Seite 1 von 1

elcorintio
Formulario de Termodinmica

Ecuaciones de estado
Gas perfecto: nRT PV =
Gas de Van der Waals ( ) nRT b n V
V
a n
P =
|
|

\
|
+
2
2

Gas de Berthelot ( ) nRT b n V
TV
a n
P =
|
|

\
|
+
2
2

Gas real (ec. virial) ...
2
+ + + =
V
C
V
B
A PV
Slido simple ( ) P t V V + = 1
0


Transmisin de calor

T C n Q
T C m Q
=
=
'


Trabajo
Sistema Factor intensidad Factor amplitud Trabajo
Mecnico
Hilo metlico
Superficie de un lquido
Pila elctrica
Condensador elctrico
Dielctrico
Solenoide
Slido paramagntico
Presin (P)
Traccin ()
Tensin superficial ()
Fuerza electromotriz (E)
Diferencia de potencial ()
Campo elect. (E) por
0
Excitacin magntica (H)
Campo magntico (B)
Volumen (V)
Longitud (L)
Superficie (A)
Carga elctrica (q)
Carga elctrica (q)
Vol (V) por polarizacin (J
i
)
V por campo magntico (B)
Momento magntico (M*)
-P dV
dL
dA
dq
dq
V
0
dJ
i

V H dB
B dM*

Capacidad calorfica

P P V V
T
H
C
T
U
C
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

= ;
Relacin de Meyer: R C C
V P
=

Primer principio
W Q dU + = Para todos los procesos

Segundo principio

T
Q
dS

= Para procesos reversibles
Relacin de Boltzmann W k S
B
ln =

Tercer principio 0 lim
0
=

S
T

Seite 2 von 2
elcorintio

Procesos
Adiabticos

V P
R C
R C
C C
K PV
K P T
K VT
P
V
/
3
2
1
=
=
=
=

Isotrmicos

2
1
ln
P
P
nR S
cte PV
T
=
=

Politrpicos
dT
b
b
C dH C R C C
V V V P

(

= = + =
1

Isobricos

= dT
T
C
n S
P
P


Coeficiente de Joule - Thompson:
(

\
|

= V
T
V
T
C
P P
JT
1

Ciclo de Carnot:
c
f
T
T
=1
Ecuacin Gibbs-Helmholtz
( )
2
T
H
T
T G
P

=
(

Ecuacin de Clapeyron
v T
h
dT
dP

=
Ecuacin de Classius-Clapeyron
|
|

\
|

=
1 2 1
2
1 1
ln
T T R
h
P
P

Ecuacin de Antoine
C T
B
A P
vap
+
= ln

Funciones termodinmicas

TdS dG dH
PV TS U G W SdT dG
TS U A W SdT dA
+ =
+ = + =
= + =






Seite 3 von 3
elcorintio
Potencial qumico y entalpa libre
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
i k i k i k i k
n V S i n P S i n V T i n P T i i i
n U n H n A n G g

= = = = =
, , , , , , , ,


P T
i i
i
i i
j j
G
G
n n
d dn
,
0
~
|
|

\
|

= =

= =

d G PdV TdS dU
d G VdP TdS dH
d G PdV SdT dA
d G VdP SdT dG
~
~
~
~
+ =
+ + =
+ =
+ + =


Mezclas

( )
mezcla mezcla mezcla
N B A A mezcla
S T H G
y R n y R n S
=
+ = ln ln

Constantes de equilibrio

|

\
|
|

\
|
=
=
=
=
=

RT
H
R
S
K
y y K
N N K
c c K
P P K
j
j y
j
j N
j
j C
j
j P
j
j
j
j
exp exp
molar fraccin
molec/cm en
mol/L en
atm en
3

Relaciones entre derivadas
V
P
G
S
T
G
T
V
P
S
P
H
T P P T T
=
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

; ; ; 0

Diferenciales de funciones energticas

SdT VdP dG
TdS VdP dH
PdV TdS dU
PdV SdT dA
=
+ =
=
=


Derivadas de funciones energticas
P
V
A
S
T
G
V
P
H
T
S
U
T P S V
=
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

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elcorintio
Relaciones de Maxwell

T V P T
S P V S
V
S
T
P
T
V
P
S
P
T
S
V
S
P
V
T
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

\
|

=
|

\
|

Tablas de Bridgeman

I. Presin constante:

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) S P G
T V P S P A
C P H
T V P C P U
T C P S
P T
T V P V
G P
P A P
P H P
P P U P
P S P
T P
P V P
= =
+ = =
= =
= =
= =
= =
= =
1


II. Temperatura constante

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) V T G
P V P T A
T V T V T H
P V P T V T T U
T V T S
P V T V
G T
T A T
P H T
T P U T
P S T
T V T
= =
= =
+ = =
+ = =
= =
= =


III. Volumen constante

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
T P G V
T A V
P P T P H V
P T P U V
P T P S V
P V S T V V V G
P V S V A
T V V T V T P V C V H
T V T P V C V U
T V T P V C T V S
+ = =
= =
+ = =
+ = =
+ = =
2
2
2
1


IV. Entropa constante

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
P P G S
P P T P A S
P H S
P T P U S
T V ST VC T S G
T V ST T V T P V C T P S A
T VC S H
T V T P V C T P S U
+ = =
+ = =
= =
+ = =
1
2
2


Seite 5 von 5
elcorintio
V. Energa interna constante

( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) ( ) [ ]
T P P P G U
T P P T P A U
P T P P P H U
P V P T V T S T V P C V U G
P V P T V T S T V T P V C P U A
T V T P V C p T V P C V U H
+ + = =
+ + + = =
+ = =
2
2


VI. Entalpa constante

( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( ) [ ] ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
P P G H
T P P P A H
T V TS S C V H G
P V PC T V T V T V P S H A
+ + = =
+ + = =


VII. Energa libre constante
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ( )
P T A G
T V PV P V P V S G A + = =