Exploración y aprovechamiento de la diversidad del

banano para el desarrollo de variedades con

resistencia a enfermedades limitantes

Fernando A. García-Bastidas PhD

Líder programa mejoramiento Banano– KeyGene
Wageningen - Netherlands

@Ferchucky
fba@Keygene.com
 Cavendish
> ‘Grand Naine’
> ‘Williams’
> ‘Valery’
> ~ 50 more….

The crop innovation company 2

Cavendish – global monoculture

5–6 M ha
 Diversidad
Genética

Mas de 1200 variedades

Heslop-Harrison J. S. & Schwarzacher T. 2007
650 Cultivares triploides
290 Cultiaves diploides
Híbridos ???
Lescot., 2019 180 especies silvestres
Diploides Comestibles

Photos by Smith GS
 Triploides

Photos by Smith GS
Diploides Silvestres

alasensis
sumatrana
halabanensis
tomentosa
microcarpa

banksii

longipetiolata

acuminata

malaccensis

zebrina
rutilifes
breviformis nakaii Photos by Fajar Ahmad – F. García Bastidas
cerivera bantamensis
 Genus Genero Musa

Section Australimusa
X=10
Callimusa
X=10
Eumusa
X=11
Rhodochlamys
X=11

Musa acuminata Musa balbisiana

Musa textilis Musa beccarii Musa acuminata Musa balbisiana Musa velutina

Domestication Domestication
Edible clones : Fe’is Edible banana varieties
Bakry et al., 2009
 X

Musa acuminata (AA) Musa balbisiana (BB)

Pisang Mas (AA) Cavendish (AAA) Kepok (ABB)

AB, ABB, AAAA, ABBB….
Maryani ., 2019
5000
5000BC
BC Domesticación
#TheHistoryOfTheBanana

5000
B.C …
Cavendish & la producción sostenible
Bajo amenaza

Farm production, cost distribution –

(Costa Rica 2012 – planting to warehouse)

Black Sigatoka (Pseudocercospora fijiensis)

13
 Amenaza TR4

Salacinas et al., 2019

Pakistan, FA García 2015

FUSARIUM RAZA 4 TROPICAL
DE PROBLEMA LOCAL A UNA
PANDEMIA
Mal de Panamá versión 2.0
Tropical Race 4
Cavendish = Susceptible

2013 (5 países) – 2022 (>20 países)

1990 … 2022

Jorge Hernan Palacino, ICA 2020 Fotos: ICA Twitter 2020

15
Que hacer?
Control =Management
Escenario 1 Quarantine
and
exclusion

Genetic Biological
control control
Control
Management
Escenario 2 strategies

Cultural Chemical
control control
• Genotipos pre-existentes Quarantine
and
exclusion
• Mejoramiento Clásico
• Mejoramiento no convencional
• Mutagénesis
Genetic Biological
• GM - GE
control control
Control
Management
strategies

Cultural Chemical
control control
Resistencia de la colección global de Musáceas
(banana y plátano) contra Fusarium spp. Race 1 y TR4

~1.500 350 245

Panama Disease in Banana: Spread, Screens, and Genes, García., 2019

Improved protocols

García-Bastidas et al, 2019

Screenings for resistance (R1-TR4)

García-Bastidas F, Bakry F, Irish B & Kema K. 2019

DIFERENTIAL FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE
REACTION OF BANANA (MUSA SPP.)
Water Race 1 TR4

Cavendish
Gros Michel
Differential responses of banana cultivars ‘Grand

R MS S
Naine’ and ‘Gros Michel’ after inoculation with race
1 and TR4.

Panama Disease in Banana: Spread, Screens, and Genes, Garcia., 2019

DIFERENTIAL FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE REACTION
OF BANANA (MUSA SPP.)

(A) ‘Morong Princesa’; (B) ‘Uwati’; (C) ‘NBA-14’; (D) ‘Manang’;

(E) ‘Paka’; and (F) ‘Tjau Lagada’.
 
(A), Cavendish-Somaclone ‘Dwarf Nathan’-; (B), Cavendish-Somaclone GCTCV-119; (C),
AAA-Red ‘Verdin’; (D), East African Highland Banana (EAHB) ‘Nchumbahaka’ AAA –
‘Mutika’ ; (E) Cavendish-Mutant ‘M13’-AAA; (F) AAB plantain ‘Dwarf superplantain’-; (G),
Cavendish-mutant ‘Gal’; (H), AAA Mutika EAHB ‘Igitsiri (intuntu)’; (I), AAB plantain Congo
300-.

Panama Disease in Banana: Spread, Screens, and Genes, García., 2019

DIFERENTIAL FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE
REACTION OF BANANA HYBRIDS

Título: xxxxxxxxxxxx
Water

Race 1
Differential Fusarium wilt disease reaction of resistant hybrid and susceptible banana
(Musa spp.)
 

TR4

Panama Disease in Banana: Spread, Screens, and Genes, García., 2019

 135 accessions

Título: xxxxxxxxxxxx AAA ABB AAB

Wild types (AA – BB)
Edible diploids (AA)

Crop Innovation
Center
KeyGene

The crop innovation

26 company
 Precision breeding
banksii

al
Spir d
o
Ba Guy beo
Be gul d u
Ga
ram
leo
v u
y
gu ai
od Exploit existing genetic variation of 2n
k u
at
banana germplasm to develop novel
edible, export, disease resistant banana

Microcarpa
varieties
~130 diploids *

Siamea
burma
Detailed Sequence of Cavendish + DNA
*
*
profile of diploid germplasm
*
M
lal
i

sis
cen
* *

lac
*

ma
a
kh buay
fig ai
ue *
Zebrina

Gros Michel Cavendish

Knowledge based breeding

Comparing Genomes
(re)-constructing edible bananas (with Disease Resistance)

Germplasm Access & Management

2n & 4n R- 3n hybrids & Diversity &

R&S-genes germplasm fieldtrials varieties

Research Strategy
 New facilities
Título: xxxxxxxxxxxx
The crop innovation company 30
 De semilla a planta

Embryo rescue
Padres mejorados
Resistencia (Fusarium y BS)

32
Poblaciones para estudios genéticos

33
Plantas resistentes

External view of the plant Internal observation

Plantas susceptibles

External view of the plant Internal observation

 Resistance gene discovery
Título: xxxxxxxxxxxx

candidate gene

36
BSA FOR TR4
Genotyping +phenotyping

Wild types Culti vars

20.00 16.00 2.00
24.00 12.00
HR

Título: xxxxxxxxxxxx
12.00 20.00
R 14.00
MS
S 12.00 20.00 24.00 24.00
VS
XS
MusaPedia & KeySeeQ® analysis

Fusarium
Race 1

Fusarium
Tropical
Race 4
Differential gene expression – Resistant
reaction
KeySeeq® -Transcriptomics based discovery

Objective & Data

analysis 1 Selection
biological Data analysis 2
Questions Candidate validation
Biological Biologically relevant
Data to differences per gene list
experiment signals, genes &
Experimental sequences sample per gene
per pathways
design:
sample &
per gene

Biological Expert Knowledge

El futuro
Black Sigatoka - P. fijiensis

Isolate source Symptoms

code development

P06 Costa Rica +++

P45 Colombia +++
P78 Africa +++++
(Zanzibar)
P122 Philippines +
P132 Taiwan +++
P134 Dominicans +
P83 Panama +++
P86 Taiwan ++
MUTANTS GM & GENOME EDITING
Título: xxxxxxxxxxxx

KeyPoint® Breeding: Random mutagenesis: sequence based detection of mutations

GE: Efficient protoplast regeneration protocols for banana

ABBB meeting – Tanzania May, 2022
Andean Guide to the Diagnosis of Fusarium
Race 4 Tropical

Taller de
nivelación de
capacidades en
diagnóstico de
R4T.
2020
The Future Is Diversity
Agradecimientos
Banana Team at Keygene

Greenhouse

Rolf Mank
Luuk Wilbers
Has van den Heuvel
Herbert Schrijver

Anker Sørensen Fernando García Rene Hofstede Alex Bersgma

Collaborators at KeyGene
Bioinfomatics
Laboratory
Dennis Woltinge
Bipna Shrestha Marcel Van Verk
Anna Finkers Alexander Wittenberg
Tanya Radoeva Rui Peng Wang
Franck Lhuissier Koen Nijbroek
Jeroen Berg Reza Talebi Orhan Oskan Noor V rEekum Lian Perebolde
Lisanne Blommers Marley Yeong
RSG group Anna Freudenreich
Koen Hovenaars
Marielle Sengers
Pauline van Haperen