3.

1) _CONDITIONALS:

se tratan de establecer una relacin

entre un hecho y un resultado. Estos hechos podran estar expresados
en presente, futuro con la estructura va cambiando
TIPO (0): se usa para expresiones generales (hechos demostrados de
manera cientfica
STRUCTURE: (PRESENT Y WILL)
IF + SUJET+PRESENT SIMPLE +SUJET +PRESENT SIMPLE
Si tu vienes ,
Te vere
If you come,
I will see you
a) _if she studies more she will pass all her exams.
Si estudia mas aprobara todos los exmenes
b) If you want to be a doctor you must study medicine.
Si quieres ser mdico, tienes que estudiar medicina
TIPO II: se utiliza para expresar situaciones hipotticas en el presente u
futuro.
STRUCTURE: (past- Would)
If+sujet+past simple+sujet+would + verb infinitive
Si tu vinieras
If you come ,

Te veria
I would see
you

a) _if I had money I would buy the tickets for the concert.
Si tuviese dinero comprara las entradas para el concierto
b) _if were you I would not talk to Roberto like this.
Si yo fuera tu no habra a Roberto as
TIPO II: se utiliza para expresar situaciones pasadas que no ocurre.
Structure :( conditionals have)
If +sujet+past perfect+sujet+would have +part
Si tu hubieras venido
If you had came

Te
habria
visto
I would have
see you

If you had not driven so fast we would not have had the accident.
Si no hubiese conocido tan deprisa no habramos tenido el accidente

3.2) _ MODALS
modals

Funcin
y example
significado
1.para
formar
el
futuro
2.para ofrecer hacer
algo
3.para expresar la
determinacin de algo
4.para
hablar
de
hbitos o acciones
caractersticas

1.I will be home this

evening.( voy a ester
en casa esta noche)
2.I
will
phone
you
tomorrow (te llamare
maana)
3. I will quit smoking
(voy a dejar de fumar.)
4. sulphuric acid will
dissolve most

CAN/ CAN NOT

1.para expresar una

habilidad
2.para
expresar
posibilidad
3.para solicitar algo

COULD/COULD NOT

1. Para expresar el
pasado de CAN.
2. Para expresar que
algo que es posible,
pero poco probable.
3. para solicitar algo
de un modo ms bien
formal.
4.
expresar
una
habilidad (natural que

1. I can play the

guitar (se tocar la
guitar)
2. You can see the
view from the window
(puedes ver la visita
desde la ventana).
3. Can you please
open
the
door?
(Puedes
abrir
la
puerta, por favor?
1.
He
could
not
understand
the
lectura ( no puedo
entender la charla)
2. she could be at
home (puede que est
en su casa).
3. Could you lend me
you umbrella, please?
(Podras prestarme tu

WILL/WILL NOT

se tuvo en el pasado)

MAY/MAY NOT

1.Expresa
una
posibilidad futura
2.
para
solicitar
permiso
es
ms
formal que
CAN y
COULD.
3. Para expresar que
algo es posiblemente
cierto.

MIGHT/MIGHT NOT

1.Para expresar una

probabilidad remota
2.
certeza
dependiente de una
condicin

SHOULD
NOT

SHOULD 1.se puede usar para

ofrecer,
sugerir
y
pedir consejos
2.
para
expresar
obligacin o deber

WOULD/WOULD NOT

1.Para pedir algo de

modo muy formal
2.
para
expresar
condicionalidad

paraguas, por favor).

4. pitcher could run
ver y fast when he
was a boy (piter poda
correr
muy rpido
cuando era nio).
1.He may pass this
time (tal vez aprueba
esta ves )
2. May I come in?
(Puedo entrar?
3. She may be right.
(puede
que
tenga
razon)

1. I might see you

who
knows
(quiz te vuelva a verQuin sabe?)
2. If you stopped
criticizing I might get
some work done. (Si
dejaras de criticar,
podria lograr hacer
algo.)
1. What do you I
should do? (Que crees
que deberia hacer).
2.people should drive
more carefully.( la
gente
debera
manejar
con
mas
cuidado)
1. Would you open the
Window,
Please?
(podra
abrir
la
ventana, por favor?)
2. What would you do
with
a
million
dollares? (que haras
con un milln de
dlares?).

MUST/MUST NOT

1.para
expresar
obligaciones presente
o futura u orden
2.para expresar una
deduccin

3.3) _PRESENT PERFECT:

1. You must be back

by oclock. (debes
volver antes de la
hora)
2. She must have
problems. She keeps
crying. (Debe tener
problemas .siempre.)

se utiliza en acciones

de

pasado.
STRUCTURE:
SUJET+HAVE/HAS+PARTICIPIO
He has played well (l ha jugado bien)
I have not eaten in 2 days (yo no he comido en 2 das)
What have you done? ( Que has hecho?)
Particularities:

A): Just (action): acabar de

We have just eaten and we are not not hungry (nosotros acabamos de
comer y no tenemos hambre
B): Already (ya)
I have already ordered the books (ya he pedido los libros)
C):EVER8ALGUA VEZ)
Have you ever seen a camel crying.?

3.4: ADVERBS IN PRESENT PERFECT:

The present perfect tense is commonly used with the indefinite time
adverbs never, ever, before, yet, already.

Have you ever been to the USA?

I have never seen a kangaroo.

I have seen her before.

They have already arrived.

She has not received the parcel yet.

The present perfect tense is not used with adverbs of past time.
Examples are: yesterday, last week, last year etc.
Cases where the present perfect tense cannot be used
We do not use the present perfect tense when we say when something
happens. In such cases, we use the simple past tense.

I saw Rani yesterday. (NOT I have seen Rani yesterday.)

She called me in the morning. (NOT she has called me in the

morning.)

She died three years ago. (NOT she has died three years ago.)

I was born in 1979. (NOT I have been born in 1979.)