Redacción de textos en

inglés: puntos finos

Patrick Weill
LOS PUNTOS FINOS
1. El artículo definido (The)
2. That vs which
3. La punctuación en inglés
4. Inglés americano vs inglés británico
5. Los adjetivos plurales
6. To vs in order to
7. Like vs such as
8. Redacción avanzada
9. Errores comunes
10. La revisión final
11. Puntos finos finales
EL USO DEL ARTÍCULO DEFINIDO (THE)

Utilizamos “the” para indicar que el sustantivo

se refiere a algo específico, por ello se llama
definido.

Hablamos de algo o alguien concreto que

tanto el emisor como el receptor del mensaje
conocen porque ya ha salido anteriormente
en el texto o porque tanto el emisor como el
receptor lo conocen previamente.
USO GENERAL vs USO ESPECÍFICO:
In our study, the anterograde venous drainage was
considered normal venous drainage.
The anterograde venous drainage considered in this study
was observed over several months.
 
The Cancer is not contagious.
The cancer of my grandfather took him from us in only a few
months.
 
The Psychology (in general) is an interesting topic.
“The Psychology of Sports” was a course I took in college.
F I ND T HE N OU NS (S USTANT IVO S) AND D ET E R MI NE W HY
T H EY C AR R Y TH E D EFIN IT E AR TI C LE O R WHY T HE Y D O NOT

We established normal CETP values for a pilot

sample in a Mexican population and the
relationship between these values and plasma
lipids. This section presents our assessment of this
sample, which enabled us to make an
approximation of its CETP levels, of some of the
etiological and risk factors for atherogenesis, and of
the interaction between all of these.
We also assessed the general conditions of the
pilot population with regard to EFs and RFs.

AZUL= sustantivos ROJO= denota pares

F IND TH E NO UN S (S U STAN T IVOS) AN D DE T ER M INE WH Y
T HEY C AR R Y T HE DE FI NI TE A RT IC L E OR W HY THE Y DO NOT

Pantropical and eusocial stingless bees

belong to the monophyletic tribe Meliponini,
included within the Apinae subfamily of the
Apidae family.
THAT VS WHICH

Pronombres - El antiguo manual de Gramática de

la lengua Española (1558) sostiene que:
pronombre es una parte de la oración que se pone
algunas veces en ella en lugar del nombre para
evitar su repetición.

La misma regla se aplica en inglés.

Pronouns: I, he, she, it, mine, his, hers, theirs,

myself, this, that, etc.

I like the new car because it is fast.

 PRONOMBRES RELATIVOS
Utilizamos los pronombres relativos para referirnos a un
sustantivo mencionado previamente y al que queremos
agregar más información o modificar.
Algunos pronombres relativos se pueden usar sólo con
personas, otros sólo con cosas y algunos con ambos.

who -se usa sólo para personas-

that -se usa para cosas y personas- para información
necesaria
which - se usa para cosas- para información explicativa
whom - a quien, a quienes, al que
whose - cuyo/a, cuyos/as, de quien, de quienes -se usa sólo
para personas con pocas excepciones-
 THAT

‘That’ presenta información que es necesaria para que

el receptor entienda lo básico de lo que expresa el
emisor.

The dilutions that showed the values immediately

above and below 50% mortality were chosen to
calculate the proportional distance (PD) between…

The shrimp that died before 72 hpi had molted and

were cannibalized.
 WHICH
‘Which’ presenta información que es adicional o
explicativa. La información que sigue de ‘which’ no es
necesaria para que el receptor entienda el significado
básico del mensaje.

Si eliminamos la frase parentética/explicativa todavía

se entiende lo básico.

The erythrocyte hemolysis assay is based on the use

of the compound 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane)
dihydrochloride (AAPH), which forms peroxyl radicals
and is used as an oxidative stress inducer or promoter
of hemolysis.
 WHICH: más ejemplos

This disease is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

(Lo et al., 1999), which has a high virulence and causes great
economic losses when it infects Litopenaeus vannamei
(Boone) and Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), which are the
two species currently supporting the global shrimp
aquaculture industry.

These genotypes had a cytosine inserted between sites 12–

18 of the eleventh RU where typically there are five cytosines
(αII*, Tables 4 and 5), which is a new characteristic not
reported previously.
 WHICH avanzado

También se puede usar ‘of which’, ‘through which’, ‘in which’,

‘into which’, ‘to which’, ‘under which’ etc.

Moreover, there is evidence of the existence of a putative

antiviral defense in shrimp (Johnson et al., 2008), in which a
strain of low virulence or a very low viral load can enable a
host-virus interaction.

VNTR sequences of ORF75 of the four phenotypic strains

had 100% identity and 15 RUs, 11 of which were of 45 bp and
4 of which were of 102 bp.
 THAT Avanzado= pronoun + that
The surviving shrimp and all those that died in the
bioassay tested positive for WSSV by PCR, including the
shrimp that had been infected with the Mx-G strain and
died before 72 h.

The Mx-F strain and the Mx-C strain showed more genetic
differences than those that were observed between the
Mx-G and Mx-H strains...

During the early Eocene, conditions were more humid

than those that exist today in the botanically diverse
Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley (TCV), in south-central Mexico.
 LA PUNCTUACIÓN EN INGLÉS

Punto y coma
Separa dos oraciones completas (sujeto/verbo) y la
letra que le sigue va en minúscula.

We use “the” in order to indicate a specific noun; that

is why it is called definite.
OR
We use “the” in order to indicate a specific noun.
That is why it is called definite.
 LA PUNCTUACIÓN EN INGLÉS
Original:
After the recovery period, the hemoglobin levels of all
experimental groups recovered to levels similar to
control values, however, the highest level was reached
with the BLSD group, that increased hemoglobin levels
to 18% over the control group.

Corregido:
After the recovery period, the hemoglobin levels of all
experimental groups recovered to levels similar to
control values; however, the highest level was reached
with the BLSD group, which increased hemoglobin
levels by 18% compared to the control group.
PUNTO Y COMA II
Previous work demonstrated a differential protein expression
of P2X6 and P2X4 receptors between newborn and adult
rats, however it is not known at what age this transition
occurs and whether these receptor subtypes

Hay dos soluciones:

1. sustituir however por but
2. usar un punto y coma antes de however y una coma
después

Palabras que se usan de manera similar con el punto y coma:

also, consequently, conversely, finally, furthermore, hence,
however, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless,
otherwise, similarly, subsequently, therefore, thus.
THUS VS. THEREFORE
Pueden ser sinónimos pero también pueden ser
diferentes. Therefore siempre significa ‘por lo tanto’ pero
thus, aparte de ‘por lo tanto’ puede ser ‘de esta manera’ o
‘así’. Es decir que thus puede ser menos fuerte que
therefore.

Our results suggest that the LPS binding properties of

peptide X may be determined by electrostatic interactions
at the lipid surface, and considering that peptide X covers
the last 18 residues of the CETPI C-terminus, residues A,
B, and C may be critical to this interaction. Therefore, the
binding of peptide X to LPS may be related to the potential
neutralization of negative electrostatic charges of
phosphate groups located in lipid A.
THUS VS. THEREFORE
Although tests are more likely to be preserved when they are
attached to seagrasses, once the foraminifera dies and is deposited
and buried into the sediments near the Thalassia roots, they can be
promptly affected by biodegradation. Therefore, the well-preserved
tests found in the beach sands might be associated with...

SDF-1 is the natural ligand of CXCR4, which is expressed on the

surface of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Thus,
increased concentrations of SDF-1 during kidney or heart injury are
capable of directing CXCR4-expressing cells to the damaged site.

The matrix was converted into a vector by placing the n-th row
immediately after its predecessor. Thus, instead of a 10 × 10 matrix,
a vector was generated with 100 places containing values of 0 and
1.
LOS PUNTOS CARDINALES: uso de mayúsculas
Si los puntos indican dirección/ubicación general, no se usa
mayúscula, y si forman una parte de un nombre propio sí se usa.

Correcto:
The cold front is coming from the north.
The south site collected the greatest amount of data.
central Mexico, South Africa, North Korea, Northwestern University.

During the Civil War, the Yankees burned many cities in the South.
(así se llama la región).
We drove south for 20 miles before we found a gas station.

...located at the sides of the road in the western part of the site.
INGLÉS AMERICANO VS. BRITÁNICO
En general la puntuación en el inglés británico se
parece a la del español, mientras que el inglés
americano presenta diferencias.

En el británico, el punto, la coma y otra puntuación van

después de las comillas y de las llamadas de nota igual
que en español.

G. Ramírez1, J. Núñez2, G.N. Hernández1, G. Hernández-Cruz1 and

E. Ramos1
(Estilo británico)

G. Ramírez,1 J. Núñez,2 G.N. Hernández,1 G. Hernández-Cruz,1 and

E. Ramos1
(Estilo americano)
INGLÉS AMERICANO VS BRITÁNICO: LAS COMILLAS

-sencillas primero (UK)/dobles primero (US)

Americano: “Economic systems,” according to

Professor White, “are an inevitable byproduct of
civilization, and are, as John Doe said, ‘with us
whether we want them or not.’”

Británico: ‘Economic systems’, according to

Professor White, ‘are an inevitable byproduct of
civilisation, and are, as John Doe said, “with us
whether we want them or not”’.
AMERICANO VS BRITÁNICO: LA COMA DE OXFORD

Degradation of foraminiferal tests is defined as a

mechanism that controls the preservation of the
calcareous tests, and it is primarily influenced by
processes such as dissolution, abrasion, and
breakage.

This may be the reason why exogenous Epo does

not stimulate EpoR-mediated signaling, proliferation,
invasiveness, or resistance to cytotoxic drugs in
A2780 cells.
AMERICANO VS BRITÁNICO: LA COMA DE OXFORD

I’d like to thank my parents, Pope Francis and

Jesus.

Hay veces en que, independientemente de la

variante del inglés que se emplee, es necesario
usar la coma de Oxford, ya que si no se usa, se
puede interpretar la frase de manera incorrecta.
IN G LÉ S AM ER I CA NO VS BR I TÁNI CO : LA C OM A DE OX F O RD
INGLÉS AMERICANO VS BRITÁNICO: ORTOGRAFÍA
INGLÉS AMERICANO VS BRITÁNICO: ORTOGRAFÍA
 I NG LÉ S A ME R ICANO V S B R ITÁN IC O: TÍ TU LO S Y E NC AB EZ A DOS
Británico: los títulos y los encabezados se ponen en minúsculas como en español, menos la primera
letra. Americano tiende a usar mayúsculas. NUNCA CON PUNTO.
(Los formatos de los títulos y subtítulos/encabezados tienen que coincidir)

XXXXectomy as a new surgical approach to XXXX due to XXXX sclerosis: a randomized comparative
clinical trial.
 
Corresponding author:
Submission Statements:

Introduction
 
Material and Methods
Preoperative workup.
Type of surgery
Postoperative follow-up.
 
Results
Outcome and Follow-up
 
Discussion.
Conclusions
References.
INGLÉS AMERICANO VS BRITÁNICO: VARIOS

Formatos de fecha
March 13, 2017 (US) 13 March 2017 (UK)

Contracciones (Dr/Ms/Mrs/Mr/Ltd): sin punto en el británico

pero los truncamientos llevan punto: (Co., Art., Chap.).

En inglés americano los dos llevan punto.

ADJETIVOS EN PLURAL

Los adjetivos en inglés casi nunca van en plural en el

sentido de que nunca llevan una "-s" final (aunque, por
supuesto, su significado puede ser plural).

proteins expression (expression of proteins)

slides preparation (preparation of slides)
for comparisons purposes (purposes of comparison)
beach sands environments
receptors sensitivity
P2 receptors subtypes
nutrients absorption
others purinergic subunits
TO VS. IN ORDER TO

Las dos palabras pueden traducirse como para, pero

“to” también se usa de varias maneras distintas.
p. ej.: I went to the market. I like to swim. He gave
the sweater to me.

Cuando queremos hacer claro que algo se hace

para un determinado fin, es importante usar in order
to para evitar la ambigüedad. Esto se vuelve aún
más necesario en oraciones largas y complejas. In
order to hace que sea más fácil de entender para el
lector porque tiene un solo significado.
TO VS. IN ORDER TO

Secondary sources of information such as

SAGARPA-SIAP (2013) were used to analyze pecan
production in Mexico.
Used to = solía
 
Subtemporal approaches have been proposed to
avoid the optic radiation, as they do not involve the
floor of the temporal horn, but they do risk damage
to the vein of Labbe caused by retraction.
¿Se ha propuesto que evitan, o se han propuesto
para evitar?
TO VS. IN ORDER TO: ORACIONES LARGAS

We can conclude that the low resistivity anomalies

are very probably related to soil contaminated by
hydrocarbons in the biodegradation process (mature
pollution), but in some cases, ra<10 Ohm.m only
corresponded to high clay content, so chemical
analyses of the soil samples were needed in order to
verify the cause of the low resistivity anomalies.

 
Regla general: en caso de duda, usar in order to
LIKE VS. SUCH AS

Error 1: traducir “como” con “as” solamente (sin

such), antes de una lista de ejemplos.

Hypertrophic adipocytes release increasing amounts

of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines as TNF- and IL-
6.

The increased flux of FFAs to other tissues as liver,

pancreas and muscle tissue results in lipid
accumulation.
LIKE VS. SUCH AS

Error 2: El uso de like cuando se debió usar such as antes de

una lista de ejemplos:

Studying paleo-environments using microfossils like such as

foraminifera offers many advantages since these tests are
more resistant and preserve longer than soft structures.
 
The incorporation of P by filtering organisms like such as
bivalves was previously related to the ingestion of
phytoplankton.

(en general hay que evitar like. Siempre se puede decir

similar to)
AS

Se utiliza as cuando se quiere decir que algo o

alguien es algo o que es así. Tiene sentido de
“igual” o “lo mismo”, por ejemplo:

The peninsula has been characterized like as a low-

lying coastal area.

The large benthic foraminifera Archaias angulatus

has been described like as eurytopic in previous
studies; i.e., it lives in a wide range of shallow
habitats.
LIKE

Se utiliza like para los símiles, cuando se quiere decir que una
cosa o persona es parecida a otra cosa o persona.

Like proteins, nucleic acids are macromolecules that are built

from small molecule monomers.

From 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., AME under both synoptic systems
was no longer similar to UIZ and displayed characteristics that
were more like those of TEN-LPS. TEN continued to display dual
characteristics; TEN-LPS behaved like a rural site, with Ox levels
depending on . . .
 
Tg did not show a normal sampling distribution, so this result
does not clearly indicate what the tendency of this relationship
might be like in a larger sample.
LIKE II

“Like” con guión medio se puede usar como sufijo:

Toll-like receptors (receptors similar to the protein

coded by the toll gene)

Haar-like features (features similar to Haar wavelets)

16S-like rRNA genes

Adaptation to work or work-like situations

Immunoglobulin-like repeats
TIEMPOS VERBALES

Se debe usar el tiempo presente para referirse a los

resultados de investigaciones ya publicadas si se ha
aceptado una conclusión ampliamente o si no es probable
que un resultado cambie.

Abdel-Aal et al. (2004) demonstrated that decreased

resistivity in soil contaminated by degraded hydrocarbons is
mainly related to high surface conductivity in the pores of the
affected rocks. Thus, low resistivity anomalies are associated
with the existence of mature hydrocarbon contamination.
TIEMPOS VERBALES: TIEMPO PRESENTE

Previous research showed that children confuse the source of their

memories more often than adults (Lindsey et al., 1991).

The results of their study indicate that the drug is highly effective.

Johnson et al. (2002) showed that gene X is part of an operon.

 
Singer (1982) stated that sexual dimorphism in body size is
common among butterflies.

Sin embargo, usamos el pasado si los hallazgos se refieren

exclusivamente al estudio en mención.

Smith (2008) reported that adult respondents in his study

remembered 30 percent more than children.
Tiempo pasado
En inglés para referirse a lo que se hizo en nuestro estudio
se usa el tiempo pasado.

Resumen: This study evaluated the potential antimicrobial

properties of XXXX on two oral bacteria. In order to study
side effects, i.e. toxicity, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)
were used.

Introducción: To accomplish this, first we described the

modern environment in terms of the physical, chemical, and
biotic processes in the study area. Then, we analyzed the
degree of test preservation and classified the tests
according to the mechanisms that control their preservation
and diagenesis.
UNA SUGERENCIA GENERAL

Resumen: en pasado con una conclusión en

presente
Introducción: presente (antecedentes) y pasado
(lo que hicimos)
Métodos: pasado, voz pasiva (y activa)
Resultados: pasado
Discusión: presente y combinado
Conclusiones: combinado
1. RESUMEN: PASADO Y PRESENTE

This study evaluated the potential antimicrobial properties of a

polyguanidine (XXXX) on two oral bacteria. YYYY was used
as a control. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) were grown in BHI
media. Bacterial sensitivity and antimicrobial activity were
determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
and Kirby-Bauer methods...

The antimicrobial activity of XXXX and ZZZZ was similar

when tested on two common bacteria. XXXX was significantly
less toxic to DPSCs. XXXX toxicity depended on time and not
on concentration. With regard to clinical relevance, XXXX
may have potential as a novel antimicrobial agent. Further
studies are in progress.
2. INTRODUCCIÓN: PRESENTE Y PASADO

Presente (antecedentes): Cnidaria is a phylum containing

over 11,000 species of aquatic organisms with radial
symmetry; the vast majority occurs in marine systems. At
the present time, a well-accepted taxonomic classification
of this phylum defines two groups.

Pasado (lo que hicimos) To accomplish this, first we

described the modern environment in terms of the physical,
chemical, and biotic processes in the study area. Then, we
analyzed the degree of test preservation and classified the
tests according to the mechanisms that control their
preservation and diagenesis.

The aim of this work is was

3. MÉTODOS: PASADO, VOZ PASIVA

La voz pasiva se construye son to be + el participio pasado

y su uso es muy similar en español. El objeto de una oración en voz
activa se vuelve el sujeto de la oración en voz pasiva.

Prof. Taylor wrote the book.

The book was written by Prof. Taylor.

La voz pasiva se usa para cambiar el enfoque, del investigador que hizo
algo, a lo que se hizo, principalmente en la sección de métodos.

Participants were recruited at the San José Hospital in Queretaro.

With regard to pollen loads, 5 g of each sample was first diluted in distilled
water, homogenised and then acetolysed.
No significant differences were observed between. . .
It has been suggested that . . .
¿DEBEMOS SIEMPRE USAR LA VOZ PASIVA?

“After all, human agents are responsible for designing experiments, and they are present in the
laboratory; writing awkward phrases to avoid admitting their responsibility and their presence is
an odd way of being objective.”
—Jane J. Robinson, Science 7 June 1957: 1160.

The Journal of Neuroscience: “Overuse of the passive voice is a common problem in writing.
Although the passive has its place—for example, in the Methods section—in many instances it
makes the manuscript dull by failing to identify the author's role in the research....Use direct,
active-voice sentences.

Behavioral Ecology: “The first-person active voice is preferable to the impersonal passive
voice.”

British Medical Journal: “Please write in a clear, direct, and active style....Write in the active
[voice] and use the first person where necessary.”

The Journal of Trauma and Dissociation: “Use the active voice whenever possible: We will ask
authors that rely heavily on use of the passive voice to re-write manuscripts in the active voice.”
¿C ÓM O S AB E MOS CU ÁN DO U S AR L A VOZ PASI VA Y C UÁ ND O NO ?

La clave es utilizar las dos voces de manera atinada y

equilibrada; se prefiere la voz pasiva cuando la identidad del
actor no se conoce, no es relevante o es obvia.

It has also been suggested that the normal entorhinal cortex

acts as an inhibitory gate between the neocortex and the
hippocampus.

The honey bees were kept in a humidified chamber at room

temperature overnight.

Carbohydrates are produced by green plants in the presence

of light.
4. DISCUSIÓN: PRESENTE Y COMBINADO

Se usa el tiempo presente para explicar el significado y la importancia de los

resultados:

Removal of vegetation for agricultural purposes appears to negatively affect the

water quality of streams.

En la discusión es común el uso combinado del tiempo pasado y el tiempo

presente: primero el tiempo pasado para resumir los resultados, y luego el
tiempo presente para interpretarlos:

As the maxima and minima did not correspond to high and low tides, the
patterns observed may not be the result of mixing of waters with different
concentrations.

Leaf carbon and phenolic content did not differ across sites, indicating that the
response of secondary plant chemicals such as phenolics to water is complex.
CONCLUSIONES: UNA COMBINACIÓN DE TIEMPOS

Se usa una variedad de tiempos para hablar de estudios ya

hechos y para indicar posibles líneas de investigación en el
futuro. En esta sección final del manuscrito resumimos los
resultados principales y las implicaciones mayores de la
investigación; mencionamos las limitaciones y ofrecemos
sugerencias para estudios ulteriores. Para hacer esto se
puede usar una combinación de tiempos:

Although the study found evidence of tillage and irrigation

within the study area, from the data collected it was not
possible to determine if the effects of agriculture upstream
cause higher levels of total nitrogen downstream. Further
studies are therefore necessary to determine the effects of
agriculture on the health of the East River.
CONCLUSIONES: UNA COMBINACIÓN DE TIEMPOS

The use of the tethered balloon allowed us to assess

the advective contribution of O3 from upper layers of
the lower troposphere in the regional analysis of
ozone concentrations. The use of correlations of Ox,
O3, and NO2 against NOx allowed us to analyze the
photochemical age of the parcels observed and the
peri-urban and rural characteristics of the monitoring
sites. These results taken together with air quality
models will allow for the assessment of emissions
inventories in central Mexico. Finally, these findings
evidence the need for national and regional public
policies for the management of air quality in central
Mexico.
REDACCIÓN AVANZADA II: SINÓNIMOS

Variar el lenguaje con sinónimos (clic derecho)

shows, displays, exhibits, demonstrates

causes, results in, leads to, produces
in addition to, along with, and, as well as, together with
furthermore, in addition, moreover
however, nevertheless, but, although
such as, including
as for, with regard to, with respect to
likewise, similarly, equally
favor, promote, stimulate
observed, detected, shown, recorded
finally, lastly
VARIACIÓN DE SINÓNIMOS

In the PHC group, one patient had venous thrombosis of the

arm, which resolved without complications; in the ATL group, two
patients developed mastoiditis, one suffered a transient
oculomotor nerve palsy, and another presented with an internal
CSF fistula; in the SAH group, one patient developed acute
transient hypoacusia.

The parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) comprises several cortical

regions grouped together on the basis of their unique laminar
organization and connectivity (Scharfman et al., 2000). In its
anterior portion, the parahippocampal region includes the
entorhinal cortex (EC) and the perirhinal cortex (PC); its
posterior portion is composed of the anterior end of the calcarine
sulcus into the isthmus of the cingulate gyrus superiorly and the
lingual gyrus inferiorly (Kucukyuruk et al., 2012).
REG I ST RO F O RM AL

1. Sin contracciones
(didn’t = did not)
(couldn’t = could not – were not able to)

2. evitar etc.

3. clic derecho para sinónimos

4. Uso de palabras de registro adecuado:

Started comparing/began to compare

So, / Thus,
A big part/a significant portion
Think/believe . . .
REDACCIÓN AVANZADA III: REGISTRO
maybe/possibly cause/result in
place/location a week/per week
never/not once did
people/persons, individuals
about/regarding
last/final
mostly/principally, primarily
way/manner beforehand/in advance
about/approximately mix/combination
needed/required probably/most likely
are called/are referred to as even though/although, despite the fact that
because of/due to big/large
enough/sufficient
besides/in addition to
try/attempt
about/regarding
happen/occur
can/be able to best/optimal
years old/years of age chose/opted for, selected
sometimes/occasionally noticed/noted, detected, identified
started appearing/started to appear a long time/many years
before/previously and/as well as, in addition to
nowadays/at the present time, today
needs/requires
since/as
has to be/must be
ERRORES COMUNES

Por otro lado ≠ on the other hand.

 
Muchas veces he visto que se utiliza “por otro lado” en español nada
más para iniciar con una nueva idea, sin que se especifique un “primer
lado” directamente o concretamente. En inglés, on the other hand no
se usa para iniciar con una nueva idea o concepto y casi siempre se
refiere primero a “on the one hand”.
 
Ejemplo 1: no hay contraste directo entre dos lados/hands/conceptos.

The hemolytic potency of the extract was significantly reduced after

incubation at 60 °C and was destroyed at 100 °C. On the other hand,
when the hemolytic activity of the extract was assayed by using
different temperatures of incubation with rat erythrocytes for 30 min, no
significant differences were observed at temperatures over 28 °C
(Table 4).

Soluciones: “and”, “further”

POR OTRO LADO ≠ ON THE OTHER HAND

Si solamente se está iniciando con un concepto nuevo, es mejor utilizar

“In addition, furthermore, moreover, additionally, further”, o simplemente
empezar en seco con la idea.
 

This alteration has been associated with over-regulation of the

local renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which promotes systemic and
glomerular hypertension through hemodynamic injuries to the vascular
endothelium and glomerulus, as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis and
inflammation.
On the other hand, an increased release of free fatty acids (FFAs)
from abdominal adipocytes in obesity has been associated with
hypertensive nephropathy.

Regla general: evitar el uso de on the other hand. Suena informal si no

se usa correctamente.
ERRORES COMUNES: THAT/THOSE OF THE

These cells showed a morphological appearance similar to

[that of] the positive control.

The adjusted and unadjusted mean changes for the X1 and

X2 groups were significantly greater than [those of] the Y
group.

Liver and heart weights were similar to [those of the] control

animals.

It is evident that the number of plant families from the middle

Miocene Tehuacán Formation increased compared to [that of]
the Eocene Mequitongo Formation.
ERRORES COMUNES

1. El plural de acrónimos
El plural de los acrónimos en inglés se hace añadiendo una
“s” minúscula (sin apóstrofe):

“The repeat units (RUs) of these VNTRs include

characteristic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that
can be used to assign identification patterns.”

2. El verbo debe corresponder al número del sujeto

Currently, diffusion tensor imaging tractography and
intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging is [are] used to
prevent visual damage in ATL and SAH (Daga et al., 2012;
Taoka et al., 2008).
ERRORES COMUNES: COMAS SOBRANTES
 
Hematological biomarkers were determined for both, the
depletion and the recovery periods (Fig. 1).

Tables 2 and 3, show seizure control, visual field, and

verbal and visual memory scores at 1 and 5 years of follow-
up based on the Engel scale in each group.

This was a non-blinded, randomized, comparative clinical

trial that included adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with
XXXX who underwent XXXX at the National Institute of
Neurology and Neurosurgery, a tertiary-care neurological
center, located in Mexico City, Mexico.

Omisión: “which” y “that” en la última frase.

ERRORES COMUNES: LESS Y FEWER

Less y fewer: para sustantivos incontables y

contables respectivamente

The resection of the PHG may prevent epileptic seizures with fewer
post-operative complications.

Chickpea tempeh showed better antihypertensive potential since it

requires less inhibitor peptide in order to inhibit 50% of the ACE-I
activity.

With regard to ripening time, it is known that the later a variety ripens,
the more postharvest accumulation and the less postharvest
degradation of ascorbic acid there will be.

Coumaric acid, quercetin, luteolin, and naringenin were detected only in

some drought treatments; however, in these infusions fewer amino
acids and unsaturated fatty acids were identified.
ERRORES COMUNES: FALSOS COGNADOS

adecuado = adequate suitable, appropriate, proper

sensibilidad = sensibility sensitivity
important levels=significant/substantial levels
body weight was registered=recorded
incrementar=increment/increase
decremento=decrement decrease
actualmente = currently actually
único = unique single (a veces “unique” está bien)
aspecto = aspect appearance
presentar = present display, exhibit, show
grado = grade degree
provocar = provoke produce, cause, result in, lead to
 ERRORES COMUNES: PREPOSICIONES
associated to with, related with to according to
Correlated with (not to) in accordance with
Compared to (not with) consistent with
studies have focused on, not in in agreement with
effect on in duration
dependent on, independent(ly) of with regard to
attributed to normalized to/for
associated with/linked to compared to (compared with is ok)
described as consist of
leading to/resulting in comprise (w/ nothing)
due to involved in
development of result from/in
toxicity to based on
changes in ranged from
under (not in) conditions available to
increase in impairment of
ERRORES COMUNES: NON-
NON
a non-significant increase [original no significant]
non-blinded [original no blinded]
non-adipose tissues [original no-adipose]
It has been proposed that AChE produces non-cholinergic
functions [original not-cholinergic]
non-anemic animals [original no- anemic]

Cada término en general usa una forma u otra pero en

general veo más ejemplos con el guion medio; lo siguiente
es una lista de ejemplos que no usan el guion:

nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

nonaggressive tarantula
nonenzymatic antioxidants
nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
ERRORES COMUNES: REDUCED, DECREASED, INCREASED

Decreased by = se redujo en
100 decreased by 20 is 80.

Decreased to= se redujo a

100 decreased to 20 is 20.

Lo mismo para increased by/to

Histopathological analysis showed that LF decreased

the incidence of early stages tumors in a 53%.

2 errores
LA REVISIÓN FINAL

(Las revistas son como un maestro que evalúa)

- leer de nuevo
- Corrector de ortografía
- Espacios dobles
- Interlineado, fuente y márgenes
- Errores en las referencias (APA)
- comas a puntos
- gráficas
PUNTOS FINOS FINALES

50%
30 °C (Alt+0160)

et al.
ad libitum
in vitro/vivo
post hoc
i.e.
e.g.

statistical significant difference ERROR

statistical significance CORRECTO
significant different ERROR
Muchas gracias
Patrick Weill

pbw@weillandassociates.com