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12-03-21
 COMPARATIVO Y SUPERLATIVO
Comparativo
Se usa en inglés para comparar diferencias entre los dos
objetos a los que modifica (larger, smaller, faster, higher).
Se emplea en oraciones donde comparamos dos nombres,
de la manera siguiente:
Nombre (sujeto) + verbo + adjetivo en grado
comparativo + than + nombre (objeto)
Superlativo
Describe un objeto que se encuentra en el extremo
superior o inferior de una cualidad (the tallest, the
smallest, the fastest, the highest). Se utiliza en oraciones
en las que comparamos un sujeto con un grupo de objetos,
como aquí:
Nombre (sujeto) + the + adjetivo en grado superlativo +
nombre (objeto).
 Ejemplos
Comparative
1. My house is larger than hers.
2. This box is smaller than the one I lost.
3. Your dog runs faster than Jim's dog.
4. The rock flew higher than the roof.
5. Jim and Jack are both my friends, but I like Jack
better. ("than Jim" se sobreentiende)
Superlative
1- My house is the largest one in our neighborhood.
2. This is the smallest box I've ever seen.
3. Your dog ran the fastest of any dog in the race.
4.We all threw our rocks at the same time. My rock
flew the highest. ("of all the rocks" está
sobreentendido)
 Tipos de comparativos

01 02 03

DE DE
DE IGUALDAD
SUPERIORIDAD INFERIORIDAD
not as + adjetivo positivo +
adjetivo en forma as + adjetivo en grado
as o less + adjetivo en
comparativa + than. positivo + as positivo+ than.
Maria runs faster than I am as tall as Berta. Mario is not as fast as Maria,
Mario.
Marta’s room is less clean than
Angela’s
 Formación de comparativos y superlativos regulares
Adjetivos de una sílaba:

Añadir -er para el comparativo y -est para el superlativo. Si el adjetivo termina en consonante + vocal + consonante, la última
consonante debe repetirse antes de añadir la terminación:

Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo

Tall Taller Tallest

Fat Fatter Fattest

Big Bigger Biggest

Sad Sadder Saddest

 Formación de comparativos y superlativos regulares
Adjetivos de dos sílabas:

Se puede formar el comparativo añadiendo -er, como los adjetivos de una sílaba, o bien colocando more delante del adjetivo, como
ocurre con los de tres sílabas. Estos adjetivos pueden formar el superlativo añadiendo la terminación -est o bien poniendo most
delante el adjetivo. En muchos casos se utilizan las dos formas, aunque uno de los usos será más habitual que el otro. Si no estamos
seguros de que un adjetivo pueda tomar las terminaciones de comparativo o superlativo, es mejor utilizar more y most.

Cuando un adjetivo de dos sílabas termina en y, hay que cambiarla por i antes de añadir la terminación.

Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo

Happy Happier Happiest

Simple Simpler Simplest

Busy Busier Busiest

Tilted More tilted Most tilted

Tangled More tangled Most tangled

 Formación de comparativos y superlativos regulares
Adjetivos de tres o más sílabas:

Los adjetivos de tres sílabas o más forman el comparativo colocando more antes del adjetivo y el superlativo colocando most.

Adjetivos Comparativo Superlativo

Important More important Most important

Expensive More expensive Most expensive

Formación de comparativos y superlativos Irregulares
Algunos adjetivos muy corrientes tienen formas irregulares en los grados comparativo y superlativo.

Adjetivo Comparativo Superlativo

Good Better Best

Bad Worse Worst

Little Less Least

Much More Most

Far Further/ farther Furthest/ farthest

EXAMPLE
S
Today is the worst day I've had in a
long time.

You play tennis better than I do.

This is the least expensive sweater in

the store.

This sweater is less expensive than

that one.

I ran pretty far yesterday, but I ran

even farther today.
EXERCISE Encuentra los errores y corrígelos

1) The Saint Bernard is taller as the German Shepherd.

2) It’s more better for a dog to live in the country than in the city.

3) The Chihuahua is the most short dog of all.

4) I like driving in the summer much more better than driving in the winter.

5) His cat had much bigger eyes than my Chihuahua.

6) The sheepdog is much more heavier than the Cocker Spaniel.

7) The Saint Bernard is the much heaviest dog in the world.

 02
CONDITIONA
LS
Los condicionales se emplean para especular acerca de lo que podría
ocurrir, lo que puede haber ocurrido y lo que desearíamos que
ocurriese. En inglés, la mayoría de las oraciones que emplean el
tiempo verbal condicional contienen el término "if".
 CONDICIONAL CERO
El "zero conditional" se utiliza cuando el tiempo al que nos referimos es ahora o siempre y la situación es real y
posible. Este tipo de condicional suele emplearse para hablar de hechos generales.

Preposición “if” Present simple

If + present simple Simple present

If you heat ice, It melts

If it rains, the grass wets

 FIRST CONDITIONAL
Se emplea para referirse al presente o futuro cuando la situación es real. El condicional tipo 1 se refiere a una condición
posible y su resultado probable. En estas oraciones, la cláusula "if" adopta el "simple present" y la proposición principal
el "simple future".

If- Present simple Preposición principal

If + present simple Simple future

If this thing happens, That will happen

If you don´t hurry You will miss the train

If it rains today, You will get wet

 SECOND CONDITIONAL
Se utiliza para referirse a un tiempo que puede ser ahora o en cualquier momento y a una situación que no es real.
Estas oraciones no aluden a hechos. El condicional tipo 2 se emplea para hacer referencia a una condición hipotética
y su resultado probable. En estas oraciones, la proposición "if" adopta el "simple past" y la cláusula principal el
"present conditional".

Preposición “If” Preposición principal

If + simple past Present conditional

If this thing happened That thing would happen

If it rained You would get wet

If I spoke italian I would work on Italy

 YOU COULD USE THREE COLUMNS, WHY NOT?

MARS JUPITER SATURN

Despite being red, Mars is It’s a gas giant and the It’s a gas giant, composed
actually a very cold place biggest planet in the Solar mostly of hydrogen and
System helium
 A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of
data, so remember: use an image
instead of a long text
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
AWESOME
WORDS
 DO YOU NEED A GRAPH?

Venus has a beautiful

name, but it’s terribly

Mercury is the closest

planet to the Sun

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change

the data and paste the new graph here
 SOMETIMES, REVIEWING CONCEPTS IS A GOOD
IDEA

MERCURY VENUS MARS

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name, Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun but it’s terribly hot a cold place

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

It’s the biggest planet in the Saturn is the ringed one and Neptune is the farthest
Solar System a gas giant planet from the Sun
 INFOGRAPHICS MAKE YOUR IDEA
UNDERSTANDABLE...

SATURN NEPTUNE
Saturn is the ringed one Neptune is the farthest
and a gas giant planet

MARS JUPITER
Mars is actually a very It’s the biggest planet
cold place of them all
 ...AND THE SAME GOES FOR TABLES

MASS DIAMETER SURFACE

(earths) (earths) GRAVITY
(earths)

MERCURY 0.06 0.38 0.38

MARS 0.11 0.53 0.38

SATURN 95.2 9.4 1.16

THIS IS A MAP

MARS
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place

MERCURY
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
 A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS WELL

DAY 1 DAY 2 DAY 3 DAY 4

Mercury is the Jupiter is the Despite being Venus has a

closest planet to biggest planet of red, Mars is a beautiful name,
the Sun them all cold place but it’s very hot
4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 23s

is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon
 OUR TEAM

JENNA DOE HELENA JAMES

You can replace the image on You can replace the image on
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YOU COULD USE FOUR COLUMNS, WHY NOT?

MERCURY VENUS
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name,
planet to the Sun but it’s terribly hot

MARS JUPITER
Despite being red, Mars is a It’s the biggest planet in the
cold place Solar System
 PROGRESS

70% Venus has a beautiful

name, but it’s hot

Mercury is the closest 30%

planet to the Sun

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change

the data and paste the new graph here
 IDENTIFYING INFORMATION

MERCURY SATURN

50% 20%

Mercury is the closest Saturn is the ringed one

planet to the Sun and a gas giant
 WHAT ABOUT THESE PERCENTAGES?

20% 50% 75%

MARS SATURN MERCURY

Despite being red, Mars Saturn is the ringed one It’s the smallest planet in
ir a cold place and a gas giant the Solar System
 03
JUPITER
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