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2 Cuestionario Cinematica
2 Cuestionario Cinematica
Cinemtica
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
D.F.I.S.T.S.
a)
Como es v =
b) En este caso es v =
c)
Y ahora es
v=
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
t = 0.96s
t = 3s
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
(a)
v = 98 9.8t
t0 = 0
1
1 2 y0 = 100
y = 100 + 98t 9.8t 2
e = e0 + v0t + at
v = 98
0
v = v0 + at
B
Y
0 = 98 9.8t t =
100 m
98
= 10 s
9.8
1
y = 100 + 98 10 9.8 102 = 590m
2
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
h = 590m
(b)
t = 0
t ( 98 4.9t ) = 0
t = 20 s
B
Y
A
100 m
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
(c)
e = 100
1
1
2
e = e0 + v0t + at 2 0
100 = 100 + 98t 9.8t
2
2
v0 = 98
t=
t = 0.97 s
=
t = 20.97 s
Y
A
( hacia abajo )
100 m
v = 107.53 m s
O
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
(d)
El tiempo total es: ttotal = 20.97 s
B
Y
A
100 m
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
(a)
posicin:
Y
1
y = v0t gt 2 ;
2
( t = 1s )
y1 = v0t1
1 2
1
gt1 = 15 1 10 12 = 10m
2
2
1
1
1
y = v0t gt 2 ; ( t = 4 s ) y2 = v0t2 gt2 2 = 15 4 10 42 = 20m
2
2
2
(el signo indica que la piedra est por debajo del origen)
O
velocidad:
v = v0 gt ;
( t = 1s )
v1 = v0 gt1 = 15 10 1 = 5 m s
v = v0 gt ;
( t = 4s )
v2 = v0 gt2 = 15 10 4 = 25 m s
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
eliminando t :
v0 v
t =
1
g
y = v0t gt 2
v = v0 gt
v v 1 v0 v
y = v0 0
g
g 2 g
gy =
v0 2 v 2
2
2
v = v0 2 2 gy
( y = 8)
v = 152 2 10 8 = 8.06 m s
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
(c) Cunto tiempo transcurre desde que se lanz hasta que vuelve a
pasar por dicho punto?
Y
h
1
y = v0t gt 2
2
( y = 0)
1
0 s
15t 10 t 2 = 0 t =
2
3s
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Siendo v =
t
= ( t 3 + 4t 2 + 2 ) dt =
t0
x = x0 +
x0
t0
dx = v dt x x0 = dx = dx = v dt =
t 4 4t 3
t 4 4t 3
+
+ 2t 0 0 2t0
4
3
4
3
t 4 4t 3
t 4 4t 3
+
+ 2t 0 0 2t0
4
3
4
3
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
x = x0 +
Como es t0 = 2s y
t 4 4t 3
t 4 4t 3
+
+ 2t 0 0 2t0
4
3
4
3
24 423
t 4 4t 3
+ 2t
x0 = 4m x ( t ) = 4 + +
22
4
3
4
3
44
t 4 4t 3
+ 2t
x (t ) = +
4
3
3
Por lo tanto es x ( t = 3s ) =
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
81 4 27
44
+
+ 23
= 47.6m
4
3
3
x = x0 +
t 4 4t 3
t 4 4t 3
+
+ 2t 0 0 2t0
4
3
4
3
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Siendo vx =
dx
= 4t 3 + 4t
dt
x0
dx = ( 4t 3 + 4t ) dt
t0
x = x0 + t 4 + 2t 2 t0 4 2t0 2
Sustituyendo x0 = 1 cuando t = 0 s
x = 1 + t 4 + 2t 2 = ( t 2 + 1)
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Siendo
vy =
dy
= 4t
dt
y = y0 + 2t 2 2t0 2
y
y0
dy = 4t dt
t0
Sustituyendo y0 = 2 cuando t = 0 s
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
y = 2 + 2t 2 = 2 ( t 2 + 1)
y2
y
=
=
x
4
2
2
y = 2 ( t + 1)
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
y2 = 4x
ec. de la trayectoria
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
(a)
vx =
Luego
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
r
r
r
v = pi + pt j
dvx
= 0;
dt
dv y
ay =
= p;
dt
ax =
r
r
a= pj
(b)
aT =
r
dv
dt
dv
=
dt
v = vx2 + v y2 = p 1 + t 2
pt
1+ t2
a = ax2 + a y2 = 0 + p 2 = p;
2
2
T
a = a +a
2
T
a = a a =
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
p 2t 2
p
=
1+ t2
2
1+ t2
(c)
a =
v2
p
1+ t2
; =
p 2 (1 + t 2 )
p
3
2
1 + t 2 = p (1 + t 2 ) ;
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
8.
d
dt
uniforme =
= 2 rad
t = 1 dia = 86400 s
2
= 7.27 105 rad / s
86400
E
TIERRA P
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
2
2 +
2 + '
365 =
=
=
86400
86400
P
E
TIERRA P
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
9.
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
2 rad
= 100 rad s
60 s
Y la aceleracin es:
f = 0 t =
0 f
t
100 0
= 5 rad s 2
20 s
n=
1000
=
= 500 vueltas
2
2
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
1
2
1
2
v2
2
a = = 100 2 R = (100 5 2.14 ) 0.1 = 797.5 2 m s 2
R
Y la aceleracin resultante:
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
b)
c)
d)
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
d
A
e2
e1
B
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
e1 = v t = 3 m s 15s = 45m
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
26
OC
= tg 1
La distancia OA ser:
d=
30
15
15
e2
=
=
= 30m
sen sen30 1 2
v0
A
vT
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
v=
d 30m
=
= 2m s
t 15s
De otra forma:
uur
r
v0 = v0 cos i + v0 sen
r
r
v =v j
r
j uur uur r
r
r
cos
v
v
v
v
i
v
sen
v
j
=
+
=
+
+
(
)
T
0
0
0
1
4
24
3
14243
vx
vy
y = ( v0 sen + v ) t
x = v0 cos t
v0 =
x
cos t
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
v = 3m s
x = 26m, y = 60m
t = 15s
y=
sen + v t
cos t
v0 =
x
cos t
y =
sen + v t
cos t
y = x tg + vt tg =
= 30 ; v0 =
y vt 60 3 15 15
=
=
26
26
x
26
x
=
= 2m s
cos 30 t cos 30 15
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
v0 = 200 m s ; = 40 ;
Y
v0
O
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
y = 128.6 t 4.9 t 2
vY = v0Y gt = 128.6 9.81 t
Despus de t = 20s, la velocidad y la posicin de la bala son:
v X (t = 20) = 153.2 m s ;
r
v = (153.2, 67.4 ) m s
r
r = ( 3064, 612 ) m
b)
Cuando la bala vuelve a tierra, es y=0:
t=
128.6
= 26.24 s
4.9
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
P(15,3.5)
v0
O
3,5 m
=45
5m
1,5 m
15 m
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
1
1
2
2
y = v0Y t 2 g t = v0 sen t 2 g t
x = v t = v cos t
0X
0
2
2
3.5 = v0Y t 2 g t = v0 sen45 t 4.9 t
15 = v t = v cos 45 t
0X
0
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
15
v0 cos 45
15 = v0 cos 45 t t =
2205
11.5
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
15
4.9
v0 cos 45
v0 cos 45
v0 sen 45 15
v0 = 13.8 m s
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
X
v10=v
4y
v20
y
Y
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
4y = g 2
1
2 v
v1 y = g t 4 y = g t 2
2
v1x = v10
1
2
y = g t
x = v20 t
v2 y = g t
1
x2
y = g 2
2 v20
v10
X
v10=v
4y
v20
y
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Y
Escuela Politcnica - Universidad
de Alicante
1 x2
g 2
4y
2
v
=
1
x2
y
g
2 v20 2
v20 2
4= 2
v
v20 2 = 4v 2
v20 = 2v
v10
X
v10=v
4y
v20
y
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Y
Escuela Politcnica - Universidad
de Alicante
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
A1
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Escuela Politcnica
- Universidad de Alicante
B
v = v +v
2
y
720000
v y = 2 gh
Y
O
v0
A1
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
2y
2 7840
t=
=
= 40 s
1
2
9.8
9.8
y = 9.8 t
x = 200 t
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
BA1 AA1 = AB
Y
v0
A1
( vsonido = 340 m s )
3402 t 2 2002 t 2 = 78402
t=
7840
2
340 200
B
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
= 28.5s
v0
O
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
X
Escuela Politcnica - Universidad de Alicante
1
y = v0t + at 2
2
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
1 2
gt
2
v0
O
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
X
Escuela Politcnica - Universidad de Alicante
v0
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
v0
(0,0)
Sobre la piedra
acta la
aceleracin de la
gravedad g
R
X
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
( ejeX )
( ejeY )
1
x = g sen t 2
vY = v0 g cos t y = v t 1 g cos t 2
0
2
v X = g sen t
t=
2
2v0
g cos
2v0
2v0 2 sen
1
x = g sen
=
2
g cos 2
g cos
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
FARO
d
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
Playa
v=
d ( tg )
d ( tg ) d
d
dx d ( d tg )
1
=
=
=d
=d
=d
2
cos
cos 2
dt
dt
dt
d dt
La aceleracin ser:
a=
dv d d
=
dt dt cos 2
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
d (1 cos 2 )
d (1 cos 2 ) d 2 d 2 sen
cos3
dt
d
dt
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
aT = v
dv ds
=v
ds dt
dv
v=v
ds
dv
= 1 dv = ds v = s + k , k = cte
ds
ds
= s+k
dt
ds
ds
= dt t =
= ln ( s + k ) ln ( c ) , c = cte
s+k
s+k
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
t + ln ( c ) = ln ( s + k ) ln ( c et ) = ln ( s + k ) c et = s + k
v = k et
Y como es v = s + k
a = aT + a
k4
1= k2 + 2
R
2
dv v
= +
dt R
R2
4
ec bicuadr k = 1 + 2 1
R
2
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
dv
= k;
dt
en t = 0 v = k ;
1
R2
4
s = s ( t ) = k ( et 1) = 1 + 2 1
R
2
Juan C. Moreno-Marn
( e 1)
t