EJERCICIOS SOBRE LOGARITMOS

CON SOLUCIONES

1. Calcular los siguientes logaritmos aplicando la definicin.

1
= x
64

( 2)

x
= 6 x = 12
2
3
1
3
b) log2 2 2 = x 2 x = 2.2 2 2 x = 2 2 x =
2
a) log

c)( 0,125)

= 26 2 2 = 26

53
4
125
4
4
3 x
4
3 x
4
= 16
= 2 3 3 = 2 ( 2 ) = 2 2 = 2 3 x = 4 x =
3
1000
2 .5

x
x
1
x
1
d ) = 33 3 2 = 33 3 2 = 33 = 3 x = 6

2
3
x

2
1
x
e)( 0,2) = 5 4 = 5 4 = 5 4 5 x = 5 4 x = 4 x = 4
10
5
2. Calcular el valor del nmero x.

1
1
1
4
= 3 1 = 3x x =
b
)
3
= x x= 4 3
x
3
1
1
1
1
1
=4
= 4 2 = 4 16 x 2 = 1 x 2 0 =
x= x=
2
16
4
4
4x
( 2 x)

a ) x 1 = 3

c )( 2 x )

Ya que no existe el logaritmo de un n negativo.

1
d )
4

e)( 0,2 )

2
3

= x 4
2

= x x = 3 2 4 x = 23 2

2
= x
10

1
= x
5

= x5

=xx= 5

3. Calcular:

a ) log 2 2 3.2 5 = log 2 2 8 = 8 log 2 2 = 8

b) log 5 5 2.5 3 = log 5 5 5 = 5 log 5 5 = 5

c) log 1 5 4 = 4 log 1 5 = 4
5

log 5 5
1
4
=4
=
= 4
1
log 5 1 log 5 5 0 1
log 5
5

4. Sabiendo que log2= 0,30103 y que log3=0,47712 calcular los siguientes logaritmos:
log 3 0,47712
a ) log 2 3 =
=
= 1,58
log 2 0.30103

10
= log 10 log 2 = 1 log 2 = 1 0.30103 = 0,69897
2
6
c) log 0.6 = log
= log 6 log 10 = log ( 2.3) 1 = log 2 + log 3 1 = 0.30103 + 0.47712 1 = 0,22
10
125
d ) log 0.0125 = log
= log 125 log 10000 = log 5 3 log 10 4 = 3 log 5 4 log 10 =
10000
10
3 log
4 = 3( log 10 log 2 ) 4 = 3 log 2 4 = 1 log 2 = 1 0.30103 = 1,30103
2

33 3
30
10
e) log 3.3 = log
= log
= log
= log 10 log 3 = 1 0.47712 = 0,52
9
9
3
b) log 5 = log

f ) log 4 27 = log 3

3
3
log 3 = .0.47712 = 0,36
4
4

g ) log( 2 2.3)
h) log

1
3

1
(3 log 2 2 + log3) = 13 ( 2 log 2 + log3) = 13 ( 2.0.30103+ 0.47712) = 0,36

2 3 ( 2 3 10 )

= log( 2

1 1
1+
5 2

1
1
1+ 4
5
2

.3

2 3 2
3

10
0,7.0,30103 3,3.0,47712 + 0,7 = 0,66

.10

1 1
+
5 2

710 1033 107

) = log 2 .3 .10

7
33
7
=
10 log 2 10 log 3. + 10 =

i ) log 8 = log 2 3 = 3 log 2 = 3.0.30103 = 0.90309

5.

Sin utilizar la calculadora, resuelve los siguientes logaritmos:

4

a ) log 3 27 = log 3 3 = 3
3

b) log 3

1
= log 3 3 4 = 4
81

c) log 1 27 = log 1 33 = 3
3

log 3 3
1
=3
= 3
1
0 1
log 3
3

1
1
d ) log 1
= log 1 = 4
3 81
3 3
3
3
e) log 5 125 = log 5 5 2 =
2
log 5 5
1
f ) log 1 625 = log 1 5 4 = 4
=4
= 4
1
5
5
0 1
log 5
5

1
1
g ) log 1
= log 1 = 2
5 25
55
3
3 log 5 5 3 1
3
h) log 1 125 = log 1 5 2 =
=
=
1
5
5
2
2 0 1
2
log 5
5
log 5 5
log 5 5 1
i ) log 25 5 =
=
=
log 5 25 log 5 5 2 2
6.

Sin utilizar calculadora, halla el valor de:

a ) log 5 50 log 5 2 = log 5 5 2.2 log 5 2 = 2 log 5 5 + log 5 2 log 5 2 = 2

b) log 3 35 log 3 3 4 = 5 log 3 3 4 log 3 3 = 5 4 = 1

c) log 2 24 log 2 6 = log 2 2 3.3 log 2 2.3 = 3 log 2 2 + log 2 3 ( log 2 2 + log 2 3) = 3 1 = 2

d ) log 2 3 4 5

e) log 3

)
2

= log 2 4

30

= log 2 410 = 10 log 2 2 2 = 20

27
+ log 3 2 = log 3 27 log 3 2 + log 3 2 = 3
2

( )

2 3
60
log 2 2
1
f ) log 1 3 4 5 = log 1 2 3 = 20 log 1 2 = 20
= 20
= 20

1
2
2
2

0 1
log 2
2

7. Hallar el valor de a sabiendo que:

a ) log a 64 = 3 a 3 = 64 a 3 = 4 3 a = 3
1

1
b) loga 3 = a 2 = 3 a = 3 2 a = 9
2
c) log 3 a = 5 35 = a a = 243
d ) log 5 125 = a 5 a = 125 5 a = 5 3 a = 3

e) log a +1 81 = 2 ( a + 1) = 81 a + 1 = 9 a = 8
2

8. Escribe las siguientes expresiones como el log de una sola expresin, lo ms simple posible.
5

3
3
5
a 3b 2
a )3 log a + 2 log b log c + log d = log a 3 + log b 2 log c 2 + log d 2 = log 3 + log d 2 =
2
2
c 2

= log(
b)

a 3b 2 2 5
a 2b 2 d 2 d
d ) = log
c c
c c

(
(x

)
+ 4 )( x + 3)( x 3) = log ( x

1
1
1
log x 2 + 4 + log ( x + 3) + log ( x 3) = log
2
2
2

= log

)(

x 2 + 4 + log

+ 4 x 2 9 = log

x + 3 + log

x 3 =

x 4 5 x 2 36

9. Resolver las siguientes ecuaciones logartmicas:

a ) log x = log 2 + log ( x 3) x = 2( x 3) x = 6

b) log ( 3x + 1) log ( 2 x 3) = 1 log 5

3x + 1 10
=
3x + 1 = 4 x 6 x = 7
2x 3 5

c) log ( 20 x ) + log ( 2 x ) = 3 20 x.2 x = 1000 40 x = 1000 x = 25

d ) log ( x + 2 ) + log (10 x + 20 ) = 3 ( x + 2 )(10 x + 20 ) = 1000 ( x + 2 )( x + 2 )10 = 1000

x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 100 x 2 + 4 x 96 = 0

Se resuelve la ec. de 2 grado

e) log x + log 50 = 3 50 x = 1000 x = 20

f )5 log ( x + 3) = log 32 ( x + 3) = 32 ( x + 3) = 2 5 x + 3 = 2 x = 1
g ) 2 log x = log (10 3 x ) x 2 = 10 3 x x 2 + 3 x 10 = 0 Se resuelve la ec. de 2 grado
5