Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
en la Ingeniera
Dr. Luis O. Jimnez
Dr. Efran ONeill Carrillo
Departamento de Ingeniera Elctrica y Computadoras
Dr. William Frey
Decanato de Administracin de Empresas
Pero Qu es la tica?
C
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Normas Legales:
Salvaguardan mnimos
morales necesarios para la
convivencia social
R
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t
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S
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c
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e
s
Cdigos normativos
concretos promulgados
por los responsables
de la Sociedad-Pueblo
Const. EEUU
Amendment XIII: Prohibition of slavery
Section 1: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall
have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United
States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Amendment XV: Race and the right to vote
Section 1: The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States
or by any State on account of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
Ley:
Lo mnimo necesario para vivir en
Sociedad.
La ley no debe dictar la moral, ni
la moral debe reducirse a la ley.
Diferencia entre religin y tica
Absolutismo, relativismo y
relatividad
El absoluto absolutismo y por qu es inviable
El absoluto relativismo: Se puede sostener
en buena lgica?
Ni absolutismo ni relativismo
El nico camino es proteger los derechos
humanos
Plagio
Cerca de un 70% de los estudiantes
universitarios admite haberse copiado alguna
vez
Se piensa que pocos son sorprendidos y que
los castigos son poco severos
Los niveles mas bajos de plagio se
encuentran en lugares donde la
responsabilidad principal sobre integridad
acadmica recae en los estudiantes a travs de
un cdigo de honor
Maestros y profesores usualmente no
informan incidentes de plagio
Ejemplo de Plagio:
Propiedad Intelectual
Propiedad Intelectual: labor creativa de
alguien, en la que invirti esfuerzo y tiempo.
Ejercicio
Escribe 5 deberes que entiendas deben tener
los Ingenieros
Ejercicio
tica Profesional
Colegio de Ingenieros y
Agrimensores de Puerto Rico
CIAPR
Dr. William Frey
CIAPR Functions
Juridical Entity / Quasi-Public Corporation
Determining standards for practicing engineering in PR
Developing a code of ethics to establish moral standards for
the practice of engineering
Investigating complaints of unprofessional engineering
practice
Investigating and punishing individuals (or corporations)
who practice engineering without a license
Developing and administering qualifying exams
Stakeholders + Obligations
Public
Public Wellbeing (health, safety, welfare)
Report those who do
Client
Avoid Conflicts of Interests
Maintain confidentiality
Profession
Uphold the Honor and Reputation of Profession
Engineer (Peer)
Collegiality
Avoid disloyal competition, public criticism of
2.
3.
El Ingeniero y el Agrimensor, en el
cumplimiento de sus deberes profesionales,
debern:
Canon II
Proveer servicios nicamente en reas de sus competencias.
Canon III
Emitir declaraciones pblicas nicamente en una forma veraz y
objetiva.
Canon IV
Actuar en asuntos conflictos de intereses o la mera apariencia de stos,
manteniendo siempre la independencia de criterio como base del
profesionalismo.
Canon V
Edificar su reputacin profesional en el mrito de sus servicios
y no competir deslealmente con otros.
Canon VI:
Canon VII:
Canon VIII:
Canon IX:
Canon X:
Problemas ticos en
INGENIERIA
Qu es un problema tico?
Un problema tico puede ser definido como
un conflicto que la persona experimenta entre
dos o ms obligaciones morales en una
circunstancia particular.
Adaptado de Joseph R. Herkert, Social, Ethical, and
Policy Implications of Engineering, IEEE Press,
2000.
Utilitarismo
Principio:
El mayor bien para la mayora.
Ejemplo:
Como empleado,
Como jefe,
Como colega,
Ethics Problem
Problem-solving in engineering
Stages:
1. Problem Specification
2. Solution Generation
3. Solution Testing
4. Solution Implementation
Solution Testing
SEE HOW YOUR SOLUTIONS STAND UP TO THREE
ETHICS TESTS AND A FEASIBILITY TEST
Pruebas ticas
Prueba (Publicity):
Quisiera o me preocupara que esta opcin fuese dada a conocer en
un peridico?
Ojos que no ven, corazn que no siente
Prueba (Reversibility)
Pensara que es una buena opcin si yo estuviera entre
los afectados?
Ponerse en los zapatos de los otros
Prueba (HARM)
Hay algn dao? Hace menor dao que las alternativas?
Es el remedio peor que la enfermedad?
Feasibility Matrix
Feasibility Matrix
Resource
Technical
Interest Constraints
Constraints
Constraints
Time
Cost
Available Available
Manufac Person- OrganiMaterials, Technology -turabiity alities
zational
Labor, etc
Legal
Social
Cultural
Political
Reversibility
Test
Harm Test
Publicity
Test
Code Test
Global
Feasibility
Test
Description
would I still
think choice of
this option
good if I were
adversely
affected by it?
does this
option do less
harm than
alternatives?
would I
want my
choice of this
option
published in
the
newspaper?
Does the
solution
present any
major code
violations?
What obstacles
arise that could
prevent the
implementation
of this solution?
Solution 1
Solution 2
Reconocimiento
Este trabajo no se hubiera podido realizar sin
la colaboracin de los profesores: Dr. Jorge
Ferrer del Centro de la tica de las
Profesiones.
Referencias
Ian Barbour, Ethics in an Age of Technology, HarperCollins, 1993.
Elena Lugo, tica Profesional para la Ingeniera, Ediciones Riquea,
Librera Universal.
M. David Ermann, Mary B. Williams, y Michele S. Shauf, Computers,
Ethics, and Society, Oxford University Press, 1997.
Charles E. Harris, Michael S. Pritchard, and Michael J. Rabins,
Engineering Ethics: Concepts and Cases, Wadsworth Publishing
Company, 1995.
Joseph R. Herkert, Social, Ethical, and Policy Implications of
Engineering, IEEE Press, 2000.
William Frey and Jose Cruz, Ethics Across the Curriculum Workshop,
February 22, 2002.
Stephen R. Covey, Los 7 hbitos de la gente altamente efectiva, Paidos,
1997.
Louis P. Pojman, Ethics: Discovering right and Wrong, Wadworth
Publishing Company, 1990.
Jorge Jos Ferrer, y Juan Carlos lvarez, Para Fundamentar la Biotica,
Editorial Desclee De Brouwer, 2003.
Portales en la Internet
relacionados al tema
Center for Ethics in the Professions
http://www.uprm.edu/etica
www.cnx.org
Markkula Center for Applied Ethics
http://www.scu.edu/SCU/Centers/Ethics/
Casos
3) El mismo caso anterior, pero el efecto de la
tecnologa es reducir los costos en las
empresas reduciendo el personal y
reemplazando mano de obra por sistemas
automatizados. Es el dilema de la innovacin
y la automatizacin vs. El impacto social del
desempleo de personas.
Stage One:
Problem Specification
A SOCIO-TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
WILL HELP SPECIFY THE PROBLEM
These changes, directed by those with economic and political power, can
often lead to injustices
For example, what would happen if PR were to adopt an industry
exemption like that in the U.S.?
Socio-technical System
Hardware
Softwar
e
Physical
Surroundings
People,
Groups, &
Roles
Procedures
Laws,
statutes,
& regulations
Data &
Data
Storage
Engineerin
g projects,
products,
& technologies
Softwar
e (CAD,
CAM)
physical
surrounding
s that shape
and channel
action and
thought
Individuals,
groups, &
institutions
who fill
social,
professional
, and
business
roles and
have
interests at
stake.
STSs
exhibit
procedures
that
structure
thought and
action and
connect
individuals
and groups
STSs are
informed
by laws,
statutes,
and
regulation
s
Ethical
aspects of
gathering,
storing,
and
sharing
informatio
n
Computer
hardware
(laptops,
desktops,
servers
and routers
Physical and
Cultural
Characteristics
People,
Groups, and
Roles
Engineering
Procedures
Laws
Engineering
Ethics
Curriculum
Copper Mining
in Puerto Rico
Island between
North and South
America
CIAPR (Puerto
Spanish and US
Colonial
Experience
936
Corporations
ABET / ASEE
ASIBEI
CIAPR
procedures for
becoming a
licensed
engineering
Macro
Engineering
Ethics
Micro
Engineering
Ethics
Phil. of
technology
Two Languages
(primarily
Spanish but
English is also
important)
Center for
Ethics in the
Professions
CE (Highway
10)
Civil
Engineering
(Super
Aqueduct)
Mechanical
Engineering
(Urban Train)
Computer
Engineering (EGovernment)
Electrical
Engineering
(Power
Distribution
Free
Association with
US
Status Debate:
Statehood, Free
Office of
Governmental
Ethics
Engineering
Students
PR engineers
PR government
PR and US
employers
Disciplinary
Tribunal
ABET
accreditation of
engineering
programs
US laws and
codes imposed
in PR
Engineering
Codes and
Government
Regulations (PR
and US)
EAC integration
projects
(Jimenez and
ONeill in Elec
Eng)
Oficina de la
Etica
Gubermental
(anti-corruption,
whistle-blowing
protection,
continuing
Ethics Across
the Curriculum:
OEG ethics
requirements
Questionable
Practices:
Corruption
Firmoneria
Env. Damage
Conflict of
Interests
15/85
Retreat/Worksh
op
Stage Two:
Solution Generation
DEVELOPING DESIGNS TO REALIZE, BALANCE, OR
INTEGRATE VALUE
Aim second for a solution that satisfices, that is, does the
best job of partially realizing the conflicting values
Draw the line at integrity, i.e., dont sacrifice an essential moral
value
Justice
Be impartial, objective, and refrain from discrimination or
preferential treatment in the administration of rules and policies and
in its dealings with students faculty, staff, administration, and other
stakeholders
Responsibility:
Recognize and fulfill its obligations to its constituents by caring for
their essential interests, by honoring its commitments, and by
balancing and integrating conflicting interests. As responsible
agents, the faculty, employees, and students of the College of
Business Administration are committed to the pursuit of excellence,
devotion to the community's welfare, and professionalism.
Respect:
Acknowledge the inherent dignity present in its diverse constituents
by recognizing and respecting their fundamental rights. These
include rights to property, privacy, free exchange of ideas, academic
freedom, due process, and meaningful participation in decision
making and policy formation.
Solution Testing
SEE HOW YOUR SOLUTIONS STAND UP TO THREE
ETHICS TESTS AND A FEASIBILITY TEST
Reversibility Test
Question: would I still think choice of this option
good if I were adversely affected by it?
Imaginative Projection: Projecting yourself into
another persons shoes
Too much: The others view displaces your own
moral perspective
Too little: You never really leave your own
perspective to encounter that of the other
Set Up: While remaining focused on agent and
action, reverse with key stakeholders
Harm/Beneficence Test
Question: does this option do less harm than
alternatives?
Imaginative Projection: Project past experience into
the future to determine the likely consequences.
Too much: Focus on improbable, long term harms
produces paralysis of analysis
Too little: Significant and probable harms are missed
in a quick overview
Set Up: While focusing on agent compare different
alternatives according to the harms they are likely to
produce
Publicity Test
Question: would I want my choice of this option
published in the newspaper?
Imaginative Projection: Project a moral exemplar into
this situation. What would he or she do?
Too much: The best choice would make me popular
Too little: I dont care what people think of me. I just do
what I want.
Set Up: If you are identified morally with your action,
what does this say about you?
Does it say you are responsible and just?
Does it say you are dishonest and disrespectful?
Pruebas ticas
Prueba (Publicity):
Quisiera o me preocupara que esta opcin fuese dada a conocer en
un peridico?
Ojos que no ven, corazn que no siente
Prueba (Reversibility)
Pensara que es una buena opcin si yo estuviera entre
los afectados?
Ponerse en los zapatos de los otros
Prueba (HARM)
Hay algn dao? Hace menor dao que las alternativas?
Es el remedio peor que la enfermedad?
Solution Testing
SEE HOW YOUR SOLUTIONS STAND UP TO THREE
ETHICS TESTS AND A FEASIBILITY TEST
Reversibility Test
Question: would I still think choice of this option
good if I were adversely affected by it?
Imaginative Projection: Projecting yourself into
another persons shoes
Too much: The others view displaces your own
moral perspective
Too little: You never really leave your own
perspective to encounter that of the other
Set Up: While remaining focused on agent and
action, reverse with key stakeholders
Harm/Beneficence Test
Question: does this option do less harm than
alternatives?
Imaginative Projection: Project past experience into
the future to determine the likely consequences.
Too much: Focus on improbable, long term harms
produces paralysis of analysis
Too little: Significant and probable harms are missed
in a quick overview
Set Up: While focusing on agent compare different
alternatives according to the harms they are likely to
produce
Publicity Test
Question: would I want my choice of this option
published in the newspaper?
Imaginative Projection: Project a moral exemplar into
this situation. What would he or she do?
Too much: The best choice would make me popular
Too little: I dont care what people think of me. I just do
what I want.
Set Up: If you are identified morally with your action,
what does this say about you?
Does it say you are responsible and just?
Does it say you are dishonest and disrespectful?
Solution Implementation
Solution Implementation
A feasibility test introduces practical
constraints
It asks whether the selected alternative
can be implemented given resource,
interest, and technical constraints
By focusing the decision-maker on these
constraints, the feasibility test helps to
integrate ethical considerations with other
aspects of a decision.