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Resumen
Los impactos sobre los servicios de los ecosistemas debidos a la actividad humana son un hecho. Los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (MDGs), las
propuestas de mitigacin y adaptacin del Grupo Intergubernamental de expertos sobre Cambio Climtico (IPCC) en sus sucesivos informes, as como las
propuestas por parte de Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) no pueden pasar desapercibidos para los proyectos en general y para los proyectos de
construccin en particular. La cantidad de residuos generados por el sector as como la cantidad de recursos consumidos (energa, materias primas) en todo
el ciclo de vida (construccin, explotacin, mantenimiento y deconstruccin) contribuyen decididamente al aumento de la huella ecolgica humana. Los
objetivos y requisitos para la Direccin Integrada de Proyectos de Ingeniera Civil tienen que cambiar. El fin ya no es slo la consecucin del triple objetivo
(plazo, coste y calidad) y de las prestaciones establecidas por el promotor. Ahora existen nuevos objetivos y requisitos de sostenibilidad en los proyectos
de construccin. Se analizan las herramientas y tcnicas realizadas en el campo de la construccin para lograr la consecucin de una construccin ms
sostenible y se propone un marco metodolgico de gestin sostenible dentro de los estndares de Direccin Integrada de Proyectos.
Palabras Clave: Gestin de proyectos, sostenibilidad, ingeniera civil, construccin sostenible
Abstract
Impacts on ecosystem services, due to human activity, are already a fact. The objectives of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the alleviation and
adjustment proposals from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in their consecutive reports, as well as the proposals by the Millennium
Ecosystem Assessment (MA) cannot go unnoticed for general projects and for particular construction projects. The amount of waste material generated by
the sector, as well as the amount of resources consumed (energy, raw materials) by the whole life cycle (construction, exploitation, maintenance and
deconstruction) definitely contributes to increase the human ecological footprint. The goals and requirements for the Integrated Project Management must
change. The objective is no longer the achievement of a triple goal (time, costs and quality) and the performance established by the developer. Nowadays
there are new sustainability goals and requirements for construction projects. Tools and development techniques are analyzed in the construction field, in
order to get a construction achievement in a more sustainable way; and a methodological framework for sustainable management according to standards
of Integrated Project Management is proposed.
Keywords: Project management, sustainability, civil engineering, sustainable construction
1. Introduccin
1. Introduction
147
148
2. Objetivo y alcance
149
150
MEDIO AMBIENTE
ENVIRONMENT
SOSTENIBILIDAD
SUSTAINABILITY
ECONOMA
(Tecnologa)
ECONOMY
(Technology)
SOCIEDAD
SOCIETY
151
152
LEGOE
Alemania/Germany
Green Star
Australia
Australia
Austria
Austria
Canad/Canada
Canad/Canada
Green Globes Canada (adaptado tambin a EEUU y Reino Unido/also adapted to USA and United Kingdom)
Canad/Canada
China
China
Dinamarca/Denmark
Dinamarca/Denmark, Finlandia/Finland,
Noruega/Norway, Suecia/Sweden,
Islandia/Island
LEED (adaptado tambin a Mexico, Canad, India/also adapted to Mexico, Canada, India)
EEUU/USA
EEUU/USA
Espaa/Spain
MIVES (Modelo Integrado de Valor para Estructuras Sostenibles/Integrated Value Model for Sustainable Structures)
Espaa/Spain
Europa/Europe (6thFP)
CASBEE
Japn/Japan
Korea
Sudfrica/South Africa
BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) -En proceso de adaptacin a
otros pases europeos como Espaa/Under adaptation process to other countries such as SpainSPeAR
153
154
155
Planning
- Integration
- Tools selection
- Goals &
requirements
- Surveys,
brainstorming,
interviews,
- Clasification
Identification
Feedback
Analysis
- Priorization
- Qualitative or
quantitative
analysis
- Acceptance
- Maximize
- Variation
- Discard
Response
Control
- Monitoring
- Registration
- Feedback
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Social economy
0,6
Time
0,4
0,2
0
Social integration
Environment
Quality
Promoter requirements
Figura 3. Ejemplo de evaluacin de una oportunidad atendiendo a los objetivos del proyecto,
los requisitos del promotor y la construccin sostenible
Figure 3. Example of an Opportunity Assessment focused on the project objectives,
promoter requirements and sustainable construction
Revista Ingeniera de Construccin Vol. 25 No2, Agosto de 2010 www.ing.puc.cl/ric
157
o Desechar la oportunidad
158
4. Conclusiones
4. Conclusions
7. Referencias / References
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