Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Verbo
eat
need
bought
Objeto Directo
apples
help
a car
Auxiliar negacin
don't
don't
didn't
Verbo
eat
need
buy
Objeto Directo
apples
help
a car
Sujeto
I
you
we
Verbo
eat
need
buy
Objeto Directo ?
apples ?
help ?
a car ?
Otros complementos de la oracin (lugar, tiempo, etc.) se suelen situar al final de la misma:
I eat apples at lunchtime.
You need help in your job.
We bought a car last Friday.
Normalmente, el complemento de lugar va delante del complemento de tiempo:
I eat apples at home at lunchtime.
You need help in your job right now.
We bought a car in Madrid last Friday.
Cuando hay adverbios en las oraciones, stos se suelen situar delante del verbo en las formas simples, y entre el auxiliar
y el verbo principal en las formas compuestas (hay numerosas excepciones):
I always eat apples at home.
I have always eaten apples at home.
You never need help.
You have never needed help.
Frases preposicionales: Estn compuestas por una preposicin y un sustantivo objeto de esa preposicin.
Ann put her books on the desk. (Ver lista al final)
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Adverbios: Califican al verbo: fast, slow, ever, always usually, often: He always comes to class. She finally
finished her work.
Pronombres:
Singular
Plural
Personales:
Reemplazan el
sujeto
Objeto: la accin
del verbo recae
sobre el sujeto
I
You
She
He
It
We
They
Kate is married.
She has two
children.
me
you
her
him
it
us
them
Kate is my
friend. I know
her well.
Pronombres
Posesivos:
usados solos, sin
un sustantivo
Pronombres
Adjetivos:
usados siempre con
un sustantivo
mine
yours
hers
his
my
your
her
his
its
our
their
ours
theirs
Pronombres
Reflexivos:
el sujeto y el
objeto son la
misma persona
myself
yourself
herself
himself
itself
ourselves
themselves
I say myself in
the mirrow.
2
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Verbos regulares
Verbos Irregulares
Forma Simple
Pasado Simple
Finish
Stop
Wait
See
Make
Put
Finished
Stopped
Waited
Saw
Made
Put
TIEMPOS GRAMATICALES
Presente
Simple: expresa hbitos diarios, actividades
realizadas cotidianamente y hechos.
Afirmacin
Negacin
Pregunta
Respuesta
corta
Conjugacin TO BE Presente
I am, You are, He-she-it is, We-They are
Im, Youre, Hes, Shes, Its, Were, Theyre
Verbos no progresivos: believe, be, exist, prefer, hate,
forget, remember, like, need, want, know, belong,
love, see, hear
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Afirmacin
Negacin
Pregunta
Respuesta
corta
Tanto en los tiempos pasado y presente progresivo, los siguientes verbos no se usan con ING, es
decir, son verbos no progresivos: believe, be, exist, prefer, hate, forget, remember, like, need, want,
know, belong, love, see, hear.
Oraciones de tiempo: When, after, before y while: When I went to Chicago, I visited my uncle. While I was
watching TV, the phone rang. The phone rang while I was watching TV. I was sleeping when the phone rang.
Futuro
Afirmacin
Negacin
Pregunta
Will I dance?
Am I going to eat?
Futuro Simple:
S + WILL + VERBO
FORMA SIMPLE
Futuro Compuesto:
S + WILL BE + VERBOING
S + AM/IS/ARE GOING
TO BE
S + WILL BE
S + AM/IS/ARE GOING
TO + VERBO FORMA
SIMPLE
S + SHALL + VERBO
FORMA SIMPLE
I am going to eat.
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Afirmacin
Negacin
Pregunta
(I-you-we-they) HAVE
PRESENTE PERFECTO
S + HAVE/HAS + VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO
I have finished my work. (Ive)
Jim has eaten lunch. (Hes)
S + HAVE/HAS NOT + VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO
I have not finished my work. (havent)
Jim has not eaten lunch. (hasnt)
HAVE/HAS + S + VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO ?
(she-he-it) HAS
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Respuesta
Corta
PRESENTE PERFECTO
Have I finished my work?
Has Jim eaten lunch?
Yes, I have. No, I havent.
Yes, he has. No, she hasnt.
Expresa actividades o situaciones que ocurrieron
antes de ahora, en el pasado no especfico: Ive
never eaten there.
Actividades que se han repetido mucho en el
pasado: Pete has eaten at than restaurant many
times.
Cuando utiliza since o for, expresa situaciones
que iniciaron en el pasado y continan en el
presente: I have known Ben for ten
years/minutes/hours. I have been here since
eight oclock/May/yesterday
Afirmacin
Negacin
Pregunta
Respuesta
Corta
(I-you-she-he-it-you-we-they)
HAD
PASADO PERFECTO: Expresa actividades o situaciones que ocurrieron antes de otro tiempo,
en el pasado. Termin completamente en el pasado: I had already eaten.
S + HAD + VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO
I had finished my work.
Jim had eaten lunch.
S + HAD NOT + VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO
I had not finished my work.
Jim had not eaten lunch.
HAD + S + VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO ?
Had I finished my work?
Had Jim eaten lunch?
Yes, I had. No, I hadnt.
Yes, he had. No, she hadnt.
Futuro:
Afirmacin
Negacin
Pregunta
CONECTORES DE IDEAS
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AND:
o Dos frases: I open the door, and she opened the window.
o Dos sustantivos: I see a cat and a mouse.
o Sujeto con dos verbos: I open the door and walk into the room.
BUT: I bought a pencil, but I didnt like it.
OR: Is a lemon sweet or sour?
BECUASE: He drank water because he was thirsty.
GERUNDIOS
Usados como objeto: I enjoy listening to music. Verbos seguidos por gerundios: enjoy, finish, stop, quit,
mind, postpone, put off, keep, keep on, consider, think about, discuss, talk about.
Usados como sujeto: Coming to class on time is important.
ACTIVA
PASIVA:
BE (todos los tiempos) + VERBO
PASADO PARTICIPIO + BY
USOS DE ED Y ING
I am interested in....
Ben is an bored person....
Art is interesting
Classes are boring.
CONDICIONALES
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SITUACIN
Real en el
presente y en el
futuro
Falsa en el
presente y en el
futuro
Falsa en el
pasado
CONDICIN
(oracin IF)
RESULTADO DE LA
CONDICIN
EJEMPLO
Presente
simple
WILL/CAN + VERBO
FORMA SIMPLE
Pasado simple
WOULD/COULD +
VERBO FORMA SIMPLE
Pasado
perfecto
WOULD HAVE/COULD
HAVE + VERBO EN
PASADO PARTICIPIO
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VERBOS IRREGULARES
Infinitivo/Presente
To stand
To come up
To wake
To be
To stand
To beat
To become
To happen
To procreate
To begin
To notice
To bend
To grieve
To keep asking
To bet
To bid
To bid
To bind
To bite
To bleed
To blow
To break
To breed
To bring
To broadcast
To build
To burn
To burst
To buy
Can
To throw away
To catch
To chide
To choose
To cut
To cling
To clothe
To come
To cost
To creep
To sing
To cut
To dare
To deal
To dig
Significado
soportar
surgir
despertar
ser / estar
aguantar
golpear
llegar a ser
ocurrir
procrear
empezar
observar
doblar
estar afligido
preguntar con insistencia
apostar
ordenar
pujar
atar
morder
sangrar
soplar
romper
engendrar
traer
retransmitir
construir
quemar
explotar
comprar
poder
arrojar / lanzar
coger
regaar
elegir
cortar / romper
agarrarse
vestir
venir
costar
deslizarse con sigilo
cantar
cortar
desafiar
tratar con
cavar
Forma pasada
stood
came up
woke
was
stood
beat
became
happened
procreated
began
noticed
bent
grieved
kept asking
betted / bet
bade
bid
bound
bit
bled
blew
broke
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burned / burnt
burst
bought
could
threw away
caught
chid
chose
cut
clung
clothed / clad
came
cost
crept
sang
cut
dared / durst
dealt / delt
dug
Participio
stood
come up
woke
been
stood
beaten
become
happened
procreated
begun
noticed
bent
grieved
kept asking
betted / bet
bidden
bid
bound
bitten
bled
blown
broken
bred
brought
broadcast
built
burned / burnt
burst
bought
be able
thrown away
caught
chidden
chosen
cut
clung
clothed / clad
come
cost
crept
sung
cut
dared / durst
dealt / delt
dug
9
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Significado
hacer
dibujar
soar
beber
conducir
habitar
comer
caer
alimentar
sentir
luchar
encontrar
escapar
arrojar
volar
desistir
prohibir
olvidar
perdonar
renunciar a algo
helar(se)
coger
dorar
sujetar con cinturn
dar
ir
moler
crecer
colgar
haber / tener
or
esconder
golpear
sostener
herir
mantener
arrodillarse
tejer
saber
colocar
guiar
inclinar
brincar
aprender
dejar
prestar
permitir
Forma pasada
did
drew
dreamed / dreamt
drank
drove
lived in
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
ran away
flung
flew
stopped
forbade
forgot
forgave
left
froze
got
made golden
fastened
gave
went
ground
grew
hanged / hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knit
knew
laid
led
leaned / leant
leaped / leapt
learned / learnt
left
lent
let
Participio
done
drawn
dreamed / dreamt
drunk
driven
livled
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
run away
flung
flown
stopped
forbidden
forgotten
forgiven
left
frozen
got
made golden
fastened
given
gone
ground
grown
hanged / hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
knelt
knit
known
laid
led
leaned / leant
leaped / leapt
learned / learnt
left
lent
let
10
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Significado
echarse
encender
perder
hacer
poder
significar
encontrar(se)
segar
deber
deber
pagar
poner
leer
alquilar
eliminar
montar (a caballo)
sonar
subir
correr
serrar
decir
ver
buscar
vender
enviar
poner
coser
agitar
(auxiliar futuro)
esquilar
perder (hojas)
brillar
herrar
disparar
mostrar
encoger
cerrar
cantar
hundir
sentarse
matar
dormir
resbalar
lanzar (con fuerza)
deslizarse con sigilo
cortar
oler
Forma pasada
lay
lit
lost
made
might
meant / ment
met
mowed
had to
---paid
put
read / red
rented
rid
rode
rang
rose
ran
sawed
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
sheared / shore
shed
shone
shoed / shod
shot
showed
shrank
shut
sang
sank
sat
slew
slept
slid
slung
snuck
slit
smelled / smelt
Participio
lain
lit
lost
made
---meant / ment
met
mowed / mown
------paid
put
read / red
rented
rid
ridden
rung
risen
run
sawed / sawn
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed / sewn
shaken
---sheared / shorn
shed
shone
shoed / shod
shot
showed / shown
shrunk
shut
sung
sunk
sat
slain
slept
slid
slung
snuck
slit
smelled / smelt
11
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Significado
golpear
sembrar
hablar
acelerar
deletrear
gastar
derramar
dar vueltas
escupir
dividir
extender
saltar
levantarse
robar
hincar
picar
oler mal
diseminar
andar a zancadas
golpear
colgar algo
esforzarse
jurar
barrer
hinchar
nadar
balancearse
coger
ensear
rasgar
decir
pensar
prosperar
tirar
lanzar adelante
pisar
comprender
acometer
despertarse
usar
tejer
llorar
mojar
(auxiliar futuro)
ganar
dar cuerda
retorcer
Forma pasada
hit
sowed
spoke
speeded / sped
spelled / spelt
spent
spilled / spilt
spun
spat
split
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
stank / stunk
strewed
strode
struck
strung
strove
swore
swept
swelled
swam
swung
took
taught
tore
told
thought
thrived / throve
threw
thrust
trod
understood
undertook
waked / woke
wore
wove
wept
wetted / wet
would
won
wound
wrung
Participio
hit
sowed / sown
spoken
speeded / sped
spelled / spelt
spent
spilled / spilt
spun
spat
split
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
stunk
strewed / strewn
stridden
struck
strung
striven
sworn
swept
swelled / swollen
swum
swung
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrived / thriven
thrown
thrust
trodden / trod
understood
undertaken
waked / woken
worn
woven
wept
wetted / wet
---won
wound
wrung
12
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Significado
escribir
Forma pasada
wrote
Participio
written
PREPOSICIONES
Lista de las preposiciones simples ms comunes en ingls:
On (en, sobre)
Opposite (enfrente de)
Outside (fuera de)
Over (por encima de, al otro lado)
Past (por delante de, ms all de)
Per (por)
Plus (ms)
Round (alrededor de)
Since (desde)
Than (que)
Through (a travs de)
Throughout (por todo)
Till = Until (hasta)
To (a, hasta, hacia)
Towards (hacia, para)
Under (por debajo de, debajo de)
Underneath (debajo de, bajo)
Until (hasta)
Up (hacia arriba)
Upon ((poniendo) sobre, encima)
With (con)
Within (dentro de, a menos de, en menos
de)
Without (sin)
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