• CUENTA LA LEYENDA QUE, ALLÁ POR

EL SIGLO III A.C., EL TIRANO DE

SIRACUSA, HERÓN II, RECLAMÓ UN
DÍA DEL SABIO ARQUÍMEDES QUE
DETERMINARA SI UNA CORONA QUE
HABÍA ENCARGADO EL SOBERANO
ERA REALMENTE DE ORO PURO,
COMO PRETENDÍA EL ORFEBRE
HACEDOR.
• EN UNO DE LOS PLATILLOS DE UNA BALANZA, SE
PONE UNA CANTIDAD DE ORO QUE PESE
EXACTAMENTE LO MISMO QUE LA ENTREGADA POR
EL REY AL ARTESANO, EN EL OTRO PLATILLO DE LA
BALANZA DEBE SER PUESTA LA CORONA. AHORA
PIENSA EN ESTO: EL ORO ENTREGADO POR EL REY
PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE LA CORONA OCUPA UN
DETERMINADO VOLUMEN, Y ESTE NO CAMBIARÁ AL
DARLE LA FORMA DE CORONA, SI LA CORONA NO
TIENE ALTERACIONES DEBE TENER EL MISMO
VOLUMEN QUE EL ORO DISPUESTO PARA SU
ELABORACIÓN.
• ASÍ PUES, EN EL AIRE, LA CORONA Y EL
ORO PESAN LO MISMO; PERO SI SE
SUMERGEN EN EL AGUA, LA CORONA
ALTERADA SUFRIRÁ MÁS FUERZA DE
EMPUJE HACIA ARRIBA DEBIDO A QUE
SU VOLUMEN SERÁ MAYOR Y
DESPLAZARÁ MÁS AGUA. POR LO
TANTO LA BALANZA SE INCLINARÁ
COMO SE MUESTRA EN LA ANIMACIÓN
DE ABAJO:

• POR EL CONTRARIO SI CORONA ESTÁ ALTERADA CON

OTRO MATERIAL COMO POR EJEMPLO COBRE, SU
VOLUMEN SERÁ MAYOR, YA QUE PARA CONSERVAR
EL PESO ORIGINAL DEBE USARSE UNA CANTIDAD DE
COBRE QUE IGUALE EL PESO DEL ORO HURTADO, Y
COMO EL COBRE ES MENOS DENSO QUE EL ORO SE
DEBERÁ USAR UN MAYOR VOLUMEN DEL MISMO.
The buoyant force is an upward force resulting
from an object being wholly or partially
immersed in a fluid.
 Buoyant force makes thing seem to be lighter

• The weight of an object in air is its actual weight

• The weight measured when the object is immersed
in a fluid is its apparent weight.
• The apparent weight loss of the object is due to
buoyant force.
• When in water, the object
Weight
experiences two forces:
(a) The actual weight which
acts downwards
(b) The buoyant force which
acts upwards.

The buoyant force is equal to the apparent

loss in weight.
 Buoyant force = actual weight – apparent weight
= 25 – 15
= 10 N
• The object displaces a volume of water. The bigger the volume of the
object immersed, the bigger the volume of the liquid displaced.

Volume of liquid displaced = volume of the submerged part of the

object
𝑉 𝑆=
( )
𝜌𝑐
𝜌𝑙
𝑉𝑐
PROBLEM EXAMPLE 11
PROBLEM EXAMPLE 12
EXPLAIN WHY A BOAT MADE OF STEEL WILL FLOAT IN WATER,
BUT A BLOCK OF STEEL WILL SINK

A block of steel will displaced a

small volume of water only. So the
buoyant force acting on it is smaller
than its weight. Therefore it sinks

• A ship floats on the surface of the sea

because the volume of water displaced
by the ship is sufficiently large. The
weight of water displaced is large so the
buoyant force acting on the ship is also
greater. Weight of ship equal Buoyant
force. Therefore it floats.
• Although a ship is constructed of metal, which has a Larger density than
water, its shape is hollow so that the overall density of the ship is smaller
than the sea water.
• As a result, the buoyant force acting on the ship is large enough to support
its weight.
 SAMPLE PROBLEMA #14

A one liter container is completely full of lead. Its mass is

10.0 kg. It sinks into the water, so the buoyant force on it
is:
 SAMPLE PROBLEMA #15

An object weighs 40.0 N in air and 32.8 N when

immersed in glycerin, (ρ glycerin = 1260 kg/m3). Find:
The push.
b) The volume of the object.
c) The density of the object.
 EXERCISE #19

A ring weighs 2.0 N in air and 1.9 N in water. Is it

gold?
 EXERCISE #20

A stone which density is 2500 kg/m3 weighs 24 N in

water. Calculate its weight.
 EXERCISE #21

Using a weighing scale, it can be known that a piece

of alloy has a mass of 86 g in air and 73 g when
submerged in water. Calculate its volume and density
 SAMPLE PROBLEMA #16

Una caja rectangular de 60kg está abierta desde su

lado superior, las dimensiones de la caja son: 1.0m x
0.80m x 0.50m. a) ¿Cuál es la altura sumergida por la
caja en agua dulce? b) ¿Cuál es la masa que hará que
la caja se hunda a una profundidad de 30 cm?
S=180kg
 EXERCISE #22

A plastic foam (ρ=0.58gr/cm3) is used as a life preserver. What amount of

plastic (volume) should be used if 20% (by volume) of an 80kg man has to
remain on the surface of the lake water? The average density of man is
1.04gr/cm3