Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
P2 Termo3 Cálculos
P2 Termo3 Cálculos
PRACTICA 2
EQUIPO # 1
INTEGRANTES:
CUAHTLAPANTZI CUAHUTEPITZI MARICELA
ENRIQUEZ VELAZQUEZ YINAN ELIZABETH
PINEDA SANCHEZ MIGUEL ANGEL
GRUPO:
2IV44
FECHA DE ENTREGA: 13 DE MARZO DEL 2014
OBJETIVOS:
INTRODUCCIN:
En principio ser necesario tener claros los conceptos y fundamentos tericos en
los que se basa nuestro estudio; as como la informacin que se obtendr de las
magnitudes determinadas.
El volumen de una disolucin es una magnitud extensiva, depende de la
temperatura, T, la presin, P, y de la composicin ni ( i = 1, 2, ..., n).
V = V ( T, P, n1, n2, ..., nn)
La diferencial total de V es:
dV= ( V/T )P, nj dT + ( V/P)T,nj dP + ( V/n1)T,P,nj1 dn1 + ...+
( V/nn)T,P,njn dnn (0)
Se define volumen molar parcial, Vi , de una sustancia i en una disolucin como:
Vi = ( V / ni)T, P,nij (1)
Los volmenes molares parciales son funcin de la temperatura, la presin y la
composicin fraccionaria, son magnitudes intensivas. Dada su definicin los
volmenes molares parciales intervienen en la diferencial del volumen total a
temperatura y presin constantes.
dV = Vi dni (2)
En otras palabras, el volumen molar parcial es la velocidad de cambio del volumen
al aumentar la cantidad de sustancia i, manteniendo constante la presin, la
temperatura y, las cantidades de los dems componentes.
La definicin implica que cuando se altera la composicin al agregar una cantidad
dnj de j, y una cantidad dni de i, el volumen total de la mezcla cambia. (Con ji).
La integracin de la ecuacin (2) a temperatura, presin y composicin constante
conduce a la relacin:
V = ni Vi (3)
Si se considera una mezcla binaria de dos componentes (A y B), se comprueba
que:
Los volmenes molares parciales de los componentes de una mezcla varan con
la composicin, debido a que en el entorno de cada molcula cambia cuando la
2
PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL:
1. Montar el equipo como se muestra en los esquemas de la prctica.
2. Revisar que los tubos estn perfectamente limpios y secos.
3. Preparar un juego de soluciones Metanol-Agua cuya concentracin varie de
0 a 1 con intervalos de 0.1 en fraccin mol con respecto al etanol. Los
volmenes de cada solucin pueden calcularse con ayuda de las formulas,
tomando en cuenta que los subndices 1 son relacionadas al metanol y el 2
sern de agua.
V1 =
x 1 PM 1VT
1
x 1 PM 1 x 2 PM 2
+
1
2
V2 =
x 2 PM 2 VT
2
X 1 PM 1 x 2 PM 2
+
1
2
DIAGRAMA DE BLOQUES:
5
6
CLCULOS
Tomar cada uno de los tubosEnfriar
y colocar
una mezcla
de la solucin,
pesarde
el fotador
soluciones.
Determinar
la densidad
cada unanuevamente
de las soluciones por el pr
losel
volmenes
ndo el los tubos primero el aguaVerifcar
y despus
metanol. de cada tubo. Agitar el tubo para que se mezclen bie
Montar el equipo como se muestra en la prctica. Revisar que los tubos est
bos como se indica con concentraciones de 0 hasta 1 con intervalos de 0.1 de etanol.
Tabla 1.
Datos de las muestras a experimentar.
Solucin
X1 Metanol
X2 Agua
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1 metanol
(g/cm3)
0.7998
2 Agua
(g/cm3)
1
PM 1 metanol
(g/mol)
32
PM 2 Agua
(g/mol)
18
g
35 mL
mol
g
0.7998 3
cm
V 2=
=6.9 mL
g
g
0.1 mol32
0.9 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.1 mol32
g
35 mL
mol
g
0.7998 3
cm
V 4=
=17 mL
g
g
0.3 mol32
0.7 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.3 mol32
g
35 mL
mol
g
0.7998 3
cm
V 5=
=20.8 mL
g
g
0.4 mol32
0.6 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.4 mol32
g
35 mL
mol
g
0.7998 3
cm
V 6=
=24.1 mL
g
g
0.5 mol32
0.5 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.5 mol32
g
35 mL
mol
g
0.7998 3
cm
V 8=
=29.3 mL
g
g
0.7 mol32
0.3 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.7 mol32
g
35 mL
mol
g
0.7998 3
cm
V 9=
=31.5 mL
g
g
0.8 mol32
0.2 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.8 mol32
g
35 mL
mol
g
0.7998 3
cm
V 10=
=33.3 mL
g
g
0.9 mol32
0.1 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.9 mol32
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 2=
=28.1 mL
g
g
0.1 mol32
0.9 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.9 mol18
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 3=
=22.5 mL
g
g
0.2mol32
0.8 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.8 mol18
10
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 5=
=14.1mL
g
g
0.4 mol32
0.6 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.6 mol18
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 6=
=10.8 mL
g
g
0.5 mol32
0.5 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.5 mol18
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 7=
=8.1 mL
g
g
0.6 mol32
0.4 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.4 mol18
11
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 9=
=3.5 mL
g
g
0.8 mol32
0.2 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.2 mol18
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 10=
=1.7 mL
g
g
0.9 mo l32
0.1 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.1 mol18
g
35 mL
mol
g
1 3
cm
V 11=
=0 mL
g
g
1mol32
0 mol18
mol
mol
+
g
g
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0 mol18
W Flotadorenel aire=5.97
Masa del flotador en las soluciones
12
V Flo tador=
V Flotador =
E Flotador
Agua
2.65 gr
gr
1 3
cm
= 2.65cm3
13
(i )=
E Flotador
V Flotador
(1) =
2.65 gr
gr
=1 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(2) =
2.56 gr
gr
=0.9660 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(3 )=
2.51 gr
gr
=0.9472 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(4)=
2.45 gr
gr
=0.9245 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(5 )=
2.38 gr
gr
=0.8981 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(6 )=
2.36 gr
gr
=0.8906 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(7 )=
2.31 gr
gr
=0.8717 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(8 )=
2.25 gr
gr
=0.8491 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
14
2.21 gr
gr
=0.8339 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(10) =
2.17 gr
gr
=0.8189 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
(11)=
2.09 gr
gr
=0.7887 3
3
2.65 cm
cm
PM i= X 1PM 1+ X 2PM 2
PM 1=0 mol32
gr
gr
+1 mol18
=18 gr
mol
mol
PM 2=0.1mol32
gr
gr
+0.9 mol18
=19.4 gr
mol
mol
PM 3 =0.2 mol32
gr
gr
+0.8 mol18
=20.8 gr
mol
mol
PM 4=0.3 mol32
gr
gr
+ 0.7 mol18
=22.2 gr
mol
mol
PM 5 =0.4 mol32
gr
gr
+0.6 mol18
=23.6 gr
mol
mol
PM 6 =0.5 mol32
gr
gr
+0.5 mol18
=25 gr
mol
mol
PM 7 =0.6 mol32
gr
gr
+0.4 mol18
=26.4 gr
mol
mol
PM 8 =0.7 mol32
gr
gr
+0.3 mol18
=27.8 gr
mol
mol
PM 9 =0.8 mol32
gr
gr
+0.2 mol18
=29.2 gr
mol
mol
PM 10 =0.9mol32
PM 11 =1 mol32
gr
gr
+0.1 mol18
=30.6 gr
mol
mol
gr
gr
+0 mol18
=32 gr
mol
mol
15
V1 =
real
V2 =
V real
3 =
real
V4 =
PM i
i
18 gr
=18 mL
gr
1
mL
19.4 gr
=20.0820 mL
gr
0.9660
mL
20.8 gr
=21.9602mL
gr
0.9472
mL
22.2 gr
=24.0122 mL
gr
0.9245
mL
V real
5 =
23.6 gr
=26.2773 mL
gr
0.8981
mL
V real
6 =
25 gr
=28.0720 mL
gr
0.8905
mL
V real
7 =
26.4 gr
=30.2857 mL
gr
0.8717
mL
V real
8 =
27.8 gr
=32.7422mL
gr
0.8491
mL
V real
9 =
29.2 gr
=35.0136 mL
gr
0.8339
mL
V real
10 =
30.6 gr
=37.3687 mL
gr
0.8189
mL
real
V 11 =
32 gr
=40.5742mL
gr
0.7887
mL
16
V ideal
=
i
X 1PM 1 X 2PM 2
+
1
2
gr
gr
1 mol18
mol
mol
ideal
3
V1 =
+
=18 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0 mol32
gr
gr
0.9 mol18
mol
mol
ideal
3
V2 =
+
=20.2010cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0 mol32
gr
gr
0.8 mol18
m ol
mol
3
+
=22.4020 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.1 mol32
ideal
V3 =
gr
gr
0.7 mol18
mol
mol
3
+
=24.6030 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.2 mol32
ideal
V4 =
gr
gr
0.6 mol18
mol
mol
3
+
=26.8040 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.3 mol32
ideal
V5 =
gr
gr
0.5 mol18
mol
mol
3
+
=29.0050 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.4 mol32
ideal
V6 =
gr
gr
0.4 mol18
mol
mol
3
+
=31.2060 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.5 mol32
ideal
V7 =
gr
gr
0.3 mol18
mol
mol
3
+
=33.4070 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.7 mol32
ideal
V8 =
17
ideal
V9 =
V ideal
10 =
gr
gr
0.2 mol18
mol
mol
3
+
=35.6080 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.8 mol32
gr
gr
0.1 mol18
mol
mol
+
=37.8090 cm 3
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
0.9 mol32
gr
gr
0 mol18
mol
mol
ideal
3
V 11 =
+
=40.0100 cm
gr
gr
0.7998 3
1 3
cm
cm
1 mol32
ideal
V i=V i V i
18
V1
V2
(mL)
(mL)
Wi
EF
(g)
EF1
(g/mL
)
1
0.9660
0
35
3.32 2.65 2.65
6.932 28.067 3.41 2.56 2.56
0
9
3
12.50 22.497 3.46 2.51 2.51 0.9471
20
9
4
17.07 17.924 3.52 2.45 2.45 0.9245
53
6
5
20.89 14.102 3.59 2.38 2.38 0.8981
76
3
6
24.13 10.860 3.61 2.36 2.36 0.8905
98
1
7
26.92 8.0753 3.66 2.31 2.31 0.8716
46
8
29.34 5.6574 3.72 2.25 2.25 0.8490
25
9
31.46 3.5385 3.76 2.21 2.21 0.8339
14
10
33.33 1.66
3.8
2.17 2.17 0.8188
37
11
35
0
3.88 2.09 2.09 0.788
Concentrado de resultados de los clculos realizados.
PM
(g)
VIDEAL
VREAL
(mL)
(mL)
18
19.4
18
20.0820
18
20.2010
20.8
21.9601
22.4020
22.2
24.0122
24.6030
23.6
26.2773
26.8040
25
28.0720
29.0050
26.4
30.2857
31.2060
27.8
32.7422
33.4070
29.2
35.0135
35.6080
30.6
37.3686
37.8090
32
40.5741
40.0100
Grfica 1.
V vs X1
19
V
(mL)
0
0.1189
0.4418
0.5907
0.5266
0.9329
0.9202
0.6647
0.5944
0.4403
0.5641
V vs X1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
V (mL) -0.2
0.2
V (mL)0.6
0.4
0.8
1.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-1.2
X1 (mol)
Grfica 2.
Vreal y Videal vs X1
20
Vreal y Videal vs X1
45
40
35
30
25
V REAL (mL)
Vreal y Videal 20
V IDEAL (mL)
15
10
5
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
X1 (mol)
X 1 X 2
A + B ( X 1 X 2 ) +C ( 2 )
V =X 1X 2
Sustitucin de X2 como X1 en la ecuacin de Riedlich-Kister y desarrollada.
d V
2
2
3
= A(2 A X 1)B+(6 B X 1)(6 B X 1)+C(10C X 1)+(24 C X 1)(16 C X 1)
X1
Derivada resuelta de la ecuacin de Riedlich-Kister.
2
V = A X 1 A X 1 B X 1 +3 B X 12 B X 1+ C X 15 C X 1+ 8 C X 14 C X 1
Ecuaciones complementarias para la resolucin de clculos.
21
d V
X1
2= V X 1
d V
X1
1=V 1 + 1
2=V 2 + 2
Grfica 3.
V/(X1*X2) vs X1 para la obtencin de las constantes A, B y C de acuerdo a la ecuacin y
V/(X1*X2) vs X1
0
11.26x^2
0 f(x)
0.2=0.4
0.6 0.8- 13.04x
1 1.2- 0.01
-1
-2
V/(x1*x2)
V/(X1*X2) -3
Polynomial (V/(x1*x2))
-4
-5
-6
X1 (mol)
Por lo tanto:
A=0.0092
B=13.035
C=11.264
12. Calculo de la derivada resuelta de la ecuacin de Riedlich-Kister.
V 2=(0.0092 ) ( 0.1 )(0.0092 )( 0.1 ) (13.035 ) ( 0.1 ) +3 (13.035 )( 0.1 ) 2 (13.035 )( 0.1 ) + ( 11.264 ) ( 0.1 )
22
V 3= (0.0092 ) ( 0.2 )(0.0092 ) ( 0.2 ) (13.035 )( 0.2 ) +3 (13.035 )( 0.2 ) 2 (13.035 )( 0.2 ) + ( 11.264 ) ( 0.2 )
V 4 =(0.0092 )( 0.3 )(0.0092 )( 0.3 )2 (13.035 ) ( 0.3 ) +3 (13.035 )( 0.3 )22 (13.035 ) ( 0.3 )2 + ( 11.264 )( 0.3 )
V 5= (0.0092 ) ( 0.4 ) (0.0092 )( 0.4 )2(13.035 )( 0.4 ) +3 (13.035 ) ( 0.4 )22 (13.035 ) ( 0.4 )2 + ( 11.264 ) ( 0.4 )
2
V 6 =(0.0092 ) ( 0.5 ) (0.0092 ) ( 0.5 ) (13.035 ) ( 0.5 ) +3 (13.035 ) ( 0.5 ) 2 (13.035 )( 0.5 ) + ( 11.264 ) ( 0.5 )
V 7= (0.0092 ) ( 0.6 ) (0.0092 ) ( 0.6 )2 (13.035 ) ( 0.6 ) +3 (13.035 )( 0.6 )22 (13.035 ) ( 0.6 )2 + ( 11.264 ) ( 0.6 )
V 8= (0.0092 ) ( 0.7 ) (0.0092 ) ( 0.7 )2 (13.035 ) ( 0.7 ) +3 (13.035 )( 0.7 )22 (13.035 )( 0.7 )2 + ( 11.264 ) ( 0.7 )
2
V 9 =(0.0092 ) ( 0.8 ) (0.0092 ) ( 0.8 ) (13.035 ) ( 0.8 ) +3 (13.035 )( 0.8 ) 2 (13.035 ) ( 0.8 ) + (11.264 ) ( 0.8 )
V 10=(0.0092 ) ( 0.9 )(0.0092 ) ( 0.9 )2(13.035 )( 0.9 ) +3 (13.035 ) ( 0.9 )22 (13.035 ) ( 0.9 )2 + ( 11.264 )( 0.9 )
d V
= A(2 A X 1)B+(6 B X 1)(6 B X 21)+C(10C X 1)+(24 C X 21)(16 C X 31)
X1
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 )( 0 )(13.035 )+ 6 (13.035 ) ( 0 ) 6 (13.035 ) ( 0 )2 + ( 11.264 )10 ( 11.264 ) ( 0 ) +24
X1 1
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 )( 0.1 )(13.035 )+ 6 (13.035 ) ( 0.1 )6 (13.035 ) ( 0.1 )2+ ( 11.264 ) 10 ( 11.264 ) (
X1 2
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 0.2 )(13.035 )+ 6 (13.035 ) ( 0.2 )6 (13.035 ) ( 0.2 )2+ (11.264 ) 10 ( 11.264 ) (
X1 3
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 0.3 ) (13.035 ) +6 (13.035 ) ( 0.3 )6 (13.035 ) ( 0.3 )2+ (11.264 ) 10 (11.264 ) (
X1 4
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 0.4 ) (13.035 ) +6 (13.035 )( 0.4 )6 (13.035 ) ( 0.4 )2 + ( 11.264 )10 ( 11.264 )
X1 5
23
d V
2
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 0.5 )(13.035 ) +6 (13.035 )( 0.5 ) 6 (13.035 )( 0.5 ) + ( 11.264 )10 ( 11.264 ) (
X1 6
d V
2
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 0.6 )(13.035 ) +6 (13.035 )( 0.6 )6 (13.035 )( 0.6 ) + (11.264 ) 10 (11.264 ) (
X1 7
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 0.7 )(13.035 ) +6 (13.035 )( 0.7 )6 (13.035 )( 0.7 )2+ ( 11.264 )10 ( 11.264 )(
X1 8
d V
2
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 0.8 )(13.035 ) +6 (13.035 )( 0.8 )6 (13.035 )( 0.8 ) + ( 11.264 )10 ( 11.264 ) (
X1 9
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 )( 0.9 )(13.035 )+ 6 (13.035 ) ( 0.9 )6 (13.035 ) .9 ( 0 )2+ (11.264 ) 10 (11.264
X 1 10
d V
=0.00922 (0.0092 ) ( 1 )(13.035 )+ 6 (13.035 ) ( 1 )6 (13.035 ) (1 )2 + ( 11.264 )10 ( 11.264 ) ( 1 )+ 2
X 1 11
14. Calculo de las ecuaciones complementarias.
1= V + X 2
d V
X1
2= V X 1
d V
X1
V 1=40.0100mL
1(1)=40.0100 mL+24.2898=64.2998 mL
1(2)=40.0100 mL+9.2472=49.2572 mL
1(3)=40.0100 mL+0.7975=40.8075 mL
1(4 )=40.0100 mL + (3.0481 ) =36.9619 mL
1(5)=40.0100 mL+ (3.9543 )=36.0557 mL
25
V 1=18 mL
2(1)=18 mL +0=18 mL
2(2)=18 mL +0.7353=18.7353 mL
2(3)=18mL +2.1739=20.1739mL
2(4 )=18 mL+3.4085=21.4085 mL
2(5)=18mL +3.8555=21.8555 mL
2(6) =18 mL+3.2565=21.2565mL
2(7) =18 mL+1.6768=19.6768 mL
2(8) =18 mL+(0.4933)=17.5067 mL
2(9) =18 mL+(2.5394)=15.4506 mL
2(10)=18 mL +(3.4228)=14.5772 mL
2(11) =18 mL+(1.7802)=16.2198 mL
Grfica 4.
Vreal, Videal, 1 y 2 vs X1
26
Vreal, Videal, 1 y 2 vs X1
70
60
50
V REAL (mL)
40
V IDEAL (mL)
1
30
20
10
0
0
1 2
X1 (mol)
27
28
29
30