ODUyWXODHQ%HQODYLJD
VHIRUPDXQPHFDQLVPR
LQHVWDEOH\FRODSVD
3XHVODPi[LPDFDUJD
VRSRUWDGD3DUDFRQRFHUOD
HVSUHFLVRXQclculo
plstico estructural.

63

$/0$/,0,7(6'((6%(/7(=FWPD[

&2035(6,211)/(;,210\
  

6
&2035(6,21
no
p
)/(;,210\
no
p


(MHPSORV
 'REOH7
 7XER5+6


64



z

$/$6/,0,7(6'((6%(/7(=FWPD[

&2035(6,211\)/(;,210\ 
 



z

6
&2035(6,21
)/(;,210\
$ODFWPD[
no
p

(MHPSOR
'REOH7




65

/,0,7(6'((6%(/7(=FWPD[

&20(17$5,26<&/$6,),&$&,1'(3(5),/(6 



z

&RPHQWDULRV
x &ODVHV\5HVLVWHQFLDSOiVWLFD
$:SO
&ODVH
5HVLVWHQFLDHOiVWLFD
$:HO
&ODVH
5HVLVWHQFLDVHFFLyQHILFD]$HI:HITXHGHSHQGHQGHORVHVIXHU]RV
x 3HUILOHVGREOH7GLIHUHQFLDDOUHGHGRUGHOHQWUH:SO:HODOJRPD\RUHQWXERV
x 6HDGPLWHHOFiOFXORHOiVWLFRFOiVLFR:HO
x &XDQGRDODV\DOPDSHUWHQHFHQDClasesGLVWLQWDVODVHFFLyQVHFODVLILFDSRUODPD\RU
x /DClaseGHSHQGHGHOWLSRGHHVIXHU]RFRPSUHVLyQIOH[LyQIOH[RFRPSUHVLyQHWF
x $IOH[RFRPSUHVLyQFRQD[LOSHTXHxRSXHGHFODVLILFDUVHLJXDOTXHDIOH[LyQVyOR
&ODVLILFDFLyQSHUILOHV69HU7DEODVGHXQ3URQWXDULRmoderno
 )OH[LyQ,3(,31+831&ODVH6DOYR/7XERVPD\RUtDGH&ODVH
/RVSHUILOHVDELHUWRVFRQIRUPDGRVHQIUtRnormalizadosSXHGHQVHUGH&ODVHD
/RVGHJUDQGHVGLPHQVLRQHVFRQFKDSDGHOJDGDGH&ODVH
 &RPSUHVLyQ&ODVHy(Nota: pueden clasificarse de 1 a 3 para comparar con el flector)
x 7RGRVORVSHUILOHV,31+\831VRQGHFODVH
x ,3(D,3(VRQGHFODVHDOPDHVEHOWD
x /FODVHVODPD\RUtDRORVGHPHQRUHVSHVRU
x 7XERVFODVH
&RQDFHUR6DOJXQRVSHUILOHVDXPHQWDQGHFODVH

66

5(6,67(1&,$'(/$66(&&,21(6
(;35(6,21(63$5$(/',0(16,21$'2 



z

I\G I\J0J0 

5HVLVWHQFLDDWUDFFLyQ1W5G
(VODUHVLVWHQFLDSOiVWLFD1SO5G 

1W 5G

1SO5G

5HVLVWHQFLDDFRPSUHVLyQ1F5GYiOLGRVLQSDQGHR
&ODVHUHVLVWHQFLDSOiVWLFD 
&ODVH$HI$

1F 5G

1SO5G

$ I\G t 1(G 
$ I\G t 1(G 

5HVLVWHQFLDDIOH[LyQ0F5G
&ODVH\UHVLVWHQFLDSOiVWLFD

0F 5G

0SO5G

:SO I\G t 0(G 

&ODVHUHVLVWHQFLDHOiVWLFD

0F 5G

0HO 5G

:HO I\G t 0(G 

&ODVHUHVLVWHQFLDHILFD]

0F 5G

0HI 5G

:HI I\G t 0(G 

$ODEROODUVHVyORHODODFRPSULPL
GDDSDUHFHDVLPHWUtD
&DPELDGHSRVLFLyQHOFJGHOD
VHFFLyQ(VHOYDORUe

67

5(6,67(1&,$'(/$66(&&,21(6
(;35(6,21(6'(,17(5$&&,21'((6)8(5=26



z

&20352%$&,21'(5(6,67(1&,$
&ODVHV

M y , Ed
M z , Ed
NEd


d1

A f yd W pl , y f yd W pl , z f yd

&ODVH

M y , Ed
M z , Ed
NEd


d1

A f yd Wel , y f yd Wel , z f yd

x 6RQH[SUHVLRQHVHQYROYHQWHVGHODVUHDOHVDSOLFDEOHVDFXDOTXLHUWLSRGHSHUILO
x (QOD($(H[LVWHQH[SUHVLRQHVHVSHFtILFDVVHJ~QHOWLSRGHSHUILO\HVIXHU]RV
SDUDVHFFLRQHVGHFODVH\(OtQGLFHUHVLVWHQWHHVDOJRPHQRUVHJ~QFDVR

x /RVHVIXHU]RV1(G0\(G0](GGHEHQSHUWHQHFHUDODPLVPDVHFFLyQ
x /RVHVIXHU]RV1(G0\(G0](GGHEHQSHUWHQHFHUDODPLVPDFRPELQDFLyQ
x 6L0](G HVIOH[LyQSODQDHVWUXFWXUDSODQD
x 6L1(G HVGHIOH[LyQHVYLDGD(MHPSORFRUUHDVGHXQDFXELHUWDLQFOLQDGD
x 'HEHFRPSUREDUVHFDGDVHFFLyQTXHWHQJDHVIXHU]RVHOHYDGRV
x (QHVWUXFWXUDVDSRUWLFDGDVVXHOHVHUSHRUODVHFFLyQGHPD\RUIOHFWRU


68

,1(67$%,/,'$',17(5$&&,21'((6)8(5=26
0(72'2($(          



z

x (& 'LILFXOWDG GH HVWDEOHFHU IRUPXODFLRQHV JHQHUDOHV ,QWHUYLHQHQ PXFKDV

YDULDEOHV
&ODVHGHVHFFLyQ
7LSRVGHLQHVWDELOLGDGSDQGHRHQVXSODQRODWHUDOYXHOFRDEROODGXUD
WRUVLyQHWF
x 3LH]DVRPHWLGDD1(G0\(G\0](GHOFRODSVRSRULQHVWDELOLGDGHV~QLFR
x 6HFRPSUXHEDVyORHQFDGDSODQRGHSDQGHRHMHVSULQFLSDOHV
x 3URFHGLPLHQWRVSDUDDERUGDUHOSUREOHPD
$QiOLVLVGLUHFWRPHGLDQWHXQFiOFXORJOREDOGHODHVWUXFWXUDPX\FRPSOHMR
)RUPXODFLRQHVSDUDEDUUDVDLVODGDV
D 0pWRGR  VLVWHPD GH ODERULRVD UHVROXFLyQ PDQXDO 6L VH GLVSRQH GH
SURJUDPDVHUHFRPLHQGDVXHOHFFLyQ
E 0pWRGR0iVFRPSDFWR)UHQWHDODVXVFHSWLELOLGDGDWRUVLyQGLVWLQJXH
3LH]DQRVXVFHSWLEOH0iVIiFLO6HDGRSWDHVWHFXUVR(VFXHVWLRQDEOH
3LH]DVXVFHSWLEOHSHUILOHVDELHUWRVQRDUULRVWUDGRV
F 0pWRGRVLPSOLILFDGRH[SUHVLyQ~QLFDGHFRHILFLHQWHVIiFLOHVGHREWHQHU

x +LSyWHVLV\VLPSOLILFDFLRQHV0pWRGR

(VWUXFWXUDSODQDORVHVIXHU]RVVRQ1(G\0\(G0](G 
3DUDVHFFLRQHVGHFODVHy
6HWHQGUiHQFXHQWDHQHOSDQGHRODWHUDO]ODLQIOXHQFLDGHOIOHFWRUSULQFLSDO\


69




0(72'2
(;35(6,21(6$)/(;2&2035(6,21 
3$1'(2
x6HJ~Q\HMHIXHUWH
x6HJ~Q]HMHGpELO

$[LO1(G
N Ed
F y A f yd 
N Ed
F z A f yd 

z

)OHFWRUVHJ~Q\0\(G
M y Ed
 k yy
d 
W f
y

k zy

yd

M y Ed
W y f yd

d 

1(G0\(GHVIXHU]RVGHFiOFXORGHPD\RUYDORUDEVROXWRGHODSLH]D
3URSLHGDGHVPHFiQLFDV
&ODVH
$
:\

\
:SO\
$


:HO\


&ODVH\

&ODVH\

NEd
NEd

Cmy   O y  
Cmy    O y


F y A f yd 
F y A f yd

N]\QRVXVFHS
N\\
N\\
(QHVWDVH[SUHVLRQHVGHEHVHU> O y @d
)DFWRUGHPRPHQWRIOHFWRUHTXLYDOHQWHXQLIRUPH'HSHQGHGHOGLDJUDPD
&P\ GHPRPHQWRVIOHFWRUHV0\HQWUHSXQWRVDUULRVWUDGRV
%DUUDVGHSyUWLFRVVLQDUULRVWUDUFRQ/N!/E!HV&P\ 

N\\



610

0(72'2
&20(17$5,26 



z

x /DFRPSUREDFLyQVHUHDOL]DFRQHOPi[LPRD[LO\HOPi[LPRIOHFWRUGHODSLH]D

DXQTXHSHUWHQH]FDQDVHFFLRQHVGLVWLQWDV1(GPD[0(GPD[
x (OtQGLFHDD[LOHVLJXDODOGHXQDSLH]DVLPSOHDFRPSUHVLyQ
&RPSDUDGRFRQODFRPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLDHVSHRUVLF\yF]
x (OtQGLFHDIOHFWRUHVHOGHXQDSLH]DVLPSOHDIOH[LyQSHURPRGLILFDGDSRUN\\N]\
&RPSDUDGRFRQODFRPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLDHVSHRUVLN\\!yN]\!
x /RV IDFWRUHV N\\ N]\ UHJLVWUDQ OD LQIOXHQFLD TXH HO SDQGHR SRU D[LO RFDVLRQD DO
IOHFWRU0\3XHGHDXPHQWDURUHGXFLUHOtQGLFHSOiVWLFRGHOIOHFWRU
x /RVIDFWRUHVN\\N]\GHSHQGHQGH
'HOtQGLFHGHOD[LO\GHODHVEHOWH]SHURKDVWD O y 
&P\VHJ~QODIRUPDGHOGLDJUDPDGHPRPHQWR3HRUFXDQWRPiVPRPHQWRHQ
HOFHQWURGHODYLJDRELHQHVWUDVODFLRQDOE!HVGHFLU
3HRUVLFRLQFLGHHQXQDVHFFLyQXQ0\FRQXQIOHFWRUGHELGRSDQGHR1\[

x 6HUHFRPLHQGDFRPSUREDUHQOXJDUSRUUHVLVWHQFLDDOVHUPiVVHQFLOOD

611

$&(52IUHQWHD+250,*21HQ1$9(6
           



z

 (VWUXFWXUDGHDFHURIUHQWHDQDYHVSUHIDEULFDGDVGHKRUPLJyQSUHWHQVDGR
 6RQGRVSURGXFWRVFRPSHWLWLYRVHQWUHVt
 (QHGLILFDFLyQXUEDQDVHSUHILHUHHOKRUPLJyQ
 (QODFRPSDUDWLYDSXHGHQH[LVWLUH[FHSFLRQHV
9(17$-$6(6758&785$'($&(52

x 0D\RUUHVLVWHQFLDVDOYDJUDQGHVOXFHV
x /LJHUH]DIDFLOLGDGGHWUDQVSRUWH\PRQWDMH
x %UHYHVSOD]RVGHHQWUHJD
x 9DULDELOLGDGGHGLVWULEXFLyQHQSODQWD\DOWXUD$PSOLDFLRQHV
x 3URSLHGDGHVPiVFRQRFLGDVFRQVWDQWHVHQHOWLHPSR
,1&219(1,(17(6

x 0D\RUSUHFLRNJPRQWDGR\SLQWDGR
x &RUURVLyQSLQWXUDRJDOYDQL]DGR
x 0HQRUULJLGH]GHIRUPDFLRQHVYLEUDFLyQLQVRQRULGDG
x %DMDHVWDELOLGDGIUHQWHDOLQFHQGLR
x (QKRUPLJyQSUHIDEULFDGRQRVXHOHVHUQHFHVDULRHOFiOFXOR\GLPHQVLRQDGR


71


7,326'(&8%,(57$
      



z

7LSRVGHFXELHUWDV
1RWUDQVLWDEOHVRUHVWULQJLGRVXDFFHVRVyORSDUDFRQVHUYDFLyQ&XELHUWDV

x /LJHUDVFKDSDPHWiOLFDRViQGZLFK(OPDWHULDODSR\DVREUHcorreas
x 3HVRVPHGLRVWHMDSL]DUUDFXELHUWDVGHFNDLVODPLHQWRHLPSHUPHDELOL]DQWH
x 3HVDGDVIRUMDGRGHYLJXHWDVGHSODFDVSUHIDEULFDGDVORVDVGHKRUPLJyQHWF
6HJ~QODSHQGLHQWH

x 3ODQDV DVHJXUDU OD HVWDQTXHLGDG \ HYDFXDFLyQ FRQ SHQGLHQWHV PLQ  SDUD

GHVDJXDU HQ VXPLGHURV \ EDMDQWHV 6H SUHFLVD XQD LPSHUPHDELOL]DFLyQ GHFN \

IRUMDGRV EXHQ VHOODGR HQ ODV MXQWDV \ SURWHJLGR JHRWH[WLO JUDYLOOD KRUPLJyQ
WDEOHURGHUDVLOOD

x 3HQGLHQWHPHGLDKDELWXDOHQQDYHV3HQGLHQWHPtQLPDKDELWXDO
x (OHYDGD SHQGLHQWH WHMD SL]DUUD SLH]DV VXHOWDV PtQLPR HQWUH HO  D  R HQ
SDQHOHVRHQ]RQDVGHJUDQGHVQHYDGDV

Redaccin de proyecto VyOR VH HVSHFLILFD HO WLSR GH PDWHULDO (O WLSR GH FXELHUWD
GHWHUPLQDVXSHVRSURSLR


72


Ejecucin ORV IDEULFDQWHV VXPLQLVWUDQ tablas de carga GH VX SURGXFWR SDUD
GHWHUPLQDUODVHSDUDFLyQPi[LPDHQWUHFRUUHDV





7,326'(&8%,(57$
&+$3$6,03/(  

z

&8%,(57$6'(&+$3$

x &KDSDGHDFHURJUHFDGDFRQIRUPDGDHQIUtRFRQDFDEDGRJDOYDQL]DGRySUHODFDGR
x /DILMDFLyQDODFRUUHDVHUHDOL]DFRQWRUQLOORVURVFDFKDSD
x (QERUGHVUHFRPLHQGDGREODUVXQ~PHURSRUORVHIHFWRVORFDOHVGHOYLHQWR
x 6HSDUDFLyQFRUUHDVVFVHILMDDOGLVHxDUODHVWUXFWXUD+DELWXDODP
x /DVFKDSDVVHWUDWDQFRPRHOHPHQWRVGHFKDSDFRQIRUPDGDHQIUtRGH&ODVH
x ,PSRUWDQWH DSDULHQFLD IDFKDGDV FRORU FDOLGDG GHO PDWHULDO UHPDWHV \ DFDEDGRV

PRQWDMH WLSR \ RULHQWDFLyQ GH QHUYLRV HYLWDU RQGXODFLRQHV RFXOWDFLyQ GH ORV
HOHPHQWRVGHILMDFLyQLQWHJUDFLyQ\FRQSXHUWDV\YHQWDQDVHWF

&KDSDVLPSOH

x *UHFDGDVGHHVSHVRUKDELWXDOGHPPFRQXQFDQWRWRWDOHQWUHPP
x 1DYHV HFRQyPLFDV DOPDFHQHV YHQWLODGDV SDUD HYLWDU FRQGHQVDFLRQHV \ VL QR HV

QHFHVDULR XQ FLHUWR JUDGR GH DLVODPLHQWR WpUPLFR R DF~VWLFR &RQVWUXFFLRQHV

DELHUWDVRDODLQWHPSHULHSDUNLQJVPDUTXHVLQDV

x 6XSHVRVXHOHVLWXDUVHHQWUHDNJP

73





3$1(/61':,&+
      

z

3DQHOViQGZLFK
'RVFKDSDVJUHFDGDV\XQDLVODPLHQWRWpUPLFRKDELWXDOPP
6XSHVRVHVLW~DHQWUHDNJP6HJ~QHOVLVWHPDGHPRQWDMHVHHOLJHHQWUH
3DQHOLQVLWX
(VHOPiVKDELWXDOFKDSDVKDELWXDOPPHQWUHODVTXHVHLQWHUFDODXQSHUILO:
\XQDLVODQWHILEUDGHYLGULRRODQDGHURFD(OHQVDPEODMHVHUHDOL]Din situ
3DQHOSUHIDEULFDGR
'RV FDUDV H[WHULRUHV GH FKDSD KDELWXDO  PP XQLGDV SRU XQ Q~FOHR FHQWUDO
DLVODQWH GH HVSXPD UtJLGD GH SROLXUHWDQR H[SDQGLGR SROLLVRFLDQXUDWR SROLHVWLUHQR
H[SDQGLGRODQDGHYLGULRRGHURFDDXWRSRUWDQWHV5iSLGRGHFRORFDUSHURPiVFDUR


74


7,326'(3$1(/(661':,&+
/8&(51$5,27(-$    

3$1(/,16,78





 




3$1(//8&(51$5,2



z










 

3$1(/'()$&+$'$

3$1(/'(&8%,(57$


75


)$&+$'$6
3$1(/<%/248('(+250,*21 



z

3DQHO SUHIDEULFDGR GH KRUPLJyQ SLH]DV VRQ PDFKLKHPEUDGDV TXH VH VHOODQ HQWUH
HOODV&DUDH[WHULRUGHKRUPLJyQOLVRiULGRYLVWRKRUPLJyQWH[WXUL]DGR7LSRV
x 9HUWLFDOHVSLH]DVDOLJHUDGDV\FRPSOHWDVHQWRGDVXDOWXUDDQFKXUDPHQWUHD
 FP GH HVSHVRU +DELWXDO FRORFDUODV SRU HO H[WHULRU GH SLODUHV 6XMHFLyQ
KRUL]RQWDOVHDSR\DQHQFDEH]DFRQXQDYLJDHQWUHSLODUHV831
x +RUL]RQWDOHV PDFL]DV R DOLJHUDGDV   P GH DOWR /RQJLWXG LJXDO D OD
VHSDUDFLyQHQWUHSLODUHV6HFRORFDQHQEDQGDVVXSHUSXHVWDV












76


7,32/2*,$'(1$9(6
       



z

x *UDQYDULHGDGGHGLVHxRV
x 0iV VLPSOH SULVPD GH SODQWD UHFWDQJXODU VLPpWULFD FRQ FXELHUWD D GRV DJXDV
FRQVWLWX\HHO3257,&2$'26$*8$6FRQYLJDVGHFXELHUWDGHDOPDOOHQDRFHORVtD
x 'HVGHOXFHVSHTXHxDVGHPKDVWDPHGLDQDVPFRQSHUILOHVODPLQDGRV

77


3257,&2'(3(5),/'($/0$//(1$&(/26,$
*(20(75,$          

\

z

357,&2IUHQWHD&(/26,$
x PiV JDVWR HQ DFHUR PiV SHVDGD
UHVSHFWRDOWUDQVSRUWH
x PHQRVJDVWRHQPDQRGHREUD
x PRQWDMHPiVUiSLGR
x PiVIiFLOGHFiOFXOR
x PiVKDELWXDOKR\HQGtD
x PiVGLDIDQLGDGLQWHULRU
x FRQ FHORVtD PiV VHQFLOOR FROJDU
IDOVRVWHFKRVXRWURV
x PD\RU FLPHQWDFLyQ ]DSDWD EDVH
GHDQFODMHHQHOSyUWLFRUtJLGR
*(20(75,$
&RWDVUHIHULGDVDHMHVGHEDUUDVSDUD
HOFiOFXOR(Q3UR\HFWRUHSODQWHR
x )XQFLRQDOPHQWH LQWHUHVD HO
HVSDFLRLQWHULRU
x&RQVWUXFWLYDPHQWHHVGHLQWHUpVODVFRWDVH[WHULRUHV
i &RPRQRVHVDEHHOWDPDxRGHORVSLODUHVVHGHVFRQRFHODGLVWDQFLDHQWUHHMHV
i 3HTXHxDVYDULDFLRQHVHQORVHMHVQRDOWHUDUDQVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHORVUHVXOWDGRV
6HQWLGRORQJLWXGLQDOSyUWLFRVDVHSDUDFLRQHVHQWUHDP
78


$&&,21(6(11$9(6
7,326<)250$'($3/,&$&,1

\

z

7,326'(&$5*$
 GravitatoriasFDUJDVSXQWXDOHVGyQGHDSR\DQODVFRUUHDVH[FHSWRPeso Propio de la
estructuraORVSURJUDPDVGHFiOFXORORHYDO~DQDOSUHGLPHQVLRQDU
 VientoXQLIRUPHVREUHSDUHGGHEORTXHRSUHIDEULFDGRKRUL]RQWDO3XQWXDOVREUHFKDSD
IDFKDGDRFXELHUWDFRQFRUUHDVRSDQHOSUHIDEULFDGRYHUWLFDOYLJDVGHVXMHFLyQ
&$/&8/2'(/$6&$5*$6
3yUWLFRV \ VRSRUWHV SDUD
VLPSOLILFDU S VXSHUILFLDO VH
PXOWLSOLFD SRU OD VHSDUDFLyQ
HQWUH SyUWLFRV V SDUD
UHIHULUOD D PHWUR OLQHDO GH
ORQJLWXGGHGLQWHOT
&HORVtDVSVHPXOWLSOLFDSRU
OD VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH SyUWLFRV
V \ SRU OD VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH
FRUUHDV VF FRPR FDUJD
SXQWXDOHQQXGR3
',5(&&,1'(/$6&$5*$6
Acciones permanentes 
SRUXQLGDGGHORQJLWXGGHEDUUDRFKDSD
Sobrecarga de uso\Nieve SRUXQLGDGGHORQJLWXGGHSUR\HFFLyQKRUL]RQWDO
Viento 




SHUSHQGLFXODUDODIDFKDGDRFXELHUWD
79


9,(172(1&8%,(57$
       



z

&XELHUWD1DYHFHUUDGDVLPpWULFDDGRVDJXDVYLHQWRFRQWUDODIDFKDGDODWHUDO
x 8QLIRUPHSDUDHOGLQWHOGHXQSyUWLFR
x 3XQWXDOHQXQDFHORVtDHQGyQGHDSR\HQODVFRUUHDV


+LSyWHVLVGHFDUJD
90i[LPDVXFFLyQHQFXELHUWD
x (QSyUWLFRV12VXHOHSURSRUFLRQDUORVSHRUHVHVIXHU]RV\QRVHWLHQHHQFXHQWD
x (QFHORVtDVSRULQYHUVLyQGHOD[LOHOWLUDQWHVHFRPSULPHSRUVXFFLyQGHOYLHQWR

(OD[LOHVSHTXHxRSHURHOSDQGHRODWHUDORYXHOFRSXHGHDIHFWDUDODFHORVtD

90i[LPDSUHVLyQHQFXELHUWD
6HLQFUHPHQWDDOJRODFRPSRQHQWHYHUWLFDODOFRPELQDUVHFRQODVJUDYLWDWRULDV
(QFXELHUWDHVXQYDORUILMRHQFDGDIDOGyQ6LdDdHVdFSd
6L D   QR H[LVWH ]RQD - HQ ) * + HV FS   (Q OD ]RQD , HV FS   FX\D
ORQJLWXGSXHGHVHUPD\RURPHQRUTXHD
710


&20%,1$&,21(6'(&$5*$
(67$'2/0,7(/7,02\GH6(59,&,2



z

6HVHOHFFLRQDQODVPiVGHVIDYRUDEOHVDFFLyQYDULDEOHSULQFLSDO(QURMR(/6



&RPE
x

ELU
(/6

x




3HVR
SURSLR
*
1.35 
1.35 
1.35 
0.80 
1.35 

6XVR

1LHYH

6
1.50 )
1.50 

1
0.75 
0.75 
0.75 

9LHQWR
6XFFLyQ
3UHVLyQ
9
9
0.90 
1.50 
1.50 

1.50 

0.90 

 Comb. 1 &RQGLFLyQ GH VLPHWUtD ,PSRUWDQWH FHUFDQD D ORV Pi[LPRV UHVXOWDGRV
SHUPLWLHQGRXQFKHTXHRVHQFLOORGHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRGHODHVWUXFWXUD
Comb. 2VHUiODSHRUKDELWXDOPHQWH(QGLQWHOHVSDUDdDdODSUHVLyQHQ
FXELHUWDODKDFHSHRUTXHOD&RPE
Comb. 3SHRUHVUHVXOWDGRVVL9nnRHQHVWUXFWXUDVWULDQJXODGDVGHFXELHUWD
Comb. 4HVLQYHUVLyQGHHVIXHU]RV9nnUHVXOWDGRVLQIHULRUHVHQJHQHUDODODV
FDUJDVYHUWLFDOHV6HFRQVLGHUDHQFHORVtDVQRHVQHFHVDULRHQSyUWLFRV
Comb. 5SRGUtDVHUODSHRUFRQ1nn1!NJPHVODDFFLyQSULQFLSDO\6QR
VHFRQVLGHUDVHJ~Q&7(6(\6 
711


',0(16,21$'2
&2(),&,(17(E'(3$1'(2(13,/$5(6 



z

2EWHQFLyQGHODORQJLWXGGHSDQGHR/. E/
3,/$53/$12'(/3257,&2
3257,&2QXGRVUtJLGRV 
E /$OWXUDGHOSLODUKSLODU
&(/26,$XQLyQUtJLGDDOSLODU E /$OWXUDSLODUKDVWDHOFRUGyQLQIHULRU
3,/$53/$12/$7(5$/
3yUWLFRRFHORVtD
)DFKDGDVODWHUDOHVDUULRVWUDGDVE YLJDDUWLFHPSE YDORUWHyULFR
/RQJLWXGVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHULRVWUDV/ULRVWUD
1RDUULRVWUDGDE FRQVWUXFFLyQGLiIDQDRDELHUWD
&RQPXURVGHKRUPLJyQRPDFL]RVELHQXQLGRVDOSLODU12KD\SDQGHRODWHUDO
5LRVWUDV\FRUUHDVXQLGDVDXQSDQHORFKDSDUtJLGDVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHFRUUHDV



'
,
0
(
1
6
,
712





',0(16,21$'2
&2(),&,(17(E'(3$1'(2(19,*$6'(&8%,(57$ 

z

',17(/
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFR
3257,&2VHDGRSWDUiE ORQJLWXGGHOQXGRGHHVTXLQDDFXPEUHUDOGLQWHO
&(/26,$VHSDUDFLyQHQWUHQXGRVGHOFRUGyQVXSHULRUE WXERVE 
3ODQRODWHUDOE 
6HSDUDFLyQHQWUHFRUUHDVFXELHUWDUtJLGDRHQWUHULRVWUDVQRUtJLGD


713


&20352%$&,21'(3(5),/(6($(
'()250$&,21(6      



z

&20352%$&,1'(3(5),/(6
0pWRGR6LQYXHOFR3LH]DQRVXVFHSWLEOHDGHIRUPDFLRQHVSRUWRUVLyQDUULRVWUDGD
/RVHVIXHU]RVGHEHQSHUWHQHFHUDODPLVPDFRPELQDFLyQ
3URSLHGDGHVPHFiQLFDV:SO6HFFLRQHVGH&ODVH\:HO6HFFLRQHVGH&ODVH
Comprobacin de resistencia $[LON\IOHFWRUMGHODPLVPDVHFFLyQ
(QJHQHUDOODFRPELQDFLyQGH0PD[GDUiORVPD\RUHVtQGLFHVUHVLVWHQWHV
Comprobacin de pandeo
$[LON\IOHFWRUMPi[LPRVGHWRGDODEDUUD
'RVFRPSUREDFLRQHV
 3DQGHRHQHOSODQRGHOSyUWLFRRHVWUXFWXUD33
 3DQGHRHQHOSODQRODWHUDO3/
'()250$&,21(6
&RPSUREDFLRQHV\OLPLWDFLRQHVUHFRPHQGDGDVGHGHIRUPDFLyQHQQDYHV
7LSR
$SDULHQFLD
DVSHFWR
,QWHJULGDG
GDxRVHQSDUHGHV


714


/LPLWDFLyQ
9HUWLFDO
+RUL]RQWDO
Luz
200 

hpilar

150 

hpilar

250 

7,326'(3257,&26$'26$*8$6
',$*5$0$'()/(&725(6  

\

z

(1/$&(6<$32<26
6HJ~QHOWLSRGHQXGRV
5,*,'27RGRVORVQXGRVVRQ
UtJLGRVEDVHVHPSRWUDGDV
%,$57,&8/$'25yWXODVHQOD
EDVHGHORVSLODUHV
75,$57,&8/$'2 5yWXODV HQ
ODEDVHGHSLODUHV\FXPEUHUD
020(172)/(&725
&$5*$69(57,&$/(6
(VIXHU]RPiVLPSRUWDQWH
'HVWDFDQVHFFLRQHV
)OHFWRU SRVLWLYR HQ OD
EDVHGHOSLODU0
)OHFWRU QHJDWLYR HQ OD
HVTXLQD0 0
)OHFWRU Pi[LPR SRVLWLYR
GHOGLQWHO0PD[[


81

ENLACES Y APOYOS
TIPOS DE PORTICOS 






 








3257,&275,$57,&8/$'2




3257,&26%,$57,&8/$'26



3257,&2'(18'265,*,'26





82

,1)/8(1&,$'(/7,32'(3(5),/
(1/26)/(&725(6     



z

6HGHEHFRQRFHU(/3(5),/SDUDUHDOL]DUHOFiOFXORSUHGLPHQVLRQDGR
6LPRGLILFDPRVHOSHUILOFDPELDQORVPRPHQWRV
(OIOHFWRU12GHSHQGHGHODLQHUFLDGHFDGDEDUUDHQFRQFUHWR
(OIOHFWRUGHSHQGHGHOD5(/$&,21'(,1(5&,$6SLODUGLQWHO,SLODU,GLQWHO
$OILMDUXQD,SLODU,GLQWHOORVIOHFWRUHVQRFDPELDQ
6HJ~QDXPHQWDODULJLGH]LQHUFLDGHOSLODUIUHQWHDOGLQWHO
x HOSLODUDXPHQWDVXVIOHFWRUHV%DVH0(VTXLQD0
x HOGLQWHOVHGHVFDUJD0PD[


/DVGHIRUPDFLRQHVGHSHQGHQGHODLQHUFLDGHFDGDEDUUD

83

',$*5$0$'()/(&725(69,(1729
$;,/(6         



)/(&725(69
x 0HQRUHVDODV
JUDYLWDWRULDV
x 3LODUGHEDUORYHQWR
VLJQRFRQWUDULRD
YHUWLFDOHV
x 3LODUGHVRWDYHQWR
GHLJXDOVLJQRTXH
ODVYHUWLFDOHVEDVH
\HVTXLQD
(OPD\RUIOHFWRUVH
REWLHQHDOFRPELQDU
FDUJDVYHUWLFDOHV\
YLHQWR&RPE6
SULQFLSDO
$;,/(6
x 1 GD WHQVLRQHV
PX\LQIHULRUHVDODVGHELGDVD0LQFOXVRVRQGHVSUHFLDEOHV
x 0iVLPSRUWDQWHSRUHVEHOWH]TXHSRUUHVLVWHQFLD
x 6HGHEHDQDOL]DUHOSDQGHRHVWDELOLGDGODWHUDOGHSLODUHV\GLQWHOHV

84

z

'()250$&,21(63257,&25,*,'2
3(5),/(6        



z

'()250$&,21(6

x 'HSHQGHQGHOD
LQHUFLDGHFDGD
SHUILO
x 0iVULJLGH]
PHQRUHVIOHFKDV
3URSRUFLyQLQYHUVD
FRQODLQHUFLDGH
WRGRVORVSHUILOHV
x &DUJDVVLQPD\RUDU
FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
3(5),/(6

` 8VXDOHVOD,3(,31SHRUHQSLODUHV\GLQWHOHV

` 3LODUHV+($+(%PD\RUSHVRSUHFLRRFXSDPHQRUHVSDFLRPiVHVWDEOHODWHUDO
` 6HrecomiendaTXHHOSLODUVHDySHUILOHVPD\RUDOGLQWHODFDUWHODGR
` /RVIOHFWRUHVGHSHQGHQGH,SLODU,GLQWHO6LHV&WH0[ &WH/DV,3(PDQWLHQHQ
XQDVUHODFLRQHVEDVWDQWHILMDVGHLQHUFLDODV+QR
SHUILOVXSHULRU SHUILOHVVXSHULRU
,SLODU,GLQWHO|
,SLODU,GLQWHO|

SHUILOHVVXSHULRU
,SLODU,GLQWHO|


85

3257,&2'(6(&&,21'(&$1729$5,$%/(
357,&2$7,5$17$'2       

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

Vigas de canto (inercia) variable:

- Disminucin importante de la flecha.
Ejemplo: Prtico triarticulado. inercia
variable con igual gasto de acero.
- El coeficiente E de pandeo depende de la
deformacin del prtico (mayor para el
prtico triarticulado, sobre todo el pilar).
Prtico atirantado
- 'h, esquina se reduce mucho si se dispone un tirante que una las esquinas:
- Los flectores dependen de la
seccin del cable.
- Es conveniente colgar el cable
con pndolas.
- Al perder tensin el cable
(relajacin, fallo de anclaje,
catenaria), pierde eficacia.
- Para viento no es til (las
esquinas se aproximan).
- Se usa en rehabilitacin para reforzar un prtico existente. En invernaderos para aligerar
perfiles y para suspender (sbanas) o colgar (inst. aspersin, bandejas, tutores, etc.).

86

$&$57(/$0,(17263257,&25,*,'2
7,326          



z

` )DEULFDUXQSHUILOGHFDQWRYDULDEOHWDOTXHODYLJDWHQJDPD\RU:GyQGHHVPD\RU0
(ODKRUURGHDFHURFRPSHQVDHOLQFUHPHQWRGHFRVWHGHIDEULFDFLyQ/X]!P
7,326
'LQWHOHQHOQXGRGHHVTXLQD0GLQWHOEDMDUiSLGR\HVQHFHVDULDSRFDORQJLWXGGHFDUWHOD
 &XPEUHUD QR QHFHVDULR SRU HVIXHU]RV 5HGXFH OD IOHFKD HQ FXPEUHUD )DFLOLWD HO
PRQWDMHGHOQXGR3XHGHWHQHUHQWUH\P
 3LODU HQ HVTXLQD 3RU HMHPSOR FXDQGR OD ,SLODU  ,GLQWHO 3XHGH HQWRUSHFHU R GLILFXOWDU VL
H[LVWHQRILFLQDVLQWHULRUHVFiPDUDVSXHQWHVJU~DHWF
3LODUHQVXEDVHRHQORQJLWXGSODWDEDQGDVRFKDSDVVROGDGDVDODOD3RFRKDELWXDO
UHKDELOLWDFLyQ0HMRUVXELUHOSHUILO


87

$&$57(/$0,(172GH(648,1$
&$172K/21*,78'/  



z












&$/&8/2&DQWRK6HDFRQVHMDHOGREOHRDOJRPHQRVGHOKGLQWHO
i&RQKVHREWLHQH:HO|:SLODUQHFHVDULRSDUDVRSRUWDU0HVTXLQD
i8VDU:HOFODVHHQOXJDU:SO
i&iOFXORGH:HO7DEODVIyUPXODVSURJUDPDV,3(K PPSDVDDPP
&$/&8/2/RQJLWXG/GHOD/X]GHODQDYHRDOJRPiVODUJR
&iOFXORGLQWHOHQHOWUDPRGH, &WHGHEHUHVLVWLU0PD\RUHQWUH>0PD[0F@
0FGHSHQGHGH/0PD[HVILMR
0i[LPDORQJLWXGODVHFFLyQTXHFXPSODTXH0F 0PD[
&DPELRVGHKR/VXHOHQDOWHUDUPX\SRFRODOH\GHPRPHQWRV

88

)$%5,&$&,1$&$57(/$0,(1726
          



7UHV HMHPSORV SDUD IDEULFDU XQ

FDUWDEyQRDFDUWHODPLHQWR
$,QWURGXFLU XQD FKDSD DGLFLRQDO
&DQWRHOTXHVHGHVHH
%$xDGLHQGRXQFDVTXLOORGHSHUILO
&/D GLDJRQDO GHO QXGR HV OD XQLyQ
HQWUHSLODU\GLQWHO




89

TIPOS DE ACARTELAMIENTOS
 




















810

TIPO A

&$57$%21&80%5(5$

&$57$%21(648,1$

z

TIPOS DE ACARTELAMIENTOS
TIPO B






















811

TIPOS DE ACARTELAMIENTOS
TIPO C




















 

812

&DUWDEyQSLODUGLQWHO

TIPOS DE ACARTELAMIENTOS
Otros





















































3,/$5+($ 



















































)DOWDFKDSDDWUDFFLyQ
)DOWDFKDSDFRPSUHV
3RVLFLyQULRVWUD
)RUPDGHFDUWHOD



















































',17(/
,3( 


















813

18'2'((648,1$
       



5HIXHU]RVGHOQXGR
'HELGRDO020(1721(*$7,92HQODHVTXLQD
x75$&&,21(6
DODH[WHULRU
x&2035(6,21(6 DODLQWHULRU
5,*,',=$'25(6FKDSDVTXHD\XGDQDWUDQVPLWLU
ODVVHQWUHGLQWHOSLODU
7UDQVYHUVDOGHQXGR
x (TXLOLEUDODVIXHU]DVHQHVTXLQDV
6HDFRQVHMDHQJHQHUDOGLVSRQHUHOULJLGL]DGRU
GLDJRQDOVDOYRSyUWLFRVQXGRVSHTXHxRV
x $\XGDDHYLWDUODDEROODGXUDGHODOPD

6LQ
ULJLGL]DGRUo



814

z

18'2'((648,1$
       



z

 'HO DOD VXSHULRU GHO GLQWHO )DFLOLWD OD WUDQVPLVLyQ GH WHQVLRQHV GH WUDFFLyQ GHO
DODVXSHULRUGHOGLQWHODOSLODU
6LUYHDGHPiVGHFKDSDRWDSDGHFLHUUHGHOSLODU
&RQYLHQH ORV ODGRV LQFOLQDGRV GH OD FKDSD HQ VX XQLyQ DO GLQWHO SDUD TXH HO
HVIXHU]RVHWUDQVPLWDDORDQFKRGHWRGDVXDOD
3XHGHWHQHUXQiUHDWUDQVYHUVDOVLPLODUDODGHOGLQWHOPLVPDDQFKXUD\HVSHVRU






815

18'2'((648,1$
5()8(5=2675$169(56$/(6 
Transversales del dintel: Pandeo lateral
del cartabn. El ala inferior comprimida
tiende a desviarse de lado
Afecta sobre todo a la esquina al
disminuir el flector rpidamente
segn se aleja del nudo
Vigas laminadas y/o cargas bajas o
moderadas, basta con disponer
rigidizadores en el alma (b: ancho
del ala):
/ d  L

 E  

Vigas armadas o grandes esfuerzos:

se sujeta el ala inferior comprimida
con 2 tornapuntas que se unen a la
correa.
Deben soportar N/100 siendo N = fydtfb
(tf: espesor del ala).


816

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

18'2'(&80%5(5$
62/8&,1&216758&7,9$(1(648,1$ 



z

18'2'(&80%5(5$
&DUWHODQRQHFHVDULDSRUHVIXHU]RVQRVHFDOFXOD
$XPHQWDODULJLGH]GHOSyUWLFR\UHGXFHODIOHFKDHQFXPEUHUD
$ODLQIHULRUKRUL]RQWDORTXHEUDGD&DQWR\ORQJLWXGWRWDOK|KSHUILO/|/HVTXLQD
)DFLOLWDODWUDQVPLVLyQGHVGHWUDFFLyQSRUHODODLQIHULRU)DFLOLWDHOPRQWDMH

817

NUDO DE CUMBRERA

























818

38(17(6*5$
     

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

~ Gra (carretn) que se desplaza sobre

una viga puente, a su vez todo el

conjunto puede moverse en sentido
longitudinal de la nave, mediante dos
vigas carril a cada lado
~ Acciones verticales P: son el peso del
puente gra (fijo) y su capacidad
mxima (variable)
~ Al frenar el puente gra se originan
unas fuerzas de inercia en la direccin
del movimiento:
f En la direccin de la viga puente 1/10 P
f En la direccin de la viga carril 1/7 P
~ Pilar : empujes horizontales no elevados: IPE HEA.
Empujes altos: 2UPN empresilladas o un perfil doble T armado, hasta la meseta de apoyo de la
viga carril. A partir de all puede proyectarse un prtico convencional
~ Flecha y desplazamiento horizontal mximo de la viga carril (desgaste de la rodadura del puente),
se limita a 1/800 de la Luz o al valor recomendado por el fabricante
~ Respecto a los apoyos de la va carril (h: altura), el desplome se limita a h/300
Entre apoyos enfrentados el desplome relativo no ser superior a 20 mm

819

PUENTES GRA





















820

3257,&2'2%/($'26$*8$6
(6)8(5=26       



z

Cargas verticales:
x El pilar central trabaja a
compresin sin flexin con
carga simtrica
x A nieve asimtrica (segn CTE:
qnieve; qnieve/2) el pilar central
tendr menos axil pero con
flexin, por lo que ser una
hiptesis peor
x El dintel cambia muy poco
respecto al prtico simple
x El flector en la base de los
pilares laterales crece bastante
x En prticos mltiples (varios
vanos) el efecto es mayor. Los empujes debidos a acciones trmicas pueden ser importantes
Viento:
x El pilar central tiene bastante menos flector que los laterales
x Comportamiento similar al prtico simple

821

3257,&2'2%/($'26$*8$6
'()250$&,21(6     
Deformaciones:
La relacin entre '2,h y '3,v
es el doble que el prtico
simple: '   h  '  v tg D
x El empuje horizontal sobre
la cabeza del pilar es
mayor
'()250$&,21(6
x Esto es la causa del elevado
3257,&2'2%/(
momento en la base del pilar
3257,&26,03/(
Perfiles y acartelamientos:
x En dinteles y pilares extremos similar al prtico simple
x En el pilar central, si la nave es
difana, mejor un perfil H ( 2IPE)
Acciones:
x Reduccin del viento un 40% a
partir del 4 faldn
x Las acumulaciones de nieve o
granizo sobre el pilar central no
suele generar mayores esfuerzos

822



'YHUWLFDO
FP
FP

z

'KRUL]RQWDO
FP
FP

PORTICO DOBLE A DOS AGUAS
















823

0$548(6,1$6
    
x Situadas

en cualquier muro
(lateral o hastial) y en toda o parte
de su longitud.
x Altura libre mayor de 3 m. pero si
son superiores a 5 m pueden ser
poco eficaces para una lluvia
racheada o con viento.
x Vuelo | < 1 m, perfil simple IPE
soldado al pilar.
x Vuelo | < 2 a 3 m, viga de alma
llena de inercia variable.
x Vuelo < 6 a 8 m.: marquesina en
celosa de canto variable o con
una viga soportada con un tirante
desde un punto superior del pilar.
El tirante, con succin del viento,
podra estar comprimido.
x Vuelos superiores: disponer en el
exterior de algunos pilares.


824

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

MARQUESINAS
PERFIL DOBLE T
















825

MARQUESINAS
CELOSIAS
















826

MARQUESINAS
PERFIL Y TIRANTE
















827

MARQUESINAS
OTROS CASOS
















828

275267,326(6758&785$/(6$3257,&$'26
              



z

xEstructuras para

invernaderos (a).
x Prtico a un agua (b) y
combinacin de ellos (c) o
diente de sierra
x Naves de cubiertas planas
(d) de pilares de base
rgida o articulada (e).
Dintel continuo
x Naves con lucernario
lateral (f).
x Prticos con jabalcn y
celosa central longitudinal
para eliminar pilares (g).
x Naves con dintel curvo y
tirante (h, i)

829

OTROS TIPOS ESTRUCTURALES APORTICADOS

ASIMTRICO, VARIAS AGUAS, AMANSARDADO, LUCERNARIO CENITAL
















830

OTROS TIPOS ESTRUCTURALES

ARCOS, POLIGONALES




















831

(6758&785$675,$1*8/$'$6
7,32/2*,$      



z

x 5HSHWLFLyQGHWULiQJXORV7UDQVIRUPDQODIOH[LyQGHXQDYLJDHQD[LOHV
x 3DUDQXGRVDUWLFXODGRVFDUJDVHQORVQXGRVVyORH[LVWHQD[LOHVHQODVEDUUDV
x ,VRVWiWLFDORVD[LOHVQRGHSHQGHQGHODVSURSLHGDGHVPHFiQLFDVGHODVEDUUDV

1RHVQHFHVDULRSUHGLPHQVLRQDU&DPELRVGHSHUILOQRPRGLILFDQORVD[LOHV
x (QJHQHUDOORVQXGRVVRQUtJLGRV$SDUHFHQIOHFWRUHVVHFXQGDULRVHQODVEDUUDV
x 6LVHFXPSOHQODVFRQGLFLRQHVGHHVWRVIOHFWRUHVVRQGHVSUHFLDEOHV
x /RV SLODUHV WUDEDMDQ D IOH[RFRPSUHVLyQ FRQ IOHFWRUHV PX\ LQIHULRUHV D ORV GH XQ

SyUWLFRDGRVDJXDV
x (OHPHQWRVGHXQD&(5&+$&(/26,$FDQWRFRQVWDQWH\&(/26,$DGRVDJXDV



91

3$50(7526'(',6(f2
$;,/(6&(/26,$6  



z

&$172
x 6HUHFRPLHQGD/X]K/X](QHODSR\RK/ >@P
x (OD[LOGHORVFRUGRQHVHVLQYHUVDPHQWHSURSRUFLRQDODOFDQWR
x 0D\RUFDQWRPHQRUIOHFKD/DIOHFKDQRVXHOHVHUOLPLWDQWH
x &DQWRnnQDYHPiVDOWDGLDJRQDOHVODUJDV
3(1',(17(
x 3HQGLHQWHDOWDRFDVLRQDXQH[FHVLYRFDQWRFHQWUDO0HMRUFHUFKD
$;,/(6&(/26,$6
x &RUGyQVXSHULRUFRPSUHVLyQ&RUGyQLQIHULRUWUDFFLyQ0i[LPRVHQHOFHQWUR
x 'LDJRQDOHV,QFOLQDGDVDODSR\RFRPSUHVLyQ0HQRUiQJXORGHLQFOLQDFLyQPiVD[LO



92

3$50(7526'(',6(f2
237,0,=$&,1   

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

x Optimizacin: conseguir la triangulacin de menor peso en perfiles

x Las barras comprimidas deben ser las ms cortas (la esbeltez penaliza O o F < 1)
x Cerchas: la triangulacin (a2) podra ser ms econmica que (a1), porque las diagonales a

traccin son las barras ms largas

x Celosas no est claro:
Respecto a las diagonales es mejor la (b1). Diagonal = traccin ; Montante = compresin
Respecto a los cordones es mejor la (b2), pues el mayor axil es de traccin
x En la prctica, no es un asunto relevante, pues las celosas de cubiertas ligeras suelen
emplear poco acero respecto a otras tipologas


93

3$50(7526'(',6(f2
&(5&+$6<&(/26$6'(9$5,269$126

D9LJDV VLPSOHPHQWH DSR\DGDV FRPR
FHUFKDVDLVODGDV6yORHOSLODUFHQWUDO
WLHQHHOGREOHGHD[LO
E9LJDVFRQWLQXDV
x $PD\RUFDQWRHQHOFHQWURF!E

PD\RU HV HO HIHFWR GH FRQWLQXLGDG

PD\RU HO PRPHQWR FHQWUDO \ PD\RU
ORVD[LOHVHQODVEDUUDVHQHOFHQWUR
x (O PRPHQWR HV QHJDWLYR WUDFFLyQ

HQ HO FRUGyQ VXSHULRU FRPSUHVLyQ

HQHOFRUGyQLQIHULRU
x /DV GLDJRQDOHV FHQWUDOHV G WLHQHQ

HOHYDGRV D[LOHV $ YHFHV PD\RUHV

TXHORVFRUGRQHV
x (OSLODUFHQWUDOSRUKLSHUHVWDWLFLGDG

WLHQH PiV D[LO TXH SRU UHSDUWR OH

FRUUHVSRQGH


94

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

3$50(7526'(',6(f2
275267,326'(75,$1*8/$&,21(6 

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

xTriangulacin tipo Polonceau (a):

5 Buen comportamiento estructural

5 Se compone de dos cerchas unidas por un tirante.
5 La pendiente debe ser alta.
x Nave en diente de sierra (b):
5 Lucernario vertical o con ligera inclinacin
5 Se encara al Norte.
5 Es ms pesada que otras soluciones.
5 Provoca empujes horizontales en los pilares
x Supresin de pilares interiores en una nave en diente
de sierra mediante celosa en lucernario (c).



95

'(/$&(5&+$$/$&(/26$$'26$*8$6
             

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

x CERCHA era adecuada para materiales de cierta pendiente, como la placa de

fibrocemento, hoy prohibida. Sigue sindolo para teja y pizarra

x Reducir el canto conlleva un mal comportamiento . Soluciones: cercha rebajada y
cercha amansardada . Prolongando los cordones se llega a la celosa a dos aguas

96




&(/26,$6$'26$*8$6
',6326,&,1'(',$*21$/(60217$17(6<&255($6z
',$*21$/(6
x 0iVVLPLODUDFHORVtDVGHFRUGRQHVSDUDOHORVTXHDFHUFKDV
x ,QFOLQDFLyQD6LD!VyORD[LOHQEDUUDV($(
x 6LJQRGHOD[LOVDOYRH[WUHPDVSXHGHVHUWUDFFLyQRFRPSUHVLyQ
0217$17(6 HQ FHORVtDV :DUUHQ
6HUHFRPLHQGDRGHEHFRORFDU
X%DMRODFRUUHDVLQ IOH[LyQ
Y6RSRUWDHOSHVRGHO&,SDUD/!P
Z&DUJDVFROJDGDVGHOFRUGyQLQIHULRU
[5HGXFH/NSDQGHREDUUDVFRPSUL
&255($6
x 0HMRU DSR\DU HQ ORV QXGRV GH OD
FHORVtDQRSURYRFDQPRPHQWRV
x &RQYLHQHFRLQFLGLUODPRGXODFLyQGHFRUUHDVFRQORVSLODUHVKDVWLDOHV


97

)/(&725(66(&81'$5,26
5,*,'(='(/$681,21(6 



z

x 'XGDLPSRUWDQFLDGHORVIOHFWRUHVVHFXQGDULRV&XiQGRVHSXHGHQGHVSUHFLDU"
x 0XFKDVYHFHVODLQFOLQDFLyQGHODVGLDJRQDOHVHVDQRSXHGHQGHVSUHFLDUVH
x (VWUXFWXUD KLSHUHVWiWLFD  1XGRV UtJLGRV OD ULJLGH] GH ORV SLODUHV RFDVLRQD

IOHFWRUHVHQODVEDUUDVH[WUHPDVGHODFHORVtDODVTXHVHXQHQDOSLODU
x 'LPHQVLRQDGRFRQSURJUDPDVXHOHQFRQVLGHUDUORVIOHFWRUHVVLHPSUH
x (MHPSORkgm(YDOXDFLyQGHODLPSRUWDQFLDGHORVIOHFWRUHV,QIOXHQFLDGHOFDQWRK/


3DUDK/ P&6XS#120x4)OHFWRUoMEd PNJ$[LOoNEd NJ
0(G

1(G

 
 L1  
 
 L7RWDO  
L0  
:SO I\G
$I\G


x (OtQGLFHGHOIOHFWRUQRHVGHVSUHFLDEOHYHUVXV
x /DEDUUDGHOFRUGyQGH1PD[HVSHRUL1  L0 
x 3DUDHOFDQWRGHPHOtQGLFHGHOIOHFWRUVHdisparaLFRUGRQ0 HLQIOX\HPiV
1RWD1PD[VHUtDPD\RUDOVHUPHQRUHOFDQWRKHQHOFHQWURGHODFHORVtD

98

275$6&216,'(5$&,21(6'(',6(f2
           

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

x 'LIHUHQFLDV GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR PDUFR GH

QXGRVUtJLGRVRFHORVtDELDSR\DGDHQHOSLODU
 'HSHQGHGHOSLODUVLDUUDQFDGHO&6R&,
 'HSHQGHFyPRVHLQFOLQHOD~OWLPDGLDJRQDO
x No confundir (VIXHU]R IOHFWRU \ FRUWDQWH
FRPRviga completaVHWUDQVIRUPDHQODV
EDUUDVHQD[LOHVPpWRGRGHCullman-RitterR
GHODVsecciones1FRUGRQHV 0K
~ n PRPHQWR  FHQWUR FHORVtD H[WUHPR GH
FHUFKDnD[LOHVHQFRUGRQHV
~ n FRUWDQWH  H[WUHPRV  n D[LOHV HQ
GLDJRQDOHV
x &RUUHDVIXHUDGHORVQXGRV
&RUUHDV PHQRV VHSDUDGDV GLDJRQDOHV PiV
WHQGLGDVPHMRUDVSHFWR
&RUGyQVXSHULRUFRPRYLJDFRQWLQXD
6H QHFHVLWD XQ &6 GH SHUILO PD\RU D[LO \
IOHFWRU$KRUURHQGLDJRQDOHVRPRQWDQWHV
$OVHUQHFHVDULR:\VHUiXQSHUILOFRORFDGR
GHFDQWR
x &RUUHDV D GLVWDQFLDV GHVLJXDOHV / / SDUD
DMXVWDUVHDORVQXGRV,JXDOFDQWRSDUDWRGDV

99

&203257$0,(172&(5&+$6
         

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

x6HPRGHOL]DFRQXQDSR\RILMR\RWURGHVOL]DQWH
x(QODSUiFWLFDDPERVDSR\RVVRQLJXDOHV
x/RVSLODUHVWLHQHQLJXDOGHVSOD]DPLHQWR'KDFLDHOH[WHULRU
x (O PRGHOR GH FiOFXOR UHDO WLHQH XQ DSR\R KRUL]RQWDO HQ FXPEUHUD HMH \ GRV DSR\RV
GHVOL]DQWHVHQORVH[WUHPRVGHO&,
x6LORVVRSRUWHVVRQUtJLGRVSLODUHVGHKRUPLJyQPXURVHWFHOFRUGyQLQIHULRUHVWiSRFR
WUDFFLRQDGR R KDVWD FRPSULPLGR SHOLJUR GH SDQGHR /RV HPSXMHV KRUL]RQWDOHV HQ HO
DSR\RSXHGHQVHUDOWRV
x3DUDHYLWDUORVHGLVHxDQHQHVRVFDVRVDSR\RVGHVOL]DQWHVGHFDXFKRRQHRSUHQR
x(QXQSURJUDPDVHFDOFXODQSLODU\FHUFKDVDODYH]
x(QFHORVtDVHOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRHVVLPLODU


910

&203257$0,(172&(/26$6
         

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

CARGAS VERTICALES
xCelosa apoyada (articulada)
sobre el pilar: MAPOYO | 0.
Comportamiento similar a
una viga biapoyada. Los
pilares
slo
soportan
compresin y un dbil
momento
x Celosa unida rgidamente
al pilar con dos cordones:
Mn similar a un prtico
plano rgido (marco)
VIENTO
x Celosa apoyada (articulada)
sobre el pilar: mayor flector
mximo y desplome
x Marco rgido: reparte los
flectores entre pilares y

celosa

911

3,/$5(6'(&(/26$65,*,'$6
)/(&725(6      
&HORVtDVUtJLGDVHOSLODUDOFDQ]D
HO&6FRQXQLyQUtJLGDDDPERV
FRUGRQHV0DUFRRSyUWLFRSODQR
Comparacin verticales/viento:
 )OHFWRU Pi[LPR SXHGHQ VHU
GHPDJQLWXGVLPLODU
 %DUORYHQWR VLJQRV FRQWUDULRV
6RWDYHQWRPLVPRVLJQR
Combinacin verticales/viento:
 0iVIOHFWRUDVRWDYHQWR
 3XHGHRFXUULUELHQHQODEDVH
 NJP
RHQFDEH]D
 NJP
 &XDOTXLHUD GH ODV  FRPELQD
FLRQHVSXHGHVHUODSHRU
*619
*19
(QVD\DUDPEDV3RFDGLIHUHQFLD
$[LOHV0HQRULPSRUWDQFLD
3HUILOHV+(%+($

912



z

3(5),/(678%8/$5(6+8(&26
&25'1683(5,25     



z

+LSyWHVLVGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
&RUUHDV VROLGDULDV FRQ HO PDWHULDO
GHFXELHUWDSDQHO\XQLyQILUPHDO
FRUGyQFXELHUWDUtJLGDHQVXSODQR
'LVSRVLFLyQGHOSHUILO
~3ODQR&HORVtDVHSDUDFLyQHQWUH
QXGRV/N33
~ 3ODQR /DWHUDO VHSDUDFLyQ HQWUH
FRUUHDV/N3/
&DVR D 6HSDUDFLyQ HQWUH QXGRV
LJXDODODGHFRUUHDV3HUILOFXDGUDGR
&DVR E 6HSDUDFLyQ HQWUH QXGRV
PD\RU D OD GH FRUUHDV 5HFWDQJXODU
YHUWLFDO GHELGR DO IOHFWRU RULJLQDGR
SRU HO DSR\R GH OD FRUUHD IXHUD GHO
QXGR )DYRUDEOH DGHPiV UHVSHFWR
DOSDQGHRHMHyKRUL]RQWDO
&DVR F 6HSDUDFLyQ HQWUH QXGRV
PHQRUDODGHFRUUHDV&RUUHDVPX\
VHSDUDGDV \ WULDQJXODFLyQ PX\
WXSLGD3HUILOUHFWDQJXODUGHSODQR
6HUHFXHUGD/SDQGHR /WXERV

913

3(5),/(678%8/$5(6+8(&26
&25'1,1)(5,25
   



&25'21,1)(5,2575$&&,21$'2
1RLQIOX\HODIRUPDRGLVSRVLFLyQVyORHOiUHD
 3RUWUDQVSRUWH\PRQWDMHXQDGLVSRVLFLyQDSDLVDGDGHSODQR
GDPiVHVWDELOLGDGODWHUDO
$QFKRKVXSHULRUDGLDJRQDOHV\VLPLODUDOFRUGyQVXSHULRU
&25'21,1)(5,25&2035,0,'2
~(OWLUDQWHSXHGHUHVXOWDUFRPSULPLGRSRU
)OHFWRUGHHPSRWUDPLHQWRGHODFHORVtDDOSLODUFRPSUHVLyQHQ
ORVH[WUHPRVGHOFRUGyQLQIHULRU
6XFFLyQGHOYLHQWRHQFXELHUWDVOLJHUDVDELHUWDVRFRQKXHFRV
'XUDQWHODHMHFXFLyQREWHQHUPD\RUHVWDELOLGDGGHODFHORVtD
~(VEHOWH]ODWHUDOHOHYDGD3XHGHQVHUQHFHVDULDVULRVWUDVODWHUDOHV
~/RVFRHILFLHQWHVEGHSDQGHRSXHGHQVHU
&RUUHDV
E
&RQWLQXDV

8QLGDUtJLGDPHQWHDOSLODUFRQDPERVFRUGRQHV
%LDSR\DGDV 
~3HUILOUHFWDQJXODUHQGLVSRVLFLyQDSDLVDGDGHSODQRSRUSDQGHRODWHUDO
~6HHVWLPDVXILFLHQWHOLPLWDUODHVEHOWH]UHGXFLGDGHOFRUGyQLQIHULRULQIHULRUD
~(QPXFKDVRFDVLRQHVHOSUR\HFWLVWDRPLWHHVWDVFRPSUREDFLRQHV


&(/26,$


914

z

3(5),/(678%8/$5(6+8(&26
&25'1,1)(5,25
  

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

~&RPELQDFLyQsuccin del viento cubierta*9

~ /D GHIRUPDGD D SDQGHR SUHVHQWD YDULRV SXQWRV GH
LQIOH[LyQFRQYDULRVWUDPRVGHFDPELRGHFXUYDWXUD
~3DQGHRODWHUDOVLPLODUDOGHXQDGREOH7GHELGRDOD
HVFDVDULJLGH]DWRUVLyQJLURWRUVLRQDO
~ &6 WUDFFLRQDGR XQLGR DO &, FRQ GLDJRQDOHV \
PRQWDQWHVWUDWDGHLPSHGLUHOSDQGHRODWHUDO
~&RUUHDVFRQWLQXDVHQHODSR\R\SDQHOGHFXELHUWD
DXPHQWDQODULJLGH]DWRUVLyQVista en planta 
~ &HORVtDV DUWLFXODGDV R DSR\DGDV VREUH HO SLODU \
FRUUHDVFRQWLQXDVE 
~ 6LODHVEHOWH]ODWHUDOHVHOHYDGD
R VH GHVHD PiV HVWDELOLGDG
GLVSRQHUHOHPHQWRVGHDWDGR
7RUQDSXQWDV
&UXFHVGH6DQ$QGUpV
&HORVtDWUDQVYHUVDO
Correa biapoyada / correa continua



915

3(5),/(678%8/$5(6+8(&26
0217$17(6R',$*21$/(6  



z

x $O VHU OD ORQJLWXG GH SDQGHR PD\RU UHVSHFWR DO 3/ / TXH HQ HO 33 / HV
x
x
x
x
x

DGHFXDGRXQ5+6DOJRUHFWDQJXODUGHSODQR2ELHQ6+6HYLWDUHUURUHVDOFRORFDU
'HIRUPDVLPSOLILFDGDVHWRPDHQHOFiOFXOR/HQWUHQXGRVHQWRGRVORVFDVRV
/SDQGHR /SDUDWXERVFRQXQLyQUtJLGDDOFRUGyQ
0RQWDQWHVGLDJRQDOHVQRGHEHQVHUPiVDQFKRVTXHORVFRUGRQHV
6HUHFRPLHQGDXWLOL]DUySHUILOHVGLVWLQWRVSDUDHVWDVEDUUDVGLVWLQWRVD[LOHV
$XQTXHXQD[LOVHDUHGXFLGRQRFRQYLHQHGLPHQVLRQDUXQDEDUUDFRQSHUILOHVPX\
SHTXHxRVUHVSHFWRDOUHVWR0tQLPR[[y[
















916

275267,326'(3(5),/(6
$1*8/$5(6831(1&$-1\(035(6,//$'$6

&RPSOHPHQWR

z













917

3,/$5(6
3(5),/(6 



&HUFKDXQLGDUtJLGDPHQWHDOSLODU
&HUFKDDUWLFXODGDDOSLODU
&RQDUULRVWUDPLHQWRVGHIDFKDGD
6LQDUULRVWUDPLHQWRVGHIDFKDGD
8QLGDDXQPXURUtJLGRDFRUWDQWH
&HORVtDGHFRUGRQHVSDUDOHORV

E
E
E
E
E
E

+($+(%
 $GHFXDGR SRU GLVSRQHU GH
FLHUWR UDGLR GH JLUR VHJ~Q ]
SDQGHRODWHUDO\TXHGDUELHQ
DSR\DGDODFHUFKDFHORVtD
,3(831HQFDMyQ
 6LPLODU D OD +($ SHUR FRQ
DOJR PiV GH L] PHMRUD OD
HVWDELOLGDGODWHUDO
 &HORVtD GH JUDQ OX] SHUILOHV
FRPSXHVWRV
1RHPSOHDU,3(GHELGRDVXHVFDVDULJLGH]ODWHUDO
/RQJLWXGHVGHSDQGHR
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFR
3ODQRODWHUDO
LJXDODOSyUWLFR


918








z

18'26(1&(/26,$6
$32<2'(&(/26$(13,/$5 

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

MONTAJE DE LA CELOSIA
Vistas de alzado y perfil del nudo
de una posible solucin para
apoyo de una celosa.
A: Chapa de refuerzo vertical en
placa de apoyo
B: Placa de refuerzo horizontal
entronque con cordn inferior
El cordn superior y diagonal se
unen con dos chapas laterales.
El pilar se remata con una placa
horizontal de apoyo




919

'()250$&,21(6
&203257$0,(172 



9(QWUHGLVWLQWRVWLSRVGHFHORVtD
x/DDUWLFXODGDGHVFLHQGHDOJRPiV FP
TXHODUtJLGDDFDUJDVYHUWLFDOHVFP
x /D DUWLFXODGD  FP VH GHVSOD]D PXFKR
PiVTXHODUtJLGDFPDYLHQWR
95HVSHFWRDOSyUWLFRUtJLGRDGRVDJXDV
x9HUWLFDOQXGRFXPEUHUDPHQRUDOSyUWLFR
x+RUL]RQWDOHVTXLQDVXSHULRUDOSyUWLFR
93DUDGLVPLQXLUODIOHFKD
x1RVXHOHVHUXQFRQGLFLRQDQWH
x6XELUHOFDQWRGHODFHORVtDRHPSRWUDPLHQWR
x3RFRHIHFWLYRVXELUORVSHUILOHVGHODFHORVtD
93DUDGLVPLQXLUHOGHVSORPH
x$XPHQWDUODLQHUFLDGHOSLODU
x6LODFHORVtDHVDUWLFXODGDDOSLODUGHVSORPH
TXHSXHGHVHUH[FHVLYRKDFHUODUtJLGD
x$XPHQWDUHOHPSRWUDPLHQWRGHODFHORVtDDO
SLODUDXPHQWRGHOFDQWRHQORVH[WUHPRV

920

z

'()250$&,21(6
&20352%$&,21(6\&20%,1$&,21(6

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

~(Q(/6VHWUDEDMDFRQFDUJDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVLQSRQGHUDU
~&iOFXORFRQSHUILOHVGHILQLWLYRVSDUDFRPSUREDUODIOHFKD
i9HUWLFDOGHODFHORVtD/X]
i'HVSORPHGHORVSLODUHVKSLODUSRUDSDULHQFLD
i'HVSORPHGHORVSLODUHVKFHUUDPLHQWRSRULQWHJULGDGGHOFHUUDPLHQWR
~(-(03/26REUHFDUJDGHXVRDFFLyQYDULDEOHSULQFLSDO\QLHYHQRHOHYDGD


6HGHILQHQFRPELQDFLRQHVSRUDSDULHQFLD\SRULQWHJULGDGVLH[LVWHPXURGDxDEOH
(/6
*61


$SDULHQFLD
(/6
*619
$SDULHQFLD(Posible mayor flecha)
(/6
*19

$SDULHQFLD(Posible mayor desplome)
(/6
619
,QWHJULGDGPXUR
(/6
19

,QWHJULGDGPXUR

921

(-(03/26'(&(5&+$6
       
























922

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

(-(03/26'(&(/26$6
       

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

























923

(-(03/26'((175$0$'26'(&(/26$6
            


















924

&RPSOHPHQWRV

z

(-(03/26'((175$0$'26'(&(/26$6

&RPSOHPHQWRV

APOYOS DESLIZANTES EN CERCHAS. APUNTALAMIENTO z
























925

'(6&5,3&,1'(/$(6758&785$
9,67$<3/$17$      



z

5'LPHQVLRQHVHQSODQWD [P
5$OWXUDIDFKDGDODWHUDO PFHUUDPLHQWRPSDQHOP
5$OWXUDHQFXPEUHUD
P3HQGLHQWH
56HSDUDFLyQHQWUHSyUWLFRVP3LODUHVPXURKDVWLDOP


101

'(6&5,3&,1'(/$(6758&785$
$/=$'26        



z

56HSDUDFLyQHQWUHFRUUHDVGHFXELHUWDP
56HSDUDFLyQHQWUHFRUUHDVGHIDFKDGDP
56ROXFLyQFHORVtD&DQWRFHQWUDOP&DQWRODWHUDOP

102

-867,),&$&,1RSWDWLYR
0$7(5,$/(6(6758&785$/(6YHUWH[WR 



z

i1HFHVLGDGHVGHVXSHUILFLH
i'LDJUDPDGHSURFHVR
i3ODQWD\DO]DGRVFRQVWUXFWLYRV


103

$&&,21(6
*5$9,7$725,$6 



z



D&DUJDSHUPDQHQWH3HVRSURSLR*

3HVRSURSLR
&RUUHDV,3( NJPO[FRUUHDVP|

NJP

(VWUXFWXUDGHSyUWLFRHOSURJUDPDORFDOFXOD
&DUJDSHUPDQHQWH
NJP

3DQHOWLSRViQGZLFK\DFFHVRULRV

NJP

)DOVRWHFKR\HVWUXFWXUDVRSRUWH\FXHOJXH

NJP

7RWDOFDUJDSHUPDQHQWH
7RWDOFDUJDSHUPDQHQWHOLQHDO[P
E6REUHFDUJDGHQLHYH1 

1LHYH]RQDSDUDPDOWLWXGP SDUDD
7RWDOVREUHFDUJDGHQLHYHOLQHDO[P

NJP


NJP
NJP

F6REUHFDUJDGHXVR6
*DFFHVLEOHVyORFRQVHUYDFLyQ&XELHUWDOLJHUDGH
NJP
SHVRPHQRUDNJP\iQJXORPHQRU
7RWDOVREUHFDUJDGHXVROLQHDO[P
NJP

*Previsin. Se conoce si se calculan previamente las correas

104

9,(172
35(6,1(677,&$\&2(),&,(17('((;326,&,1 



z

G$FFLyQGHOYLHQWR
3UHVLyQHVWiWLFD TH TEFHFS
G3UHVLyQGLQiPLFDGHOYLHQWRTE
=RQD%YHORFLGDGEiVLFDGHOYLHQWRPV NJP
G&RHILFLHQWHGHH[SRVLFLyQFH

%

Grado aspereza del entorno,9=RQDXUEDQDHQ

JHQHUDOLQGXVWULDOIRUHVWDO
3LODUGHIDFKDGD
3DUDPHWURVGHDOWXUD 
FH 
&XELHUWD
FH 
$OWXUDHQFDEDOOHWHGHFXPEUHUD|P

Nota: Algunos programas adoptan el valor medio entre 0 y la altura h del pilar
105



9,(172
&2(),&,(17(6'(35(6,1FSIDFKDGDODWHUDO\FXELHUWDz

G)$&+$'$/$7(5$/Pilares

XK PGSODQRYLHQWR PKG  

=RQD'%DUORYHQWR FS% KG 
=RQD(6RWDYHQWR FS6 KG 
%DUORYHQWR SUHVLyQ

NJPP
6RWDYHQWR VXFFLyQ


KG

d

'



NJPO
NJPO

G&8%,(57$Dinteles

Y6HWUDWDGHXQDFXELHUWDSODQDD
Z9SUHVLyQ9VXFFLyQQRHVUHOHYDQWH
[=RQD,FRHILFLHQWHGHSUHVLyQFS 
PLQ>EK@
 DK  P

/, /%PEDUORYHQWR/6PVRWDYHQWR
\(Q]RQD)*+FS 

]/DFDUJDOLQHDOHV
/, G

T]RQD, TGVSyUWLFRVFHFS NJPP NJP

106

(



&$5*$6/,1($/(6727$/(6NJP
&20%,1$&,21(6'(&$5*$  

3HVR

&RPELQDFLyQ SURSLR
*

1.35
(/8

1.35

1.00
(/6

1.00

6
1LHYH
XVR
6
1
1.50 0.75
1.50 0.75
1.00 0.50
1.00 0.50



z

9LHQWR
SUHVLyQ
9
0.90
0.60

107

35(',0(16,21$'2
6(/(&&,1'(3(5),/(6



z

96LODUHODFLyQGHLQHUFLDV,SLODU,GLQWHO &WHORVHVIXHU]RVVRQILMRVVHULH,3(

9)RUPDGHRSHUDU
`(OHJLUDHVWLPDXQSHUILODOSLODU\yPHQRVSDUDHOGLQWHO
(MHPSOR3LODU,3('LQWHO,3(SHUILOHVPHQRV
`&DOFXODU\FRPSUREDUSHUILOHV6LVHFDPELDDOJXQRPDQWHQHUODUHODFLyQGHLQHUFLDV
93URSLHGDGHVGHODFDUWHODPLHQWRHVTXLQD
`KHOGREOHRDOJRPHQRVGHOFDQWRGHOGLQWHOPP
`/DOUHGHGRUGHGHODOX]PP
93URSLHGDGHVGHODFDUWHODPLHQWRFXPEUHUD
`/ORQJLWXGGLQWHOPP
`KVHREWLHQHKGLQWHODUELWUDULR  PP
9/DVSURSLHGDGHVPHFiQLFDV$:ODVFDOFXODHOSURJUDPDXKRMDGHFiOFXOR


108

5(68/7$'26'(/&/&8/2
&20352%$&,21(6   



z

x /RVSHRUHVHVIXHU]RVVRQGHOD&RPE\GHODPLWDGGHUHFKDVRWDYHQWR
x 0'LQWHO PNJH[DFWRSXHGHGLIHULUOLJHUDPHQWHGHOREWHQLGRFRQSURJUDPDV
TXHLQWHUSRODQOLQHDOPHQWHHQWUHFDGDVHFFLyQGHEDUUDGHILQLGD

&20352%$&,21(6
x 6LPHWUtDHQODFRPELQDFLyQ
x &RPSUREDFLyQGHUHDFFLRQHV
&RPELQDFLyQ&DUJDVYHUWLFDOHVWRWDOHV4 >*33J*1\1J16J6@V/X]
4 >@NJPPP NJ|)=SURJUDPD NJ
33GLQWHO,3(NJPSLODU,3(NJP7RWDONJP
&RPELQDFLyQ&DUJDVKRUL]RQWDOHV
+

>

\ Y J Y K 3LODU T%DUORY  T6RWDY    /X]  /%DUORY  T &XELHUWD VHQ D 

 >         VHQD @  >   @  NJ );3U RJUDPD

 NJ 

x &RPSUREDFLyQGHHVIXHU]RVFRQH[SUHVLRQHVDSUR[LPDGDV
109




352&(',0,(172'(',0(16,21$'2
&5,7(5,21',&(5(6,67(17(   

z

n&RPSUREDUHOSLODUFRQ0PD[VHFFLRQHVy
0RGLILFDU HO SHUILO VL HV SUHFLVR \ HO GLQWHO HQ OD PLVPD UHODFLyQ GH
LQHUFLDVSDUDXWLOL]DUORVPLVPRVHVIXHU]RV
o &RPSUREDU HO WUDPR GH LQHUFLD FRQVWDQWH GHO GLQWHO FRQ 0PD[ HQWUH OD
VHFFLyQH[WUHPRGHOFDUWDEyQyPi[LPRSRVLWLYRGHOGLQWHO
6L00VHSXHGHGLVPLQXLUODORQJLWXGGHOFDUWDEyQKDVWDTXH0 0
p &RPSUREDU HO QXGR GH HVTXLQD 6HFFLyQ  0RGLILFDU HO FDQWR GHO
DFDUWHODPLHQWRHQHOQXGRVLHVSUHFLVR:FDUWDEyQ|:SLODU
,QGLFHUHVLVWHQWHQRGHEHVXSHUDU
(OSUR\HFWLVWDDGRSWDVXFULWHULRVLGHVHDXQPDUJHQDGLFLRQDOVREUH
(QHVWHFXUVRHQWUH\
6HDFHSWDLQIHULRUDHQHOHPHQWRVGHPHQRULPSRUWDQFLD

1010

3,/$5,3(
',0(16,21$'25(6,67(1&,$



z

~ (VIXHU]RV1(G\0(GGHODPLVPDVHFFLyQ\FRPELQDFLyQ
~ /D SHRU VHFFLyQ HV HQ FDEH]D GHO SLODU [

  P (O IOHFWRU HV Pi[LPR FRQ

GLIHUHQFLD UHVSHFWR D OD EDVH (Q FDPELR HO D[LO HV Pi[LPR HQ OD EDVH SHUR
PX\VLPLODUDOGHFRURQDFLyQGHOSLODU
~ &ODVLILFDFLyQGHOSHUILO,3(&ODVHIOH[LyQ&ODVHFRPSUHVLyQ
 /DIOH[LyQHVPXFKRPiVLPSRUWDQWHTXHODFRPSUHVLyQHVGH&ODVH
 6HXWLOL]DHOPRPHQWRUHVLVWHQWHSOiVWLFR:SO

~ 5HVLVWHQFLDGHFiOFXORI\G  NJFP 
~ &RPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLD








0\(G
1(G

$ I\G :\ I\G

 

   
  

 d 


~ /DWHQVLyQGHELGDDOPRPHQWRHVHOIOH[LyQGRPLQDQWH
~ 1RWDFRQODVH[SUHVLRQHVHVSHFtILFDV($(L1

 o 

1011

352178$5,2'(3(5),/(6
3(5),/,3(


Dimensiones en mm


,3(


',17(/


3,/$5





1012

K

E WZ

WI

Seccin Peso
$
3
U FP NJP

Referido al eje
:SO\ :SO]
<<
==


, \
:\
L \
,] :] L] FP  FP 




FP  FP  FP FP FP FP


            
       
     
       
     
       
     
       
     
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
            
             
      
      

 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




3,/$5,3(
',0(16,21$'23$1'(2

z

&iOFXORGHODHVEHOWH]
3ODQRSyUWLFRFRHILFLHQWHE 
LK y L E  
 
Oy

iy
iy
3ODQRODWHUDO FRHILFLHQWHE 
+DVWDPPXURSUHIKRUPLJyQ
'HDPFRUUHDVGHIDFKDGD
LK z L E  
Oz
 
iz
iz

(VEHOWH]UHGXFLGD
/DHVEHOWH]FUtWLFDHV O FU
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFR

Oy

3ODQRODWHUDO

Oz

S ( I\

Oy
Ocr
Oz
Ocr

S    



 


 

 

 

1013




3,/$5,3(
',0(16,21$'23$1'(2

z

&RHILFLHQWHVUHGXFWRUHVSRUSDQGHR
33&XUYDGHSDQGHRy-yKEtFXUYDD

Oy

 o F y

 d 

3/&XUYDGHSDQGHRz-zKEtFXUYDE
&RHILFLHQWHFP\ E!

Oz

  o F z

  d  

&RHILFLHQWHN\\ O y
k yy

 !  OXHJR O y

1 

NEd


     
Cmy   O y  
 








F
A
f

y
yd

&RHILFLHQWHN]\N]\ N\\
&RPSUREDFLRQHV
D3DQGHRVHJ~QHOHMHfuerte\\
M y Ed
NEd
 k yy
d o
F y A fyd
W y fyd


 
 
d 
  
 

  
E3DQGHRVHJ~QHOHMHdbil]]
M y Ed
NEd
 k zy
d o
F z A f yd
W y f yd


   d 
  

  
1014

 d 5HVLVWHQFLD

 d  

',17(/,3(
',0(16,21$'25(6,67(1&,$ 



z


~ 1(G\0(GPLVPDVHFFLyQ\FRPELQDFLyQ

P
~ &ODVLILFDFLyQ GHO SHUILO ,3( &ODVH 
IOH[LyQ&ODVHFRPSUHVLyQ
/D IOH[LyQ HV PXFKR PiV LPSRUWDQWH TXH OD
FRPSUHVLyQHVGH&ODVH
6HXVDHOPRPHQWRUHVLVWHQWHSOiVWLFR:SO

M y Ed
NEd

A fyd W y fyd

~ 3HRUVHFFLyQH[WUHPRFDUWDEyQ[


 

d
    
    d 

1015

',17(/,3(
',0(16,21$'23$1'(2



z

'RVSRVLELOLGDGHVUHVSHFWRDOSDQGHRODWHUDOFXELHUWDUtJLGD\QRUtJLGD

&iOFXORGHODHVEHOWH]
33E O y
3/E  O z

LK y
iy
LK z
iz

 
 

 
  


(VEHOWHFHVUHGXFLGDV
O y 
Oy
 
33
Ocr 

Oz
Oz
 
3/
Ocr 

&RHILFLHQWHVUHGXFWRUHVSRUSDQGHR

1016

33&XUYDSDQGHRy-yKEtFXUYDD F y

 d  

3/&XUYDSDQGHRz-zKEtFXUYDE F z

 d  

',17(/,3(
',0(16,21$'23$1'(2



z

&RHILFLHQWHFP\ E!

&RHILFLHQWHN\\ O y
k yy

 ! OXHJR O y

NEd
Cmy   O y  
F y A fyd

 



     

  

 

&RHILFLHQWHN]\N]\ N\\
&RPSUREDFLRQHV
D3DQGHRVHJ~QHOHMHfuerte\\

E3DQGHRVHJ~QHOHMHdbil]]

M y Ed
NEd
 k yy
d
F y A fyd
W y fyd

M y Ed
NEd
 k zy
d
F z A fyd
W y fyd



 
d
 
  
 



   d 
  

    d  

  

 d  

1017

18'2'((648,1$,3(
&20352%$&,21'(5(6,67(1&,$ 



z


3RUVHUVHQVLEOHDOSDQGHRORFDOVHXVDHOPRPHQWRUHVLVWHQWHHOiVWLFR:HO&ODVH
3URSLHGDGHVGHODFDUWHODPLHQWR$ FP:HO\ FP3URJUDPD,3(







M y Ed
NEd

A fyd Wel y fyd

 
d

    
    d 

&RPSUREDFLyQDOJRDMXVWDGDL !SHURYiOLGD

1018

18'2'((648,1$\'(&80%5(5$
',6(f2'(/18'2     























z

1019




'()250$&,21(6PP
&20352%$&,21(6\5(&7,),&$&,21(6 
$3$5,(1&,$(/6
&XPEUHUD
(VTXLQDVRWDYHQWR
&RPSUREDFLRQHV
&XPEUHUDIOHFKD 
(VTXLQDGHVSORPH


 


1XGR



'HVSORPH



z

)OHFKD



PP  OtPLWH1RYiOLGR

PP  OtPLWH


 'HIRUPDGDFDUJDVYHUWLFDOHV 

'HIRUPDGDDYLHQWR







x 1RHVKDELWXDOVXELUSHUILOHVSDUDEDMDUIOHFKD([LVWHSDUDOHOLVPRHQWUHV\IOHFKD
,QGLFHV!SXHGHQHTXLYDOHUDIOHFKDVH[FHVLYDV
x 6HPRGLILFDHOFDUWDEyQ,3(FRQ/ PP6HUHFDOFXODHOSyUWLFR
 )OHFKDFXPEUHUD



1020

M y Ed
N Ed
PP

 t A f yd W y f yd

&RPSUREDFLyQQXGRGHHVTXLQD



    

    

  d 

*(20(75,$
7,326'(18'26



z

&DQWRP3HQGLHQWH&DQWRODWHUDOP
9&DQWRHQWUH>aa@ >PP@VHHOLJHK PD
9&DQWRODWHUDOYDOHK/ KDS  P
9/DSULPHUDGLDJRQDOWLHQHSRFDLQFOLQDFLyQPosibilidadGHTXHH[LVWDQ
IOHFWRUHVVHFXQGDULRVGHFLHUWDPDJQLWXG
93LODUFRQWLQXRKDVWDHOFRUGyQVXSHULRU
7LSRVGHQXGRV\EDUUDV
91XGRVUtJLGRVHQHOFiOFXOR%DVHVGHSLODUHVHPSRWUDGDV
9&(/26,$/DVEDUUDVWUDEDMDQD1\0|H[FHSWRHQODXQLyQDOSLODU


111


$&&,21(6
&20%,1$&,21(6



z


&RPELQDFLRQHVVHDxDGHQUHVSHFWRDOSyUWLFR9FRPRDFFLyQYDULDEOHSULQFLSDO
(/8 *19
(/6 *19
112


35(',0(16,21$'2
      



z

` &(/26,$$[LOHVFDVLLQGHSHQGLHQWHVGHORVSHUILOHV1RHVQHFHVDULRUHFDOFXODU
ODHVWUXFWXUDDOPRGLILFDUSHUILOHV
` 3,/$58QFDPELRGHSHUILOLQIOX\HEDVWDQWHHQORVPRPHQWRV
` &HORVtD7XERV
x&RUGyQVXSHULRUFXDGUDGRVQXGRV VFRUUHDV
x&RUGyQLQIHULRUUHFWDQJXODUHQDSDLVDGRVXFFLyQGHOYLHQWR9PRQWDMH
x0RQWDQWHV\GLDJRQDOHVFXDGUDGRRUHFWDQJXODUHQDSDLVDGR
` 3LODUHV3HUILO+($


113


5(68/7$'26'((6)8(5=26
&(/26,$       



z

 3HRUFRPELQDFLyQ&RPEHQJHQHUDO
 3RFDGLIHUHQFLDHQWUH&RPE&RPE
 /RVIOHFWRUHVHQODVEDUUDVGHODSR\RGHODFHORVtDVRQUHOHYDQWHVKDVWDPNJ
(QHOUHVWRVRQGHVSUHFLDEOHV


114


5(68/7$'26'((6)8(5=26
&20352%$&,21'(/$(6758&785$ 



z

&RPSUREDFLyQGHUHDFFLRQHV
 &$5*$69(57,&$/(6&RPE
4 >**(VW16@NJPVDTEFHFSV/,
4 >@NJP
4  NJ


 3HVRHVWUXFWXUD6$3NJPP NJP

3URJUDPD*OREDO)=&RPE*OREDO)=&RPE NJ
 &$5*$6+25,=217$/(6&RPE
,GpQWLFDDOSyUWLFRLJXDOUHVXOWDGR
&RPSUREDFLyQGHHVIXHU]RV
 $SUR[LPDGDGHOD[LOPi[LPRGHORVFRUGRQHV
T|4VD NJPP NJP
T V    
D
   PNJ
0



0 
 NJ
1FRUGRQHV |
K
 
3URJUDPDNJHQHOFRUGyQVXSHULRU
(OJUDGRGHFRLQFLGHQFLDHQWUHDPERVYDORUHVVHMX]JDDFHSWDEOH
115


&25'21683(5,25
[    



z


(VEHOWHFHVUHGXFLGDVy-yyz-z
/DORQJLWXGGHSDQGHRHQHO33VQXGRVHVLJXDODODGHO3/VFRUUHDV

\  ]  
\  

/N\

 
 
L\


O\

 
 
OFU


&RHILFLHQWHGHSDQGHRF&RQIRUPDGRHQIUtRFXUYDFF\ 
&RPSUREDFLyQGHSDQGHR

1(G
F \ $ I\G


116



  FP 

 d 




&25'21,1)(5,25
[[DSDLVDGR 

z

M&RPE
1(G
$ I\G


 FP 

 d 

N9&RPSUREDFLyQGHHVEHOWH]
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFRz
/N ]  

O]
L]

3ODQRODWHUDOy
/N  \   
O\
L\


O]



O]
O FU
O\



O\
O FU

 d  




 d 


117


',$*21$/(6<0217$17(6
        



z

'LDJRQDO7XER[[
1(G NJ $[LOGHFiOFXORSDUDOD&RPE
$


FP

$UHDGHODVHFFLyQUHFWDGHOSHUILO

N Ed
&RPSUREDFLyQDWUDFFLyQVLPSOH A f
yd


 cm  

 d 

'LDJRQDO7XER[[
1(G

NJ

$[LOGHFiOFXORSDUDOD&RPE

L]

FP

5DGLRGHJLURUHVSHFWRDOHMHGpELO

/N] FP /RQJLWXGGHSDQGHRHQHOSODQRGHODFHORVtD

(VEHOWHFHVUHGXFLGDV
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFRVHJ~Q]O] /N]L] FPFP 
O z O z Ocr      
&RHILFLHQWHGHSDQGHRFFXUYDF F z  
NEd

&RPSUREDFLyQGHSDQGHR F A f
  cm  
z
yd

 d 

 5HVWR DXQTXH KD\DQ GLDJRQDOHVPRQWDQWHV FRQ SRFD FDUJD VH DFRQVHMD TXH ORV
SHUILOHVQRVHDQPX\SHTXHxRVDXQTXHVXtQGLFHVHDEDMR[
118


5(68/7$'26'((6)8(5=26
3,/$5(6       



z

,QIHULRUHVUHVSHFWRDORVGHOSyUWLFR

/RVIOHFWRUHVPi[LPRVRFXUUHQDVRWDYHQWR&RPEDXQTXHFHUFDQRDOD
(OD[LOPi[LPRWLHQHOXJDUDVRWDYHQWRSDUDOD&RPEEDVWDQWHVXSHULRUDOD
3RUHVWDUD]yQVHGHEHUiQFRPSUREDUDPEDVFRPELQDFLRQHV



119


',0(16,21$'23,/$5
        
3(5),/
$FP L\FP
+($





z

L]FP :SO\FP




&RPELQDFLyQ
1[  NJ1[



NJ0[



PNJ

(VEHOWHFHV

 
  O y  

 
  O z  
3ODQRODWHUDO  Oz

&RHILFLHQWHVUHGXFWRUHVSRUSDQGHRSHUILO+
3ODQRGHOSyUWLFRFXUYDE F y  
3ODQRODWHUDOFXUYDF F z  

3ODQRFHORVtD Oy

&ODVHGHVHFFLyQ&ODVHDIOH[LyQ\FRPSUHVLyQ
&RHILFLHQWHFP\ SRUVHUE\ t


1110


&RHILFLHQWHN\\ O y  t 

NEd
k yy Cmy   O y  
F y A fyd

&RHILFLHQWHN]] N\\





     

  

 




',0(16,21$'23,/$5
&20352%$&,21(6   
D3DQGHRVHJ~QHOHMHIXHUWH\\

E3DQGHRVHJ~QHOHMHGpELOz-z

M y Ed
NEd
 k yy
F y A fyd
Wy fyd

M y Ed
NEd
 k zy
F z A fyd
Wy fyd


 
 
d
  
 


   d 

  

  

z

 d  

  

 d  

F&RPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLD

 

d     
   

 d 

$XQTXH VH SRGUtD UHGXFLU HO SHUILO pVWH UHVXOWD DGHFXDGR SDUD LQWURGXFLU XQ
SDQHOSUHIDEULFDGRGHFPHQWUHODVDODVGHOSHUILO+($


1111


'()250$&,21(6
&20352%$&,21'()/(&+$



1112


z

)OHFKDYHUWLFDO
f(/6 *619
f(VWUXFWXUD GH JUDQ ULJLGH] D FDUJDV
YHUWLFDOHV
f6HYHULILFDVREUDGDPHQWH
f'HSHQGH PXFKR PiV GHO FDQWR GH OD
FHORVtDTXHGHORVSHUILOHV
'HVSORPH
f(/6 *19
f8QFDPELRGHSLODULQIOX\HEDVWDQWH
f5LJLGH]VXHOHVHUPHQRUTXHXQSyUWLFR


/tPLWH

+($

9HUWLFDO
/X] P

/X]

FP

FP

 

+RUL]RQWDO
KSLODU P

/SLODU

FP

FP

 

',0(16,21$'2'(81$/7,//2
*(20(75,$\$&&,21(6  



z


f3yUWLFRGH/ PGHOX]K PGHDOWXUDXGVHSDUDGDVV PYHU
f$FFLRQHV
D$FFLRQHVSHUPDQHQWHV*
)RUMDGR XQLGLUHFFLRQDO GH YLJXHWDV SUHWHQVDGDV GH FDQWR  FP
NJP
LQWHUHMHVFP/RVDVXSHULRUGHHVSHVRUFPNJPFP
3UHYLVLyQ SDYLPHQWR%DOGRVDFHUiPLFDFPLQFOXVRUHOOHQR
NJP
3UHYLVLyQ WDELTXHUtD
NJP
3HVRHVWUXFWXUD\RWURV
NJP
7RWDOSHUPDQHQWH
NJP
E6REUHFDUJDGHXVR6
6HJ~QXVRSUHYLVWR
NJP
f&RPELQDFLRQHV(/8 *6  (/6 *6
f7LSRVGHEDUUDV-iFHQD,3(6RSRUWH+($=XQFKRGHDWDGR,3(
1113


',0(16,21$'2'(81$/7,//2
-$&(1$,3(     



f $FFLRQHVWRWDOHVPD\RUDGDVIRUMDGR
x &DUJDVXSHUILFLDO(/84 NJP  NJP
x &DUJDOLQHDO(/8 
T 4V NJPP  
NJP

x &DUJDVXSHUILFLDO(/64(/6 NJP   

NJP
x &DUJDOLQHDO(/6 
T(/6 4(/6V P 

NJP
f 0RGHORHVWUXFWXUDOGHMiFHQDGHQXGRVDUWLFXODGRV
0\(G
 
T /  
0
 PNJ  L
x 5HVLVWHQFLD


:SO \ I\G
 
x )OHFKDYHUWLFDOf I

 IOLP



1114


 T(/6 /

 ( ,\
/






 NJ  P   P

   NJ  P    P

 FP ! I

 FP

9iOLGR 

z

 d  
 P 

',0(16,21$'2'(81$/7,//2
3,/$5+($     



q L  
NEd
 kg 
f$[LO1(GGHOSLODU


f)OHFWRU0(GSURYRFDGRSRUODXQLyQGHODMiFHQDDOH[WHULRUGHODODGHOSLODU
x ([FHQWULFLGDGHK+($ PPPP
x 0\(G 1(GH P PNJ
f&RPSUREDFLyQDSDQGHRVLPSOLILFDGD
x (VEHOWH]ODWHUDOO] KL]  FRPRSLODUHQYRODGL]R
x (VEHOWH]UHGXFLGD O z    o F z  FXUYDF
i

M y Ed
NEd

F PLQ A f yd W pl y f yd




    

  

z

 d  Ok

f3LODUKDVWLDOVXVWLWXLUOD,3(7HPDSRU+($

1115


352*5$0$6'(',0(16,21$'2


&RPSOHPHQWR

f1RGHEHUtDUHDOL]DUVHGLUHFWDPHQWHHOGLPHQVLRQDGRFRQXQSURJUDPD
'HEHQDQDOL]DUVHSUHYLDPHQWHORVHVIXHU]RV\GHIRUPDFLRQHV
f(VQHFHVDULRGHILQLURYHULILFDUORVSDUiPHWURVGHSDQGHR
x /RQJLWXGGHODSLH]DDSDQGHR
x &RHILFLHQWHEHWDGHSDQGHR
x 9XHOFRODWHUDO
f9HULILFDUODVFRPELQDFLRQHVGHFDUJD
f1RUPDWLYDXWLOL]DGD&7(($((&
f0pWRGRGHFiOFXORDUHVLVWHQFLD\DSDQGHR&iOFXORQROLQHDO,PSHUIHFFLRQHV
f3XHGHQXWLOL]DUKDVWDYDORUHVGHODHVEHOWH]RORQJLWXGHVGHSDQGHRTXHVLUYHQ
SDUDFDOFXODUORVFRHILFLHQWHVGHSDQGHR
1(G
1(G

x 3DUDHOtQGLFHGHOD[LOFy ; Fz
F \ 15G
F ] 15G
x 3DUDHOtQGLFHGHOIOHFWRUkyy, kzy
0\(G
0 \(G
N \\
 N ]\
x 3DUDHOYXHOFRODWHUDOF/7
F /7 0\5G
F /7 0 \5G
f3XHGHQFRPSUREDUHQFDGDVHFFLyQGHODEDUUDGHILQLGDSRUHOXVXDULRWDQWRSDUD
UHVLVWHQFLDFRPRSDQGHR(VQHFHVDULRFRQRFHUFRPRDGRSWDQORVHVIXHU]RV3RU
HMHPSORDOJXQRVSURJUDPDVDSDQGHRDQDOL]DQVHFFLyQDVHFFLyQ
x (O$[LO1(GHVHOGHODVHFFLyQQRFRQVLGHUDHOPi[LPRGHODSLH]D
x (O)OHFWRU0(GHVHOPi[LPRGHOWUDPRGHOPLVPRVLJQRTXHHOIOHFWRUGHODVHFFLyQ

1116


(6758&785$75$6/$&,21$/,175$6/$&,21$/
$1$/,6,63'(/7$3'

&RPSOHPHQWR

(6758&785$75$6/$&,21$/,175$6/$&,21$/
f+LSyWHVLVGHOD50HTXLOLEULRHQODSRVLFLyQLQLFLDOVLQGHIRUPDUteora de 1 orden
(OHTXLOLEULRGHEHUtDHVWDEOHFHUVHHQODSRVLFLyQGHIRUPDGDFiOFXORPiVFRPSOHMR
fEstructuras traslacionalesORVGHVSOD]DPLHQWRVYDUtDQGHIRUPDQROLQHDOXQDXPHQWRGH

'VHWUDGXFHHQDXPHQWRVQRSURSRUFLRQDOHV\HQRFDVLRQHVGHVSURSRUFLRQDGRVGHORV
HVIXHU]RV(VQHFHVDULRFRQVLGHUDUORVHIHFWRVGHRUGHQ
fEstructura intraslacional: ORV HVIXHU]RV HQ WHRUtD GH  RUGHQ QR GLILHUHQ PiV GHO 
IUHQWHDODGHRUGHQ
f8QSyUWLFRVHFRQVLGHUDDUULRVWUDGRLQWUDVODFLRQDOHQXQDGLUHFFLyQ&7(6($FXDQGR
VHFRQVLJDDOPHQRVXQGHULJLGH]IUHQWHDODVDFFLRQHVKRUL]RQWDOHV
'DUULRVWUDGRd'VLQDUULRVWUDU

$1$/,6,63'(/7$3'
f 0pWRGRGHFiOFXORLWHUDWLYRSDUDREWHQHUHVIXHU]RVGHRUGHQ
f (QFDGDLWHUDFLyQVHDxDGHQDODVFDUJDVORVPRPHQWRVVHFXQGDULRVGHELGRVD3'L
f 6XHOHQVHULQQHFHVDULRHQSyUWLFRV\FHORVtDVDGRVDJXDV

HWF

1117


&$5*$&57,&$)FU325,1(67$%,/,'$'
$1/,6,6D3$1'(2EXFNOLQJ

&RPSOHPHQWR

f &DUJDFUtWLFDRGHFRODSVRPi[LPRYDORUGHODFDUJDDSOLFDGDTXHRFDVLRQDODUXLQD
GHODHVWUXFWXUDSRUVHULQHVWDEOHVLPLODUDODFDUJDFUtWLFDGH(XOHUGHXQDEDUUD
f $OJXQRV SURJUDPDV SHUPLWHQ REWHQHU ORV modos de pandeo R FRQILJXUDFLRQHV
GHIRUPDGDVGHFRODSVRVLHQGRFUtWLFDODGHOYDORUGHODFDUJDGHFRODSVRPiVEDMD
f /DFDUJDFUtWLFDVXHOHREWHQHUVHPHGLDQWHHODQiOLVLVHVWUXFWXUDODSDQGHRbuckling
DSDUWLUGHOIDFWRUGHFDUJDFUtWLFDDFU($(RUHODFLyQHQWUHODFDUJDFUtWLFD)FU\OD
FDUJDDSOLFDGD)(GDFU )FU)(G(V~WLOSDUD
&RPSUREDUVLXQDHVWUXFWXUDHVLQWUDVODFLRQDO
/D UHODFLyQ HQWUH OD FDUJD FUtWLFD GH LQHVWDELOLGDG HOiVWLFD \ OD GH FiOFXOR GHEH VHU
VXSHULRUDDFUtWRWDO\SRUFDGDSODQWD(MHPSOR3yUWLFRDQDOL]DGRDFU t
&DOFXORGHOFRHILFLHQWHEGHSDQGHRGHODVEDUUDVGHXQDHVWUXFWXUD
f'HEHLGHQWLILFDUVHODGHIRUPDGDGHODEDUUDDQDOL]DGDHQWUHORVPRGRVGHSDQGHR
f(MHPSORSLODU+($,\ FPGHODFHORVtD1(G NJSDUDOD&RPE
 6HORFDOL]DHOPRGRGHSDQGHRTXHDIHFWDDOSLODU
 6H DQRWD HO IDFWRU GH FDUJD GH FRODSVR SDUD HVH
PRGRGHSDQGHRDFU EDVHVDUWLFXODGDVDFU 
 6HDSOLFDODH[SUHVLyQGH(XOHU/DOWXUDGHOSLODU
(,\

 
1FU  D 1(G  
E 
 

 


/ D 1(G

E/


1118


(,

EDVHVDUWLFXODGDVE 

,03(5)(&&,21(6*(20e75,&$6


&RPSOHPHQWR

f &RQVLVWH HQ FRQVLGHUDU HQ HO FiOFXOR VL VXV HIHFWRV QR VRQ GHVSUHFLDEOHV ODV
LPSHUIHFFLRQHV GH OD JHRPHWUtD LQHYLWDEOHV HQ FXDOTXLHU HVWUXFWXUD GHIHFWRV GH
YHUWLFDOLGDGGHDOLQHDFLyQGHSODQHLGDGGHDMXVWH\H[FHQWULFLGDGHQODVXQLRQHV
\GHODVWROHUDQFLDVGHHMHFXFLyQ\PRQWDMH
f /RVHIHFWRVGHODVLPSHUIHFFLRQHVVHLQFOX\HQHQHO
x $QiOLVLVJOREDOGHODHVWUXFWXUDHVWUXFWXUDVWUDVODFLRQDOHVI
x &iOFXORGHORVDUULRVWUDPLHQWRVSDUDFXDOTXLHUHVWUXFWXUD7HPD
x $QiOLVLVORFDOGHHOHPHQWRVDLVODGRVHLQFRUSRUDGDVDOFRHILFLHQWHFGHSDQGHR
f ,PSHUIHFFLRQHVJOREDOHV
'HIHFWRLQLFLDOGHYHUWLFDOLGDGTXHFRQVLVWHHQXQGHVSORPHGHODFDEH]DGHOSLODUGHiQJXOR
IGHVSORPHIh/DIRUPXODFLyQGHOD($(FRQVLVWHHQ




I NK NP I  dNK 
dNP    

P

K
I YDORUEDVHGHODLPSHUIHFFLyQODWHUDO
NKFRHILFLHQWHUHGXFWRUGHELGRDODDOWXUDhHQP
NPFRHILFLHQWHUHGXFWRUSDUDHOQ~PHURGHDOLQHDFLRQHVPGHHOHPHQWRVFRPSULPLGRVWDO
TXHVXFRPSUHVLyQVHDXQVXSHULRUGHOYDORUPHGLRSRUHOHPHQWRNP  

f 6HVXHOHFRQVLGHUDUFRPRXQDFDUJDODWHUDOHTXLYDOHQWHHQFDEH]DGHOSLODUI1(G
f 3DUD ODV HVWUXFWXUDV DQDOL]DGDV HQ HVWH FXUVR HV KDELWXDO TXH VXV HIHFWRV VHDQ
GHVSUHFLDEOHVSRUORTXHQRVHKDQFRQVLGHUDGR
1119


&255($67,32/2*,$
'$726'(352<(&72



/X]YDQR/ P
VFRUUHDV  
P
3HQGLHQWH 
&RQWLQXDGH YDQRV
9LJDV FRQWLQXDV FRQ
FRQWLQXLGDGHQHODSR\R
XQLyQ HQWUH ODV DODV
VXSHULRUHVGHFRUUHDV
$SR\DGDV VREUH HO
dintel/cordn superior
GHXQprtico/celosa
&XELHUWD UtJLGD HQ VX
SODQR FRUUHDV XQLGDV
ILUPHPHQWHDOSDQHOFRQ
VXILFLHQWH Q~PHUR GH
WRUQLOORVDXWRUURVFDQWHV
/D FDUJD OLQHDO HV OD
FDUJDVXSHUILFLDOSRUOD
VHSDUDFLyQGHFRUUHDV
TOLQHDO TVFRUUHDV

,3(5+6&)=)
121

CORREAS
CORREAS DE CUMBRERA, DE ESQUINA Y CANALON
&255($6'(&80%5(5$



















'(7$//(&$1$/21
122

&255($6'((648,1$

z

CORREAS
CUBIERTA Y FACHADA. Apoyada. Embrochalada.





















123

CORREAS
Cubierta no rgida, rgida y tornillo autorroscante, continuidad



 










 





124

@

?

&255($6
DISTINTOS TIPOS DE PERFILES
&255($&)

&255($=)

















&255($'(5('21'2
125

&255($6
DISTINTOS TIPOS DE PERFILES
&255($(1&(/26,$ 









&255($'(78%2<3/(7,1$








126

&255($6'(78%25(&7$1*8/$5

&255($6
DISTINTOS TIPOS DE PERFILES
$32<2(19(57,(17($9$5,$6$*8$6 

&255($6'(78%2&8$'5$'2

















 

&255($6%,$32<$'$6

127

&255($6
DISTINTOS TIPOS DE PERFILES
&+$3$75$16/8&,'$ 

&255($6&217,18$6












&255($6(0,(0%52&+$/$'$

 




128

7,5$17,//$6


 

 




 













129

&20352%$&,1'(5(6,67(1&,$ )/(&725(6
&20352%$&,1'('()250$&,1 )/(&+$6  



z

$FFLRQHV\&RPELQDFLyQNJP

x *169
x *619&RPE
)OHFWRUPi[LPR\IOHFKD 0PD[

N TOLQHDO /

9DQRV
)OHFWRUN
)OHFKDD










 I PP | D









V NJ  PP / P 

K FP








I

!


I]  I\

'RV FRPSRQHQWHV IOH[LyQ HVYLDGD 0\ 0] /D IOH[LyQ SDUDOHOD DO IDOGyQ 0] podra
serVRSRUWDGDSRUXQDFXELHUWDTXHVHDUtJLGD\VROLGDULDDODVFRUUHDV0] 
1210




62/8&,1'(',0(16,21$'2'(&255($6
5(6,67(1&,$,3(        
N T V FRUUHDV /

0 PD[
0 PD[

z

 

u   u

 



  PNJ

 

 



  PNJ

N T H V FRUUHDV /

9

  u

T *UDYLWDWRULD*61  NJP

TH 9LHQWR9TEFHFS NJP NJP
GravitatoriasD 
x1RUPDODOIDOGyQ0\ 0PD[FRVD PNJ
x3DUDOHODDOIDOGyQ0] 0PD[VHQD PNJ
Viento
x1RUPDODOIDOGyQ0\9 0PD[9 PNJ
Flectores totales
x1RUPDODOIDOGyQ0\7 0\0\9 PNJ
x3DUDOHODDOIDOGyQ0]7 0]PNJ
L \  L]

0\
0]

:SO \ I\G :SO] I\G

 
 

 
 

  

 d 

1211

62/8&,1'(',0(16,21$'2'(&255($6
'()250$&,21(6,3(       



z

i2EWHQFLyQGHORVIOHFWRUHVFDUDFWHUtVWLFRV
x 5HFDOFXODUORVIOHFWRUHVFRQFDUJDVVLQPD\RUDUOLEUR
x $SOLFDUXQFRHILFLHQWHSDUDGHVPD\RUDUODVFDUJDV

TN  *61J\ 
TN  
J\
0\7
V\ V] 

J\

:HO\



J]

  


0]7


J

:HO]

 






i12UtJLGD I

I]  I\

i5tJLGD I

 





V NJ  PP / P 
I PP | D
KFP

1212

TTH
T
J]  

TN  TH 
TN

I] PP |
I\ PP |

    
PP 

 PP 




   NJFP 





 NJ  PP   P 
 FP



 NJ  PP   P 
 FP

  PP 




 PP 

 PP 
 PP


&203$5$&,21(175(3(5),/(6
,31,3(78%26      



z

8QDVHOHFFLyQGHOSHUILOLGyQHRLQIOX\HGHIRUPDQRWDEOHHQHOSHVRGHODHVWUXFWXUD
3HUILOHVODPLQDGRVGREOH7
 ,3( ,31 831 %XHQ UHQGL
PLHQWR HQ FXELHUWDV VLQ
PXFKD SHQGLHQWH 3RFR :]
5HVLVWH PX\ SRFR OD
IOH[LyQODWHUDO0]
 (O SHUILO ,3( WLHQH DOJR PiV
GHUHVLVWHQFLDSRUSHVRTXH
HOSHUILO,317LHQHDOJRPiV
GH:]
 (O HVSHVRU HOHYDGR GHO DOD
GLILFXOWDDOJR ODGLVSRVLFLyQ
GHO WRUQLOOR SDUD XQLU DO
SDQHORFKDSD
3HUR DGPLWH PHMRU OD
VROGDGXUD HQ XQLRQHV GH
SHUILOHVGDUFRQWLQXLGDG
 ,3(3HUILOPiVHFRQyPLFRTXHHOUHVWRH[FHSWRFRQIRUPDGRVHQIUtR

1213

&255($678%8/$5(6
       



z

3HUILOHVWXEXODUHV
 7XER UHFWDQJXODU %XHQD DGDSWDFLyQ
DODSHQGLHQWH
'HSHQGH GH OD UHODFLyQ HQWUH 3
YHUWLFDOHV\9YLHQWR
3RGHPRV HVWDEOHFHU HO DQFKR E
PiV DGHFXDGR HQ FDGD FDVR
&XELHUWDSODQDGLVSRVLFLyQYHUWLFDO
)DFKDGDGLVSXHVWRGHSODQR
3URSLHGDGHV
x $PSOLDJDPDSDUDODVHOHFFLyQGHOSHUILOTXHPHMRUVHDGDSWD
x 0HMRUHVSURSLHGDGHVHQHOSODQRGHOIDOGyQIOH[LyQODWHUDO0]
x $GDSWDFLyQDODSHQGLHQWH(MHPSORD\FDUJDVYHUWLFDOHVo7XER|FXDGUDGR
x %XHQD DSDULHQFLD HVWpWLFD 0HQRU LQFLGHQFLD GH OD FRUURVLyQ 0HQRU VXSHUILFLH GH
SLQWDGR
x &RUUHDVGHFXELHUWDKDELWXDOHV[[[[IiFLOHVGHDEDVWHFHU
x &RUUHDVGHIDFKDGDEXHQUHQGLPLHQWR6HGLVSRQHQSODQDV(MHPSOR[[
x 3UHFLRVXSHULRUTXHORVSHUILOHVODPLQDGRV
x $SRUWDQJUDQULJLGH]DODFXELHUWD
x &RPRHOHPHQWRVGHDUULRVWUDPLHQWRSXHGHQVRSRUWDUFRPSUHVLRQHVPiVDOWDV

1214

3(5),/(6&21)250$'26(1)5,2
&255($6=       



z

3(5),/$6,0(75,&2
 DiQJXORHMHSULQFLSDOKDOPDSHUILO
 /D FDUJD 3 VH SUR\HFWD K [ VHJ~Q ORV
HMHVSULQFLSDOHV
9(17$-$6
 6L D | E HO UHQGLPLHQWR HV EXHQR \D
TXH:[HVDOWR
 (QHVDFRQGLFLyQEDMRSHVR\FRVWH
 )DFLOLGDG GH PDQHMR WUDQVSRUWH \
PRQWDMHSRUVHUOLJHUDV
 )iFLOGHDWRUQLOODUDOSDQHOtUHGXFLGR
\PP
,1&219(1,(17(6
 3HUILOHVTXHIDOODQSRULQHVWDELOLGDGQRSRUDJRWDPLHQWR6XHOHQVHUGH&ODVHD
6HUHFRPLHQGDXWLOL]DUHO:HODVWLFRVDOYRFODVH0X\EDMDULJLGH]DWRUVLyQ\DODODEHR
 'pELOHVSHVRUDIHFWDDODFRUURVLyQ\GLILFXOWDGDOVROGDU
 7UDQVSRUWH\FRORFDFLyQPiVVHQVLEOHDPDORVWUDWRV
 0D\RUVXSHUILFLHGHSLQWDGR
 $GHFXDGDVDSHQGLHQWHVDOWDVDSRFRFRUULHQWHV0X\FRPSOHMRGHHVWDEOHFHU
XQPRGHORGHFiOFXORFDVRGHFXELHUWDUtJLGDFRODERUDFLyQSODFDFXELHUWD
 &RPSDUDFLyQ =) :[ FP:K NJPWJD 
,3(

:S\ FP:S] NJP(peso 1.3 veces mayor)

1215

7,5$17,//$6
5('8&&,21'(/$)/(;,21/$7(5$/ 

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

x 5HGXFHODOX]GHODFRUUHDDODPLWDG

HQ HO SODQR GHO IDOGyQ DSR\R

LQWHUPHGLR&RQWLUDQWLOODVD
x'LVPLQX\HODIOH[LyQODWHUDO
Mz

q ( L / 2 )2
8

1 q L2

4
8 

x $GHFXDGD HQ FXELHUWDV QR UtJLGDV R

FRQFLHUWDSHQGLHQWH
x 3OHWLQD UHFWDQJXODU R UHGRQGR
PDFL]R GH SHTXHxD VHFFLyQ
HMHPSOR z [ PP E [ Ho 
FPUHVLVWH7
x6RSRUWDODUHVXOWDQWHGHODVUHDFFLRQHVHQHOSODQRGHOIDOGyQGHODSR\RGHFRUUHDV
x(QODFXPEUHUDWLHQHQTXHXQLUVHDPERVIDOGRQHV
x 3XHGHQ SURORQJDUVH HQ ODV FRUUHDV GH IDFKDGD UHGXFLHQGR D OD PLWDG OD OX] GH OD
IOH[LyQYHUWLFDOGHELGDDOSHVRSURSLR1RLQIOX\HHQHOIOHFWRUGHELGRDOYLHQWR
x6LHOSDQHOHVUtJLGRHQHOSODQRGHOIDOGyQDOQRH[LVWLUIOH[LyQODWHUDOHVLQQHFHVDULR
x3DUDXQDWLUDQWLOODSDUDOD,3(

L \  L]
1216

0\
:SO \ I\G

0]  
:SO ] I\G

 
   

   

  

 d 


&RPSOHPHQWR
&255($6'()$&+$'$
3$1(/6$1':,&+<3/$&$$/9(2/$5'(+250,*21 z






1217

&255($6
PANEL SANDWICH y PLACA ALVEOLAR DE HORMIGON






















1218

3/$&$$/9(2/$5'(+250,*21
DETALLES DE LA UNIN A PILAR Y CIMIENTO




 
















 
1219



%$6('($1&/$-((03275$'$
3/$&$%$6(\&$57(/$6 




z

3UHGLPHQVLRQDGR
3ODFDD[E[W
&DUWHODVQFKFWF
,QFyJQLWDV3HUQRVQSI
x3/$&$%$6(
3XHGH WRPDUVH OD GLPHQVLyQ
GHOSLODUPiV>DFP@
6XV PHGLGDV VH UHGRQGHDQ
DP~OWLSORVGHFP
D&DQWRVHJ~QODGLUHFFLyQ
GHODIOH[LyQSULQFLSDO
E$QFKR
&RPSUHVLyQ D E
)OH[LyQ 
D!E
W(VSHVRUPP
x&$57(/$6
i 9DULDEOHVKFDOWXUDHQWUHFPWFHVSHVRUHQWUHPPWFdW
131


3(5126'($1&/$-(




z

i7LSRV DFHUR OLVR URVFDGR R

VROGDGRFRUUXJDGR0tQLPR
HQFDGDFDUD\VLPHWUtDHQ
FDUDVRSXHVWDV
i9DULDEOHV
` I'LiPHWURGHOSHUQR
     PP GH
DFHUROLVRy
    PP GH DFHUR
FRUUXJDGR%6%6
` //RQJLWXGGHOSHUQRDG
KHUHQFLDDFHURKRUPLJyQ
` QS Q~PHUR GH SHUQRV D
WUDFFLyQHQXQDFDUD
7X(kg)
i 7X WUDFFLyQ Pi[LPD TXH I
VRSRUWDHOSHUQR$FHUR (mm) 6ROGDGR 5RVFDGR &RUUXJ
5RVFDGR UHGXFLU
DUUDQTXHGHYLUXWD

[

FRQ

i'LVWDQFLDGHMHGHODJXMHUR
DOERUGHGHODSODFDFP

132



















/(cm)
/LVR
&RUUXJDGR
5HFWD3DWLOOD5HFWD 3DWLOOD
   

 


 







 



&$57(/$6




z

&$57(/$6
i9DULDEOHVKFDOWXUDHQWUHFPWFHVSHVRUHQWUHPPWFdW
i&KDSDVFRQIRUPDUHFWDQJXODUWUDSHFLDORDEDVHGHSHUILOHV831
i 6H GLVSRQHQ HQ HO SODQR GH OD IOH[LyQ SULQFLSDO 6H UHFRPLHQGD GLVSRQHU
WDPELpQODWHUDOPHQWH
i $\XGDQ D UHSDUWLU ODV WHQVLRQHV EDMR OD SODFD DXPHQWD HO iUHD GH UHSDUWR \
IDFLOLWDQVXWUDQVPLVLyQDOSLODU
i/DSODFDVXHOHGLVSRQHUVHHQWUHyFPGHEDMRGHODVROHUD
/DSODFD\FDUWHODVTXHGDQURGHDGDVHPEHELGDVHQHOKRUPLJyQ
133


)250$6'()$//2'(3/$&$65,*,'$6




z

x3ULQFLSDOHVYHU)LJXUD
x2WUDVIRUPDVGHIDOOR
 'HVJDUUR GHO DJXMHUR SRU HVWDU
FHUFDGHOERUGH
 5RWXUD GH OD XQLyQ SODFD SLODU
SRU LQVXILFLHQWH FRUGyQ GH
VROGDGXUD
3XQ]RQDPLHQWRRURWXUDGHOSHU
QR D WUDFFLyQ SRU GHVJDUUR FRQ
ODSODFD
x&RQVHFXHQFLDVHQODHVWUXFWXUD
*LUR GH OD SODFD \ SpUGLGD GH OD
FRQGLFLyQGHHPSRWUDPLHQWRSHU
IHFWR HO DSR\R VH FRQYLHUWH HQ
XQD DUWLFXODFLyQ R HQ XQ VHPL
HPSRWUDPLHQWR
 ,VRVWiWLFD FHUFKD ELDSR\DGD
SHOLJUR GH UXLQD LQPLQHQWH SRU
WUDQVIRUPDUVHHQPHFDQLVPR
3yUWLFRHOPRPHQWRHQODEDVHGHOSLODUHPLJUDDRWUDV]RQDVGHODHVWUXFWXUDVL
SXHGHQVRSRUWDUPiVIOHFWRU(QFDVRFRQWUDULRSHOLJURGHFRODSVR
134


',675,%8&,1'(7(16,21(6%$-2/$3/$&$




z


x 7HQVLRQHV PiV FRQFHQ
WUDGDV GHEDMR GHO IXVWH
GHOSLODU
x 'LVWULEXFLyQ PiV XQLIRU
PH FRQ SODFDV GH PD\RU
HVSHVRU
x (V FRPSOHMR WUDEDMDU FRQ
ODOH\WHQVLRQDOUHDO
x/D($(FRQVLGHUDXQiUHD
HILFD] GH WUDQVPLVLyQ GH
WHQVLRQHV

x (YROXFLyQ GH OD OH\ GH
WHQVLRQHV HQ IOH[LyQ FUH
FLHQWH 1  &WH 0n R
PD\RUH[FHQWULFLGDGe
5HFWDQJXODUFRPSUHVLyQ
7UDSHFLDO
7ULDQJXODU
3DUDEyOLFD
135


7,326'(3/$&$6
     



z

x&RPSUHVLyQFHQWUDGDGpELOIOH[LyQH 011~FOHRFHQWUDOWRGDHOiUHDFRPSULPLGD

n0RGHOR'LVWULEXFLyQWUDSHFLDOGHWHQVLRQHVVFdIF
o&DOFXORFRQH[SUHVLRQHVGHOD506LHOiUHDGHFRQWDFWRHVUHFWDQJXODUHV
$ DE: DE
VF

1 0
r
d IF
$ :
1 0
:
t
o
$ :
$

D
tH


0
1

p 3LODUHV RILFLQDV SLODUHV FHQWUDOHV

GHSyUWLFRVP~OWLSOHV
[3HUQRVQRWUDEDMDQ

x&RPSUHVLyQH[FpQWULFDH!:$
n0RGHORHOiVWLFR/H\WULDQJXODU
0RGHORSOiVWLFR/H\UHFWDQJXODU
o7RGDODWUDFFLyQ7ODVRSRUWDQORV
SHUQRV1RH[LVWHOH\WULDQJXODUGH
WUDFFLRQHVEDMRODSODFD
p 3LODUHV GH QDYHV GH FHORVtDV R
SyUWLFRVJUDQH[FHQWULFLGDG
136


$5($(),&$=
5(6,67(1&,$$&2035(6,21 



z

x (O iUHD HILFD] $HII GH FRQWDFWR HV OD VXSHUILFLH FRPSULPLGD EDMR OD SODFD TXH
WUDQVPLWHWHQVLRQHVGHFRPSUHVLyQHQWUHSODFD\PDFL]RGHDSR\RKRUPLJyQ
x$HIIGHSHQGHGHtHVODUHJLyQGHEDVDOLPLWDGDSRUVHJPHQWRVGHUHFWDSDUDOHORV
DODVFDUDVGHOSHUILO\FDUWHODVDXQDGLVWDQFLDPi[LPDcGHGLFKDVFDUDV

F


cdt

f yd
3 f jd 

$ODJEHII WIF/HII EIF

$OPDEHIZ WZF/HIZ KWIF

W (VSHVRUGHODSODFD
I\G 5HVLVWHQFLDGHFiOFXORDFHURJ0 
IMG

5HVLVWHQFLD SRUWDQWH GH OD VXSHUILFLH GH

DVLHQWR6HJ~QHOWDPDxRGHOPDFL]R
6LHVLJXDODODSODFDIMG IFG
6LHVPD\RUDODSODFDIFGIMGdIFG
+RUPLJyQ+$
$FHUR6 

IMG IFG NJFP

I\G  NJFP

3DUDHOFDVRKDELWXDO+$6HQWRQFHVHVc W
$XPHQWDODUHVLVWHQFLDGHOKRUPLJyQSRUFRQILQDPLHQWRGHOPLVPR
137


&$/&8/2'(81$3/$&$&21&$57(/$6
$)/(;2&2035(6,21      

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

,QFyJQLWDV T7UDFFLyQSHUQRV

xORQJLWXGFRPSUHVLRQHVGHDQFKREHII

(FXDFLRQHV6)YHUWLF >1(G7IMG[EHII @60SHUQRV7 >0(G1(GG1IMG[EHIIG[ @

x 3DUD VLPSOLILFDU VyOR VH FRQVLGHUD OD FRODERUDFLyQ GH ODV FDUWHODV ORQJLWXGLQDOHV
UHVSHFWRDEHIIHQD]XOORTXHHVH[DFWRVLxQRDOFDQ]DHOiUHDYHUGHKDELWXDO
x 6LxDOFDQ]DHOSHUILOVHUHFRPLHQGDXWLOL]DUODVH[SUHVLRQHVGHO$QHMRDSXQWHV
x (QFRPSUHVLyQSXUDODSODFDaxbSXHGHWUDQVPLWLUFRPSUHVLyQHQaxbeff. 6yORVH
DSURYHFKD beff UHVSHFWRD bDXQTXHHVQHFHVDULRbSDUDSRGHUFRORFDUORVSHUQRV
138


$5($(),&$=
',0(16,21$'2'(3/$&$6(;&e175,&$6



z

x (O iUHD HILFD] $HI GH FRQWDFWR HV OD VXSHUILFLH FRPSULPLGD EDMR OD SODFD TXH

WUDQVPLWHWHQVLRQHVGHFRPSUHVLyQHQWUHSODFD\PDFL]RGHDSR\RKRUPLJyQ

x 6HREWLHQHPHGLDQWHcGLVWDQFLDSDUDOHODDODVFDUWHODVRDOSHUILO

07
[ GG 
7 EHI IFG [1(G 
EHI IFG


3URIXQGLGDG]RQDFRPSULPLGDSDUDd[dG

7UDFFLyQWRWDOHQORVSHUQRVSDUDVHU7t
&RPSUHVLyQEDVHGHOSLODUSDUDWUDFFLyQ
)OHFWRUEDVHGHOSLODU
0(G1(GGDUHVSHFWRSHUQRVDWUDFFLyQ
G 'LVWDQFLDSHUQRVDERUGHRSXHVWRG DG
5HVLVWHQFLDDFRPSUHVLyQGHOKRUPLJyQ(+(
EHI PLQ>QWFFEIWFF@
Q 1~PHURGHFDUWHODVLQWHULRUHV
'LVWDQFLDPi[LPDSHULPHWUDOGHOiUHDHILFD]
F
c WFPW FP
WF (VSHVRUGHODFDUWHOD
EI $QFKRGHODODGHOSLODU

NEd
MEd
MT
fcd

bef

139


&$/&8/2'(/$3/$&$'(/3257,&2
(6)8(5=26PD\RUDGRV\0$7(5,$/(6 



z

5HDFFLRQHVHQHODSR\R&RPSUHVLyQ
&RPE

&20%

FZ (NEd,x = 0) MY (MEd,x = 0)
NJ
NJP





3UHGLPHQVLRQDGRGHODEDVHGHDQFODMH
3,/$5,3(
3/$&$

/RQJLWXG
$QFKR (VSHVRU
D FP E FP W FP

x 3HUQRURVFDGRI7X NJ NJ7DEODFRQDUUDQTXHGHYLUXWD

x 'LVWDQFLDGHOHMHGHOWRUQLOORDOERUGHGHODSODFDG FP
x &DUWHODVQF XQLGDGHVGHWF FPGHHVSHVRU


J
3/$&$\&$57(/$6 
3(5126

+250,*1(+( 

0DWHULDOHV

1310


7LSR
6-5

+$

5HVLVWHQFLDNJFP
I\G I\J0  
IXG IXJ0  
IFG IFNJF 

&$/&8/2'(/$3/$&$'(/3257,&2
',0(16,21$'2'(3(5126    




07

 [ GG 
[  
 FP
EHI IFG


 7 EHI IFG [1(G 7  NJ
 [E [ /RQJLWXGSRUDQFKRGHODSODFDGHDQFODMHFP
D
 G FP 'LVWDQFLDSHUQRVERUGHRSXHVWRG DG  

1(G NJ 0(G PNJ $[LO\IOHFWRUSDUDOD&RPE

0
 7 0(G1(GGD )OHFWRUUHVSHFWRDORVSHUQRVDWUDFFLyQ
0
 7  FPNJ
IFG NJFP 5HVLVWHQFLDDFRPSUHVLyQGHO+$KRUPLJyQ
EHI PLQ>QWFFEIWFF@ 

PLQ >        @ 
E
FP
HI

>@E tEIWFF 

 Q
1~PHURGHFDUWHODVLQWHULRUHV


  WF FP (VSHVRUGHODVFDUWHODV
  F FP 'LVWDQFLDSHULPHWUDOF W 
  EI FP $QFKRGHODODGHOSLODU,3(
'LPHQVLRQDGRSHUQRVI7X NJQS 8G
7
NJ
LS  

/ FPS FP
QS 7X NJ

z

1311


02'(/2'()81&,21$0,(172'(/$6
&$57(/$6        



z

W (VSHVRUVXSHULRUDPPRSRUHQFLPDGHWISLODU
zKF$OWXUDGHyFPYXHORVLPLODUDDOWXUDiQJXOR|
z )OHFWRUHVPiVDOWRVFRORFDURWUDFDUWHODHQSURORQJDFLyQGHODOPDGHSHUILO8G\
KDVWDHQORVERUGHVGHODSODFD8GSyUWLFRFRQIOHFWRUHOHYDGR
z 6H DVHPHMD D XQ FRGDO R WRUQDSXQWD FRQ SODFD WULDQJXODU FRPR XQD estantera
LQYHUWLGD
z F


/DFDUWHODHVWiFRPSULPLGD/DGLVWULEXFLyQGHVHVPi[LPDHQHOERUGHH[WHULRUGHOD
FDUWHOD\EDMDKDFLDHOLQWHULRU
z8QPD\RUiQJXORDGLVPLQX\HODWHQVLyQSHURDXPHQWDODHVEHOWH]GHOFRGDO
z /DFRPSUHVLyQHQODFDUWHODHVODFRPSRQHQWHGLDJRQDO9FLQFOLQDGDXQiQJXORDGH
ODUHDFFLyQWRWDO5GHODVSUHVLRQHVGHFRQWDFWRSODFDFLPLHQWREDMRODFDUWHOD
z/DFDUWHODRSXHVWDWUDFFLRQDGDFRQVLPLODU9FQRWLHQHSDQGHR\QRVHFRPSUXHED
z

1312


',0(16,21$'2'(/$6&$57(/$6
SRUUHVLVWHQFLD      



1RKD\XQPpWRGRGHFiOFXORJHQHUDOORVH[LVWHQWHVGL
ILHUHQHQWUHVtPpWRGRVHOiVWLFRVRSOiVWLFRV+LSyWHVLV
&RQVLGHUDPRV HIHFWLYD XQD DQFKXUD HILFD] /F SDUDOHOD
DOERUGHGHODFDUWHODFRQUHSDUWRXQLIRUPHGHWHQVLRQHV
5HDFFLyQYHUWLFDOSRUFDUWHOD5&RPRPi[LPRWUDQVPLWH
WHQVLRQHVGHFRPSUHVLyQGHODPLWDGGHOYXHOR[dY
(OFRGDOVHFRQVLGHUDFRPRYLJDFRQE  3/4FRPSUHVLyQ
FRQVWDQWHFXUYDGHSDQGHRcDFHUR6
&DUWHODVWF PPQF FDUWHODVKF PP

z

z3HRUFRPELQDFLyQ0D\RUIOHFWRU\FRPSUHVLyQ
zY

DK  FP[ dY 

z5HDFFLyQYHUWLFDOSDUD&RPE
5 [EHIIIMGQF  NJ
z&iOFXORGHODHVEHOWH]GHOFRGDOD DUFWJKFY
O  

FXUYDF
Y

 
   F 
WF FRVD
FRV

z&RPSUREDFLyQGHUHVLVWHQFLD


5

 d

FWF YVHQ DI\G VHQ 

1313


3/$&$'($1&/$-(
Cartelas trapeciales, rectangulares, perfil, pilar de esquina.




















1314


z

3/$&$'($1&/$-(
Pilar compuesto en celosa, perno atornillado.






















1315


3(5126'($1&/$-(
Soldados, en gancho, en patilla, doblados.




















VyORHVIXHU]RVUHGXFLGRV
1316


275267,326'(%$6(6
ARTICULACIONES. OTRAS FORMAS, PLANTILLA PERNOS, DOBLE PLACA




















1317


&203257$0,(172'(/$1$9((1&21-8172
              



z

(O PXUR KDVWLDO VH YH DIHFWDGR WDQWR SRU HO YLHQWR TXH LQFLGH VREUH pO
GLUHFWDPHQWHFRPRSRUODVXFFLyQFXDQGRDFW~DFRQWUDHOPXURODWHUDO
 (VWDVXFFLyQGLYLGHHOPXURKDVWLDOHQ]RQDV$SHTXHxD%\&7RPDUHPRV
HOFRHILFLHQWHGHOD]RQD%\DTXHVXHOHDIHFWDUDYDULRVSLODUHV
141

',0(16,21$'2'(/',17(/+$67,$/
0RGHORYLJDELDUWLFXODGD     



z


*NJP 6NJP 1NJP 9NJP  NJP
T NJP
q             kg  m IPE-200|NJP


3 NJ
/ P

3 TVFV NJP NJ

/X]GHOYDQRHQSUR\HFFLyQKRUL]RQWDORVHSDUDFLyQSLODUHVKDVWLDOHV

MPD[

P L


 


M PD[
3(5),/,3( W pl z f yd

i(OSHUILOHVWiFRPSULPLGRHVEHOWH]ODWHUDO O

142

 mkg 

 
 

 d 


  

 d  




',0(16,21$'2'(/3,/$5+$67,$/
0RGHORYLJDHPSRWUDGDDUWLFXODGD 

z


TH VK /


0[

  


 NJP 

T9 NJP

3UHVLyQPD\RUDGDHVWiWLFDFS HQ]RQD%

J9TEFHFS  NJP
VK/ PP 6HSDUDFLyQSLODUHV$OWXUDSLODUFHQWUDOPiVH[DFWR]RQD%
6HFRPSUXHEDDUHVLVWHQFLD ,3(

6HFRPSUXHEDTXHODHVEHOWH]QRVHDH[FHVLYD
143

0852+$67,$/






















144

M PD[
W pl y f yd

 
 

//DWHUDO E
L] O FUL

 d  

 
 

   

$55,2675$0,(172'(&8%,(57$
)81&,21(6<7,32/2*,$   



z

)81&,21(6

Soportar el viento sobre el muro hastial trasmitido a la

cubierta (lo transfiere a la fachada lateral)
Estabilidad del dintel o cordn comprimido frente al
pandeo lateral
7,32/2*,$

Celosa en planos de cubierta con apoyo en cabeza del

2 pilar de la fachada lateral:
- Cordones: Dintel hastial y 1 prtico/celosa (C)
- Montantes: correas (A)
- Diagonales: riostras (B)
Si la triangulacin es en Cruz de San Andrs, slo se
considera la riostra a traccin
(67$%,/,'$'/$7(5$/H,03(5)(&&,21(6

Para simplificar, aumentar la accin del viento un 30%

(*)Clculo preciso: cortante 1 riostra: VT = V + Vimp: (Gq:
flecha (viento+imperf.)a/2500, NEd: compresin ms
MEd/h (h: canto viga), m: N de cordones a estabilizar):
  D  VK 
N D
6 1(G  P
 GT 
D


9LPS

 NP

  



P

151

$55,2675$0,(172'(&8%,(57$
3$5$0(75263$5$(/&/&8/2 



z

x /DFXELHUWDUHFRJHORVGHODFDUJDWRWDOGHYLHQWRVREUHFDGDSLODU999
x 5HODFLyQGHHVEHOWH]h/d P oFS%DU FS6RW 

&RUWDQWHWUDPRFHORVtDLQFOXVRLPSHUIHFFLRQHV9H[SUHVLyQILQDO
97 | 


T 9  >D   V K  K  D K F @



  >        @


 NJ 

5HVXOWDQWHHQSLODUIDFKDGDODWHUDOLQFOXVRLPSHUIHFFLRQHV5H[SUHVLyQILQDO
57

T9
KKF
DVK
9LPS |

152


     

NJP &DUJDPD\RUDGDSLODU J 9  TE F H FS    
 


T 9  D K  K F 


PP
PP

 NJ 
 NJ  P 

$OWXUDHQHVTXLQD\HQFXPEUHUDKDVWLDO
/X]GHODQDYH6HSDUDFLyQYDQRSLODUHVKDVWLDOHV

   
  

  



 






  

 NJ

97

 NJ 

$55,2675$0,(172'(&8%,(57$
&$/&8/2<',0(16,21$'2  



z


xDiQJXORTXHIRUPDODGLDJRQDOFRQHOPXURKDVWLDOWJD 

x7UDFFLyQ1 


sen o

VT
sen D

 kg 

x6HHOLJHXQSHUILO/[$DOD [ FP

HIHFWLYDVyORHODODVROGDGDSHUILO$ FP
NEd
A f yd

 kg
 cm  kg  cm 


 d  

153

$55,2675$0,(172'(&8%,(57$
3HUILODQJXODU\FUXFHVGH6DQ$QGUpV





















154

$55,2675$0,(1726
Tubo hueco, HEA, UPN en cajn





















155

$55,2675$0,(1726
Fachada: Muro de hormign, cruz de San Andrs, estructura





















156

$55,2675$0,(172'(&8%,(57$
$55,2675$0,(172'()$&+$'$ 




z

157




$55,2675$0,(172'()$&+$'$/$7(5$/
&$/&8/2<',0(16,21$'2    

z


i5LRVWUDSyUWLFR7XER[
i$[LOVLEHVHOiQJXORHQWUHHOSLODUGHHVTXLQD\ODGLDJRQDOWJE VK  

57
VHQ E


VHQ  

 NJ

i&RPSUREDFLyQDWUDFFLyQ

N Ed
A f yd

 kg
 cm   kg  cm 

 d 

i1RWDODVLPSHUIHFFLRQHVHQFXELHUWDQRUHSHUFXWHQHQIDFKDGD6LQHPEDUJRVH
KDPDQWHQLGRXQIDFWRU[HQIDFKDGD57SRULPSHUIHFFLRQHVHQODPLVPD
158

$55,2675$0,(1726
&$/&8/2(63$&,$/ 

&RPSOHPHQWR

z

$ El anlisis con riostras puede proporcionar resultados demasiado optimistas. Conviene

realizarlo sin y con riostras y comparar los resultados

& No introducir las riostras en el clculo a cargas verticales. Pueden alterar el
funcionamiento de la estructura
& Clculo espacial: se obtiene una informacin ms precisa del muro hastial y esfuerzos
en riostras y flechas
& Clculo indispensable a viento con eliminacin de pilares

& Si se eliminan pilares conviene disponer

riostras adems en cubierta en sentido
longitudinal, y en la fachada hastial. Idem
marquesinas
$ No es necesario introducir riostras en el
clculo de esfuerzos cuando eviten el
pandeo o el vuelco lateral
$ En los vanos arriostrados, las diferencias
entre el clculo plano y el espacial son
notables
$ En las Cruces slo se define una de las
riostras, salvo que se realice un clculo no
lineal
159

$55,2675$0,(1726
De IPE, HEA, y de cable tensado.


5LRVWUDVFRQFDEOH 







)DFKDGD



 










&XELHUWD
1510

3HUILOHV,3(

3HUILO+($