Relative Clauses

Frases Relativas (Versin ingls/espaol)

Qu son las frases relativas?

Son aquellas frases relativas a o relacionadas con algo o alguien, al cual o al que estas frases van subordinadas mediante un pronombre relativo: que, quien, el cual, cuyo, etc. Quin es Mara? Mara es la chica que vino ayer
(Frase relativa)

que vino ayer o la cual vino ayer

algo de la chica para identificarla. Ya sabemos que Mara no es otra si no la chica que vino ayer.

tiene relacin o dice

Relative clauses
Mara is the girl who came yesterday or Mara is the girl that came yesterday

This is the house which I bought last week or This is the house that I bought last week

Relative clauses
Two types of Relative clauses:

Restrictive: closely connected with the antecedent

This is not something that would disturb me

Non-restrictive: Nouns which are already definite. They add

something to the noun by given more information about it. They are not essential and can be omitted. The non-restrictive relative clauses are always between commas

Its all based on violence, which I hate

Frases Relativas

(explicacin en espaol)

Dos tipos de frases relativas: Restrictive (frases especificativas en espaol): Aquellas frases

estrechamente conectadas con su antecedente. Antecedente: nombre con el que la frase relativa est relacionado (puede ser una persona o una cosa) que vino ayer es Mara que pintaste era la ma

Non-restrictive (frases explicativas en espaol): Son aquellas frases

que normalmente dicen algo de la persona o cosa con las que van relacionadas pero no son importantes y por lo tanto se pueden omitir sin que la frase principal pierda sentido. Usualmente van entre comas.

Juan, que usa muletas, se ha vuelto a caer

Restrictive clauses Relative Pronouns

PERSONAL ANTECEDENT

According to the function in the sentences we have:

(segn la funcin que desempeen dentro de la frase)

subject : WHO object : WHO/WHOM genitive: WHOSE (personal/non-personal antecedent) (they can be changed by THAT except WHOSE)
(se pueden cambiar por THAT excepto WHOSE)

SUBJECT This is the man who came yesterday (formal) that (Informal) OBJECT This is the man whom you should know (formal) who (formal) that (Informal)

GENITIVE This is the man whose wife works with you

Restrictive clauses using preposition

Las preposiciones pueden ser usadas delante de los pronombres relativos o detrs del verbo de la frase de relativo. Si escribimos la preposicin delante del relativo slo podemos usar WHOM. Pero las preposiciones se pueden escribir detrs de su verbo, entonces podemos usar otros pronombres relativos.

to whom you spoke. This is the man whom you spoke to. who you spoke to that you spoke to

muy formal

formal informal

Restrictive clauses Relative Pronouns

NON-PERSONAL ANTECEDENT:

subject / object : WHICH (it can be substituted by THAT) genitive: WHOSE

SUBJECT There's still one thing which is not explained that OBJECT The house which you bought was my familys that

Non- restrictive Relative pronouns

Remember : The non-restrictive relative clauses are always between commas

"It's all based on violence, which I hate"

Subject: WHO (personal antecedent) WHICH (non-personal antecedent) Object: WHOM / WHO WHICH (They cannot be substituted by that)
Tom, who I havent seen for ages, is coming next week His house, which is enormous, has no running water

Relative adverbs
WHEN = in/on which (time) (cuando)

WHERE = in which

(place) (donde)

WHY = for which (reasons) (por lo que/ por la razn que...)

WHAT = that which (lo que...)

The year in which he died = The year when he died The day on which she arrived = The day when she arrived

The house in which he lived = The house where he lived has no running water.
"What I mean is this..."

ACTIVITIES
JOIN THE SENTENCES BY USING A RELATIVE PRONOUN
a.
b. c. d. e. f.

The woman is coming soon. Her husband is in the prison. Yesterday I met a man. He was wearing in red. That's Tom's sister. I spoke to her yesterday. I bought a car..... has two doors.
I met a man..... is blue-eyed. I live in a house.... roof is being mended.

MORE ACTIVITIES
JOIN BY MEANS OF A RELATIVE PRONOUNS
a. b. c. d.

e.
f. g. h. i.

j.
k. l. m. n.

o.
p.

This man is my uncle. He came yesterday. That is the boy. His father made him study for two hours. The book is very interesting.You bought it yesterday. I want to know it. My friends told you. She was dancing with a student. He had a slight limp. I am looking after some children.They are very spoilt. The bed has no mattress. I slept on this bed. Romeo and Juliet were two lovers. Their parents hated each other. There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box. I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed. This is the story of a man. His wife suddenly loses her memory. I met Mary. She asked me to give you this. I met Mary, ............................. Tom,....... was driving all day, was tired and wanted to stop. I was waiting for a man. He didn't turn up. The firm is sending me to New York. I work for this firm.