Connectors (Bachillerato)

1. Connectors that introduce contrast:

A. But / Yet: tienen el mismo significado (pero, sin embargo), indican contraste y van seguidos de una
oracin nominal (le falta el verbo) o una oracin completa.

The book is short but / yet interesting
The story is short, but yet it is interesting.

B. In spite of / despite tienen el mismo significado (a pesar de). Van seguidos de una oracin nominal a
menudo incluyendo un gerundio.

In spite of the late hour /despite the late hour, they went on with the meeting.
e arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late.

C. Although, though, een though, in spite of the fact that: tienen el mismo significado !aun"ue, a
pesar del hecho de "ue)#. Van seguidos por una oracin completa y pueden ir al principio o en medio de
una frase.

Although / though / !en though / In spite of the fact the pupils had not studied hard, they passed all
their e$ams.

Atenci"n: si el conector comien%a la oracin, se debe poner una coma para separar las dos ideas "ue
"ueremos contrastar.

#. $o%eer, neertheless, een so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary van seguidos
en primer lugar por una coma y despu&s por una oracin completa.
'he was "uite ill. $o%eer, neertheless, een so, she went to school
(sin embargo)
&n the one hand, the beach is fun. &n the other hand, ( don)t like the sand (por una parte, por otra)
!. 'hile / %hereas ((ientras, (ientras )ue) significan los mismo y van seguidos de una oracin
completa.
This soap opera is very interesting, %hile /%hereas that one is "uite boring.


*. Connectors that sho% reason, cause and purpose.
A. Because / since / seeing that (puesto )ue, isto )ue, ya )ue) significan lo mismo y van seguidos de
una oracin completa. (ndican la ra%n o causa de algo. 'i los conectores comen%aran la frase, la oracin
principal y la subordinada ir*an separadas por una coma.

Because / as / since /seeing that it is late, we should all go home.
+e should all go home because/ as / seeing that / since it is late.

B. Because of / on account of / o%ing to / due to (a causa de, debido a), van seguidos de una e$presin
sustantiva. 'i son ellos los "ue comien%an la frase, ambas oraciones ir,n separadas por una coma.

Because of / on account of / o%ing to / due to the weather, we stayed
at home.
+e stayed at home because of / on account of / o%ing to / due to the weather.
C. In order to / so as to / to e$presan propsito (para). Van seguidos de la ra*% del verbo. -or el
contrario in order that / so that (para )ue) van seguidos de una oracin con verbo modal.

'he uses her video in order to / so as to / record her favourite shows
'he uses her video in order that / so that she can have a recording of her favourite shows.


+. Connectors that gie e,a(ples and add infor(ation:
A. -or e,a(ple, for instance, such as (por e.e(plo, tal(es) co(o) se pueden usar indistintamente.

Vegetables are a good source of vitamins/ for e,a(ple / for instance, pepper has vitamin 0.
'ingers such as 1ichael 2ackson and 1adonna are popular in the world.

B. /oreoer, further(ore, besides, in addition: para a3adir m,s informacin. Todas ellas van seguidas
de coma y significan !adem,s,tambi&n!.

()m too busy to take a holiday. /oreoer/, further(ore/, in addition, ( don)t have the money.

4ota. besides puede ir seguido de oracin o de sustantivo

C. In addition to (ade(0s de) / as %ell as (as1 co(o) se usan para a3adir informacin, pero van seguidos
de una e$presin sustantiva.

In addition to classical music, she likes 5a%%.
The city has several main roads as %ell as a ring road around it.

#. Apart fro( / e,cept for: (aparte de, e,cepto, con e,cepci"n de, salo,...) se emplean para indicar
"ue algo es una e$cepcin a la idea general e$presada en la frase.

Apart fro( 6nglish, she speaks three other foreign languages.
e eats nothing e,cept (for) bread and fish.

2. Connectors that sho% se)uence and result:
A. (ndican una sucesin de hechos para poner en orden lo "ue estamos diciendo.

-irst of all (pri(ero de todo), to begin %ith (para e(pe3ar), first, firstly (en pri(er lugar,)
-irst of all, we should talk to the manager

4econd, secondly, then (en segundo lugar,...)
4econdly, we must make a detailed plan

5he ne,t stage (el pr",i(o paso), finally, in short (en resu(en), to su( up (para resu(ir), lastly (en
6lti(o lugar),
-inally, we need to have good ideas before we present our plan
4ota. todos ellos deben llevar una coma detr,s al ir seguidos de una oracin completa.
B. 5herefore (por lo tanto), as a result (co(o resultado), conse)uently (conse)uente(ente), for this
reason ( por este (otio), se3alan la cone$in entre la accin y su resultado. Van seguidos de una oracin
completa. 5hus (as1, de este (odo), es m,s formal.
Tina keeps her car in good condition. Therefore, it always passes its annual road test.
As a result va seguido de una e$presin sustantiva.

As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal.