Centro de estudios posgrado e investigacion

Maestria en ingeniera estructural

Version v subsede SANTA CRUZ

Docente

maestrantes

MSC. Ing. carlos ANDRES perez eulate

JUAN ELIAS NINA VELIZ

DIEGO LAZCANO QUENTASI

fecha

01 DE JUNIO de 2015

SANTA CRUZ BOLIVIA

Prctica Final
1. Determinar la carga crtica mediante el mtodo de la bifurcacin de una columna ideal
empotrada en un extremo y libre en el otro (columna en voladizo).

X=0

Y'' = 0

X=0

Y"' + k2 Y' = 0

X=L

Y=0

X= L

Y' = 0

Y= A Sin k x + B Cos k x + C x + D
Y'= A k Cos k x - B k Sin k x + C
Y''= - A k2 Sin k x - B k2 Cos k x
Y"'= - A k3 Cos k x + B k3 Sin k x

Condiciones de Borde
X=0

Y" = 0
0

0 = - A k2 Sin k (0) - B k2 Cos k (0)

- B k2 = 0 B = - k2
X=0

Y"' + k2 Y' = 0
1

0 = - A k3 Cos k (0) + B k3 Sin k (0) + k2 (A k Cos k (0) - B k Sin k (0) + c)

0 = - A k3 + k2 (A k + C)
0 = - A k3 + A k3 + k2 C
C= 0
X=L

Y=0

0 = A Sin k (L) + B Cos k (L) + C (L) + D

X=L

Y' = 0

0 = A k Cos k (L) - B k Sin k (L) + C

0
0
Sin k (L)
k Cos k (L)

k^2
0
Cos k (L)
k Sin k (L)

0
1
L
1

0
0
1
0

A
B
=0
C
D
0

(-1)1+1 0 A11 + (-1)1+2 - k2 A12 + (-1)1+3 0 A13 + (-1)1+4 0 A14

0
Sin
k (L)
Dete =
k Cos k (L)

1
L
1

0
1 =0
0

k Cos k (L) = 0
(-1) - k2 (k Cos k (L)) = 0
k3 Cos k (L) = 0

1/k3

Cos k (L) = 0

Para soluciones de k diferentes a la trivial, su valor debe ser

k = (2n - 1) /2
Siendo n = 1, es decir, el primer modo de pandeo, queda un valor de k (L)
k2 = 2/4

k = /2

Sustituyendo en la expresin en la ecuacin de Euler

Pcr =

Pcr =

k^2 EI
L^2
^2EI
(2L)^2

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

EJERCICIO 2
40 KN b

a
3

80 KN

E1

E2

5
1

=
40 KN 1 2

80 KN
2

0.5

ER

ESTADO 1
E 1

I 1

Lv 5

Lh 7

ELEMENTO 1-2
1 0
M12

M21

1 0
2 E I
Lv

2 E I
Lv

2 0.5a
a

2 1 2

2 2 1

3
Lv

3
Lv

( 2 1)

2 2

( 2 1)

4 2

0.12 a

0.12 a

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

ELEMENTO 2-3
3 a
M23

M32

2 E I
Lv
2 E I
Lv

2 2 3

2 3 2

3
Lv
3
Lv

( 3 2)

4 2

( 3 2)

2 2

6 a
25
6 a
25

2 3
5
4 3
5

0.12 a

0.12 a

ELEMENTO 2-5
M25

M52

2 E I
Lh
2 E I
Lh

( 2 2 5)

( 2 5 2)

4 2
7
2 2
7

2 5
7
4 5
7

ELEMENTO 3-6

M36

M63

2 E I
Lh
2 E I
Lh

( 2 3 6)

( 2 6 3)

4 3
7
2 3
7

2 6
7
4 6
7

ELEMENTO 4-5
4 0
M45

M54

4 0
2 E I
Lv

2 E I
Lv

5 0.5a
a

2 4 5

2 5 4

3
Lv

3
Lv

( 5 4)

2 5

( 5 4)

4 5

( 6 5)

4 5

( 6 5)

2 5

0.12 a

0.12 a

ELEMENTO 5-6
6 a
M56

M65

2 E I
Lv
2 E I
Lv

2 5 6

2 6 5

3
Lv
3
Lv

6 a
25
6 a
25

2 6
5
4 6
5

0.12 a

0.12 a

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

ECUACIONES DE EQUILIBRIO

M2 = 0
H1

M12 M21
Lv

6 2
25

0.048 a

M5 = 0
H4

M45 M54
Lv

6 5
25

0.048 a

H = 0
H1 H4 80 = 0

6 2
25

6 5
25

0.096 a 80 = 0

H1 H4 80 = 0 simplificar 0.24 2 0.096 a 0.24 5 80.0 = 0

M21 M23 M25 = 0 simplificar 2.1714285714285714286 2 0.24 a 0.4 3 0.28571428571428571429 5 = 0 2

M32 M36 = 0 simplificar 0.4 2 0.12 a 1.3714285714285714286 3 0.28571428571428571429 6 = 0

M63 M65 = 0 simplificar 0.28571428571428571429 3 0.12 a 0.4 5 1.3714285714285714286 6 = 0

M56 M52 M54 = 0 simplificar 0.28571428571428571429 2 0.24 a 2.1714285714285714286 5 0.4 6 = 0 5

SOLUCION DEL SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES

valores de aproximacion
2 1

3 1

4 1

5 1

a 1

Dado
0.24 2 0.096 a 0.24 5 80.0 = 0
2.1714285714285714286 2 0.24 a 0.4 3 0.28571428571428571429 5 = 0
0.4 2 0.12 a 1.3714285714285714286 3 0.28571428571428571429 6 = 0
0.28571428571428571429 3 0.12 a 0.4 5 1.3714285714285714286 6 = 0
0.28571428571428571429 2 0.24 a 2.1714285714285714286 5 0.4 6 = 0

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

2
134.7169811320754717
3

76.603773584905660375
5 Find( 2 3 5 6 a) 134.7169811320754717
6
76.603773584905660375

a
1506.9182389937106918
1

2 134.717 EI
3 76.604

EI

5 134.717 EI
6 76.604

EI

a 1506.918

EI

DETERMINACION DE LOS MOMENTOS

M12
M21
M23
M32
M45
M54
M56
M65
M36
M63
M25
M52

2 2
5
4 2
5
4 2
5
2 2
5
2 5
5
4 5
5
4 5
5
2 5
5
4 3
7
2 3
7
4 2
7
2 2
7

0.12 a

M12

0.12 a

M21

6 a
25
6 a
25

2 3
5
4 3
5

0.12 a

M23

0.12 a

M32

0.12 a

M45

0.12 a

M54

6 a
25
6 a
25
2 6
7
4 6
7
2 5
7
4 5
7

2 6
5
4 6
5

0.12 a

M56

0.12 a

M65
M36
M63
M25
M52

2 2
5
4 2
5
4 2
5
2 2
5
2 5
5
4 5
5
4 5
5
2 5
5
4 3
7
2 3
7
4 2
7
2 2
7

0.12 a 126.943
0.12 a 73.057

6 a
25
6 a
25

2 3
5
4 3
5

0.12 a 42.415
0.12 a 65.66

0.12 a 126.943
0.12 a 73.057

6 a
25
6 a
25
2 6
7
4 6
7
2 5
7
4 5
7

2 6
5
4 6
5

0.12 a 42.415
0.12 a 65.66

65.66
65.66
115.472
115.472

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

Verificacion
14

M21 M23 M25 4.263 10

14

M32 M36 2.842 10

14

M63 M65 2.842 10

14

M56 M54 M52 4.263 10

H1
H4
H1 H4 80 = 0

6 2
25
6 5
25

0.048 a
0.048 a

6 2 0.048 a 6 5 0.048 a 80 1.421 10 14

25
25

OK

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA ESTRUCTURAL

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

ESTADO 2
E 1

I 1

Lv 5

Lh 7

ELEMENTO 1-2
1 0
M12

M21

1 0
2 E I
Lv

2 E I
Lv

2 0.5b
b

2 1 2

2 2 1

3
Lv

3
Lv

( 2 1)

2 2

( 2 1)

4 2

( 3 2)

4 2

( 3 2)

2 2

0.12 b

0.12 b

ELEMENTO 2-3
3 b
M23

M32

2 E I
Lv
2 E I
Lv

2 2 3

2 3 2

3
Lv
3
Lv

ELEMENTO 2-5
M25

M52

2 E I
Lh
2 E I
Lh

( 2 2 5)

( 2 5 2)

4 2
7
2 2
7

2 5
7
4 5
7

ELEMENTO 3-6

M36

M63

2 E I
Lh
2 E I
Lh

( 2 3 6)

( 2 6 3)

4 3
7
2 3
7

2 6
7
4 6
7

6 b
25
6 b
25

2 3
5
4 3
5

0.12 b

0.12 b

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA ESTRUCTURAL

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

ELEMENTO 4-5
4 0
M45

M54

4 0
2 E I
Lv

2 E I
Lv

5 0.5b
b

2 4 5

2 5 4

3
Lv

3
Lv

( 5 4)

2 5

( 5 4)

4 5

( 6 5)

4 5

( 6 5)

2 5

0.12 b

0.12 b

ELEMENTO 5-6
6 b
M56

M65

2 E I
Lv
2 E I
Lv

2 5 6

2 6 5

3
Lv
3
Lv

6 b
25
6 b
25

2 6
5
4 6
5

0.12 b

0.12 b

ECUACIONES DE EQUILIBRIO

M2 = 0
H1

M12 M21
Lv

6 2
25

0.048 b

M5 = 0
H4

M45 M54
Lv

6 5
25

0.048 b

H = 0
H1 H4 40 = 0

6 2
25

6 5
25

0.096 b 40 = 0

H1 H4 40 = 0 simplificar 0.24 2 0.096 b 0.24 5 40.0 = 0

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA ESTRUCTURAL

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

M21 M23 M25 = 0 simplificar 2.1714285714285714286 2 0.24 b 0.4 3 0.28571428571428571429 5 = 0

M32 M36 = 0 simplificar 0.4 2 0.12 b 1.3714285714285714286 3 0.28571428571428571429 6 = 0

3

M63 M65 = 0 simplificar 0.28571428571428571429 3 0.12 b 0.4 5 1.3714285714285714286 6 = 0

4

M56 M52 M54 = 0 simplificar 0.28571428571428571429 2 0.24 b 2.1714285714285714286 5 0.4 6 = 0

SOLUCION DEL SISTEMA DE ECUACIONES

valores de aproximacion
2 1

3 1

4 1

5 1

b 1

Dado
0.24 2 0.096 b 0.24 5 40.0 = 0
2.1714285714285714286 2 0.24 b 0.4 3 0.28571428571428571429 5 = 0
0.4 2 0.12 b 1.3714285714285714286 3 0.28571428571428571429 6 = 0
0.28571428571428571429 3 0.12 b 0.4 5 1.3714285714285714286 6 = 0
0.28571428571428571429 2 0.24 b 2.1714285714285714286 5 0.4 6 = 0

2
67.358490566037735848
3

38.301886792452830188
5 Find( 2 3 5 6 b) 67.358490566037735848
6
38.301886792452830188

b
753.4591194968553459
1

2 67.358

EI

3 38.302

EI

5 67.358

EI

6 38.302

EI

b 753.459

1
1
1
1

EI

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA ESTRUCTURAL

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

DETERMINACION DE LOS MOMENTOS

M12
M21
M23
M32
M45
M54
M56
M65
M36
M63
M25
M52

2 2
5
4 2
5
4 2
5
2 2
5
2 5
5
4 5
5
4 5
5
2 5
5
4 3
7
2 3
7
4 2
7
2 2
7

0.12 b

M12

0.12 b

M21

6 b
25
6 b
25

2 3
5
4 3
5

0.12 b

M23

0.12 b

M32

0.12 b

M45

0.12 b

M54

6 b
25
6 b
25

2 6
5
4 6
5

0.12 b

M56

0.12 b

M65

2 6

M36

7
4 6

M63

7
2 5

M25

7
4 5

M52

2 2
5
4 2
5
4 2
5
2 2
5
2 5
5
4 5
5
4 5
5
2 5
5
4 3
7
2 3
7
4 2
7
2 2
7

0.12 b 63.472
0.12 b 36.528

6 b
25
6 b
25

2 3
5
4 3
5

0.12 b 21.208
0.12 b 32.83

0.12 b 63.472
0.12 b 36.528

6 b
25
6 b
25
2 6
7
4 6
7
2 5
7
4 5
7

2 6
5
4 6
5

0.12 b 21.208
0.12 b 32.83

32.83
32.83
57.736
57.736

Verificacion
14

M21 M23 M25 2.132 10

14

M32 M36 1.421 10

14

M63 M65 1.421 10

14

M56 M54 M52 2.132 10

H1
H1 H4 40 = 0

H4

6 2 0.048 b 6 5 0.048 b 40 7.105 10 15

25
25

6 2
25
6 5
25

0.048 b
0.048 b

MAESTRIA EN INGENIERIA ESTRUCTURAL

DATOS DEL ESTADO 1

1

2e1 134.717

EI

3e1 76.604

EI

5e1 134.717

EI

6e1 76.604

EI

1
1
1
1

a 1506.918 EI

MDULO: ESTABILIDAD ESTRUCTURAL

DATOS DEL ESTADO 2

1

2e2 67.358

EI

3e2 38.302

EI

5e2 67.358

EI

6e2 38.302

EI

1
1
1
1

b 753.459 EI

DATOS DEL ESTADO REAL

1

2 2e1 2e2 202.075 EI

3 3e1 3e2 114.906 EI

5 5e1 5e2 202.075 EI

6 6e1 6e2 114.906 EI

a b 2260.377

EI

M12e1 126.943

M12e2 63.472

M12 M12e1 M12e2 190.415

M21e1 73.057

M21e2 36.528

M21 M21e1 M21e2 109.585

M23e1 42.415

M23e2 21.208

M23 M23e1 M23e2 63.623

M32e1 65.66

M32e2 32.83

M32 M32e1 M32e2 98.49

M45e1 126.943

M45e2 63.472

M45 M45e1 M45e2 190.415

M54e1 73.057

M54e2 36.528

M54 M54e1 M54e2 109.585

M56e1 42.415

M56e2 21.208

M56 M56e1 M56e2 63.623

M65e1 65.66

M65e2 32.83

M65 M65e1 M65e2 98.49

M36e1 65.66

M36e2 32.83

M36 M36e1 M36e2 98.49

M63e1 65.66

M63e2 32.83

M63 M63e1 M63e2 98.49

M25e1 115.472

M25e2 57.736

M25 M25e1 M25e2 173.208

M52e1 115.472

M52e2 57.736

M52 M52e1 M52e2 173.208

1 2 a b 2260.377 EI

ejercicio

Determinar la carga critica del portico que no tiene desplazamiento lateral

que se muestra en la siguiente figura. Asuma que todos los mienbros tienen
la misma seccion y el mismo material

La Pcrit esta dada por la columna q se encuentra mas alejada del

empotramiento lateral ya que en el eje y-y se encuentra articulada
empotrada y en el eje x-x empotrado libre

Adoptamos
bf 16.2
tf 2.26
d 17.1
tw 1.41
k 2.86
Ag 91.4
rx 6.88
ry 4.2
Zx 603
Zy 304
Sx 506
Sy 199
Ix 4330
Iy 1610
Cw 89100
J 136

seccion

W14x311

ASTM
Acero

Fy
Fu

A992
A992

50
65

E 29000
G 11200
L 15

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calculo de

esbeltez

del

ala

bf
= 3.584
2 tf

E
= 13.487
Fy

0.56

verificacion esbeltez
d

<

=1

ala

no

esbelta

>

=0

ala

esbelta

alma

2 k
= 8.071
tw

1.49

E
= 35.884
Fy

>

=0

alma

<

=1

no

esbelta
esbelta

Segun tabla E1.1 pandeo por flexion de mienbros sin elementos

esbeltos

Pn

Fcr Ag

determinar
Caso

(a))

Kx L
= 52.326
rx
12
Ky L
= 42.857
ry
12

eje

y y

Ky

eje

x x

Kx

K L
rx
12

el

4.71

E
Fy

pandeo

4.71

en

x x

E
= 113.432
Fy

gobierna

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cumple

entonces

Fe

Kx L
rx
12

Fy

Fe = 104.537

Fcr
dividido

12

para

0.658

Fe

q este en

Fy
pies

Fcr = 40.929

Pn

Fcr Ag = 3.741 10

Diseo a pandeo

Pn
eje

kips

torsional

Fcr Ag

de

simetria

Fe

E Cw

(Kx L 12)

+G J

por 12

1
Ix + Iy

para

Fe = 289.558

convertir a pulgada

Fy

Fcr

Pn

0.658

Fe

Fy

Fcr Ag

Norma

Fcr = 46.514

Pn = 4.251 10

kips

LRFD

0.9 3741
= 3.367 10

kips

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4. Encontrar la seccin W ptima que soporta una CM = 300 kN y una CV = 400 kN

utilizando la combinacin de carga (1.2CM + 1.6CV). El material tiene un Fy = 345
MPa. La longitud de la columna es 3.7 m y esta empotrada en ambos extremos. La
seccin debe tener una profundidad de 250 mm.
DATOS:
3.7
l
= 12.139
0.3048
estado de

carga

cv 300

kn

cm 400 kn

kn

c
c1
= 224.809
4.448221615

kips

adopto
2

E 29000

Kips

K 0.5

le l K = 6.07

ft

seccion

10 x?

W10x22
d 10.2
Ix 118
Iy 11.4

J 0.239 in

in
4
in
4
in

tw 0.24 in
3
Sx 23.2 in
2
Sy 3.97 in

G 11200
paso

Fy 345 0.1450377 = 50.038

c 1.2 cv + 1.6 cm = 1000

EE

Ag 6.49 in
k 0.66 in

ft

kip

2
in

bf 5.75 in
tf 0.36 in
rx 4.27 in
Zx 26.2
ry 1.33 in
Zy 6.1

Cw 275 in

Esbetez del ala

bf

= 7.986
2 tf

r 0.56

E
= 13.481

Fy

< r

ala

no

esbelta

Esbeltez del alma

TABLA
PANDEO

r 1.49

B4.1
A

E
= 35.87

Fy

d2k

= 37
tw

diseo

seccion

> r

alma

E7

FLEXIN

Kl
12 = 17.057

rx

Kl
12 = 54.763

ry

4.71

E
= 113.389

Fy

2
Kl
E
4.71

r
Fy

por lo

Fy

Fe
Fcr 0.658 Fy

tanto

E
Fef = 95.439
2

Kl
12

ry

ksi

PANDEO TORSIONAL
2 E Cw

1
Fet
+ G J
2
Ix + Iy
(K l 12)

Fet = [ 135.348 ]
Domina el
adoptamos

diseo

Ksi
a

Flexin

Fe Fef

Fe = 95.439

Ksi

Fy

Fe
Fcr 0.658 Fy = 40.179

Ksi

Q1
Kl
12 = 54.763

ry

4.71

E
= 113.389

Q Fy
be d 2 k = 8.88

2
Kl
E
< 4.71

ry
Q Fy

esbelta

be

2 k

8.88

Ae
Qa
= 0.966
Ag

Ae 2 bf tf + be tw = 6.271

Qs 1

Q Qs Qa = 0.966
2

4.71

E
= 115.35

Q Fy

Q Fy

Fe
Fy
Fcr Q 0.658

Pn Fcr Ag
0.9

Fcr = 39.113

Pn = 253.84
Pn = 228.456

kips
kips

W10x22 es la seccion optima para la carga

Ksi

5. Calcular la capacidad a flexin de una viga W14x82 ASTM A992 simplemente apoyada sujeta
a un momento constante si:
a. La viga tiene una longitud de 5 ft.
b. La viga tiene una longitud de 20 ft.
c. La viga tiene una longitud de
Datos de la seccion:
2

A 24 in
d 14.25 in
Tw 0.510 in
Bf 10.1 in
Tf 0.855 in
K 1.45 in
4
Ix 881 in
3
Zx 139 in
3
Sx 123 in
rx 6.05 in
4
Iy 148 in
3
Zy 44.8 in
3
Sy 29.3 in
ry 2.48 in
4
Jc 5.07 in
6
Cw 6710 in
rts 2.85 in
h0

d
2

Cb

Tw
2

h0 = 6.87 in

Datos Del material ASTM A992

Fy 50 ksi
Fu 65 ksi
E 29000 ksi
Calculo de las esbelteces
- Ala

Bf
2 Tf

= 5.906

Limite segun tabla B4.1a

0.38

E
Fy

Ala compacta

= 9.152

Alma

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- Alma

d
Tw
3.76

= 27.941
alma compacta
2

E
Fy

= 90.553

F2.- Miembros compactos

rts

Iy Cw
Sx

rts = 2.846 in

Lp

1.76 ry

E
Fy

Lp = 8.76 ft

Lr

E
1.95 rts
0.7 Fy

Jc
+
Sx h0

Jc
Sx h0

+ 6.76

0.7 Fy
E

Lr = 43.31 ft

1. Fluencia

Mp

Fy Zx

Mp = 6950 kip in

2. pandeo Lateral - Torcional

a.- Para Lb=5ft el pandeo lateral Lb 5 8.76 Lp por tanto no aplica
b.- Para Lb=20ft entoces Lp < Lb < Lr por 8.76 < 20 < 43.31

Lb

20 ft

Mn

Cb

Mp

(Mp

0.7 Fy Sx)

Lb Lp
Lr Lp

Mn = 6089.504 kip in

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c.- Para Lb=36ft entoces Lp < Lb < Lr por 8.76 < 36 < 43.31

Lb

36 ft

Mn

Cb

Mp

(Mp

0.7 Fy Sx)

Lb Lp
Lr Lp

Mn = 4864.614 kip in

3.- Capacidad de carga segun LFRD

0.9

a). Para Lb=5ft

Mna
Mn

6950 kip in
Mna 0.9

Mn = 6255 kip in
b). Para Lb=20ft

Mnb
Mn

6089.504 (kip in)

Mnb 0.9

Mn = 5480.554 kip in
c). Para Lb=36ft

Mnc
Mn

4864.614 (kip in))

Mnc 0.9

Mn = 4378.153 kip in

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