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Abstract
Background: Studies of the neurocognitive effects of long-term benzodiazepine use have been
confounded by the presence of neurocognitive deficits characterizing the clinical conditions for
which these medications are taken. Similarly, studies of the neurocognitive effects of anxiety
disorders have been confounded by the inclusion of chronically benzodiazepine-medicated
patients. This study was designed to tease apart the potentially confounding effects of long-term
benzodiazepine use and panic disorder (PD) on memory and visuoconstructive abilities.
Methods: Twenty chronically benzodiazepine-medicated and 20 benzodiazepine-free patients
with PD with agoraphobia were compared with a group of 20 normal control participants, groupmatched for age, education, and gender on a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing
short-term, episodic long-term, and semantic memory, as well as visuoconstructive abilities.
Results: Results indicated that benzodiazepine-free panic patients were relatively impaired in
nonverbal short-term and nonverbal episodic long-term memory and visuoconstructive abilities,
whereas verbal short-term and verbal episodic memory and semantic memory were preserved.
Only limited evidence was found for more pronounced impairments in chronically
benzodiazepine-medicated PD patients.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that patients with PD are characterized by relative
impairments in nonverbal memory and visuoconstructive abilities, independent of
benzodiazepine use. Nonetheless, we found evidence that chronic treatment with
benzodiazepines is associated with intensification of select relative impairments in this realm.
Documentation of these deficits raises questions about the broader etiology of neurocognitive
impairment in PD as well as its impact on daily functioning.
Para la evaluacin de la memoria implcita, se administr una tarea de decisin del lxico.
Entre un total de 320 palabras y 140 no palabras, se repitieron 200 palabras, mientras que las
restantes 120 palabras y las 140 no palabras no fueron repetidas. Para la memoria explcita, se
administr una tarea de reconocimiento continuo en la cual se repitieron 280 palabras y el resto
no.
En la tarea de reconocimiento tanto los sujetos control como los pacientes TOC mostraron
caractersticas ms positivas a las viejas palabras que a las palabra nuevas durante perodos
post estmulo 200600 ms. Ambos grupos mostraron un tiempo de reaccin ms rpido a las
palabras viejas que las palabras nuevas. En la tarea de decisin de lxico, los controles
mostraron el efecto nuevo/viejo durante un periodo post estimulo 200500 ms, mientras los
pacientes TOC no lo hicieron. De esta manera, los pacientes TOC mostraron tiempos de
reaccin ms prolongados a las viejas palabras comparadas con los controles.
Los resultados indican que los pacientes TOC han preservado la memoria explcita e implcita.
La ausencia del efecto viejo/nuevo en el PRE en pacientes TOC fue discutida en trminos de la
difusin el sistema frontoestriatal, el cual juega un rol importante tanto en TOC como en la
memoria implcita.
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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00223956
Abstract
The implicit and explicit memory in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was
investigated using the event-related potential (ERP).
For the assessment of implicit memory, a lexical decision task was administered. Among a total
of 320 words and 140 non-words, 200 words were repeated, while the remaining 120 words and
the 140 non-words were not repeated. For explicit memory, a continuous recognition task was
administered, in which 280 words were repeated and 100 were not repeated.
On the recognition task, both the controls and OCD patients showed more positivity to the old
words than to the new words during the 200600 ms period post-stimulus. Both groups showed
faster response time to the old words than to the new words. On the lexical decision task, the
controls showed the old/new effect during the 200500 ms period post-stimulus, while the OCD
patients did not. However, OCD patient showed faster response time to the old words than to
the new words, although OCD patients showed prolonged response times to the old words
compared to the controls.
These results indicate that OCD patients have preserved explicit and implicit memory. The
absence of old/new effect on ERP in OCD patients was discussed in terms of dysfunction of
frontostriatal system, which plays an important role in both OCD and implicit memory.