Que es el OACI?

Que es el OACI?

 Agencia especializada de la ONU para

la aviacion civil
 La Convencion de Chicago de 1944

 190 Estados Contratados

 Civil Aviation Authority = State

AIG, page 2
 Convention on
International Civil Aviation
 La Convencion de Chicago y los 18
Anexos son considerados LEY
internacional (tratado firmado)
 Multilateral agreements que son
esenciales para la regulacion de la
aviacion (servicios de air traffic
control, diseño de aeropuerto, diseño
de ayudas a la navegacion,
comunicacion, diseño de aeronaves,
certificacion de personal)
AIG, page 3
 Annexos (18)

 Proveen los Estandares y las

Practicas Recomendadas
 Los Estados implementan los
Estandares en sus leyes nacionales
de cada pais.
 Los Anexos de OACI establecen los
requerimientos minimos.

AIG, page 4
 OACI

 Asamblea del OACI (cada 3 años)

 Consejo (38 Estados)

 Air Navigation Commission (15

miembros)
 Secretariat

AIG, page 5
 ICAO Secretariat
 Secretary General

 Buro Administrativo
 Buro Legal

 Buro de Transporte Aereo

 Buro de Cooperacion Tecnical Co-

 Buro de Navegacion Aerea

AIG, page 6
 Regulaciones - Anexo 13

 Standares Internacionales y Practicas

Recomendadas – SARPS… (regulations?)

 El principal objetivo es la “prevencion de

accidentes”
 No para culpabilidad o liability

 Estos son los derechos y las obligaciones

de los Estados
AIG, page 7
 Annex 13

Estados normalmente involucrados en

una investigacion:
 Estado del accidente
 Estado de Registro de la aeronave
 Estado del Operator (explotador)
 Estado de Diseño
 Estado del constructor de la aeronave
 Estado de los pasajeros que fallecieron

AIG, page 8
 Guidance material

 Manual of Aircraft Accident and Incident

Investigation, (Doc 9756) Part I - Organization
and Planning, Part IV – Reporting

 Manual de Prevencion de Accidentes (Doc

9422)

 Manual de Reportes de Accidentes/Incidentes

(ADREP) (Doc 9156)

 Manual de Entrenamiento de Factores

AIG, page 9
Humanos (Doc 9683)
 Responsabilidades de los Estados

 Implementar el Anexo 13
 Proveer sus diferencias
 Realizar investigaciones detalladas y completas
 o delegar
 Preparar reportes SADREP a OACI (aeronaved de
mas de 2,250 kg)
 Preparar Reporte Final a OACI (aeronaves de mas
de 5,700 kg)

AIG, page 10
 Anexo 13
Contenido

AIG, page 11
 Anexo 13
(10th Edition - Noviembre 2006)
Chapter 1 - Definiciones
Chapter 2 - Applicability
Chapter 3 - General
Chapter 4 - Notificacion
Chapter 5 - Investigacion
Chapter 6 - Reporte Final
Chapter 7 - Reportes de ADREP
Chapter 8 - Medidas de Prevencion de Accidentes
Appendix - Formato del Reporte Final
Attachments A – E
Supplement – Diferencias de los Estados

AIG, page 12
 Capitulo 1. - Definiciones

Sumamente importante saber desde un

principio estos datos......

Cual es la definicion de un ACCIDENTE?

Quie n es el Representante Acreditado?

Quien es el advisor?
Quien es el Investigador a Cargo (IIC) ?

AIG, page 13
 INVESTIGADOR-A-CARGO
 Responsible to organize, conduct
(manage) and, he/she…

 CONTROLA LA INVESTIG ACION

 El representante acreditado reporta al IIC

(act in a support role) ?depends?

 Advisors—apoya y es parte del equipo del

Representante Acreditado.
AIG, page 14
 EL INVESTIGADOR-A-CARGO
PERFECTO

AIG, page 15
 EL REPRESENTE ACREDITADO

 Representante del gobierno the los

Estados del operador, registro,
constructor, diseño, etc.

 Serves as the essential link entre

todos los Estados que participan en
la investigacion.

 …there is more….
AIG, page 16
 EL REPRESENTANTE
ACREDITADO

 Recibe toda la informacion requerida por

el IIC de su Estado para el uso de la
investigacion.
 Pasa la informacion recibida del
Investigador a Cargo (IIC) a sus
respectivos gobiernos.
 Supervisa las actividades y funciones de
los advisors que trabajan para el o ella.

AIG, page 17
 ADVISORS

AIG, page 18
 ADVISOR(s)

 Participan en la investigacion bajo la

supervision del Representante
Accreditado de cada Estado.
 Provee su experiencia technica y
recursos para hacer al equipo del
Representante Acreditado mas efectivo.

AIG, page 19
 Capitulo 2. - Applicability

2.1 Unless otherwise stated, the

specifications in this Annex apply to
activities following accidents and incidents
wherever they occurred.

AIG, page 20
 Capitulo 3. - General

El Objetivo de la Investigacion:

3.1 El unico objetivo de la investigacion de

un accidente o incidente es solamente la
prevencion de accidentes y accidentes.

No es el proposito de esta actividad

encontrar culpables o falla judicial.(liability).

AIG, page 21
 Capitulo 3. - General

Proteccion de las evidencias,

custodia, y rescate de los restos de
la aeronave.
 Es la responsabilidad del Estado del
Accidente (Occurrence )(3.2)
 request from State of Registry, State
of the Operator, State of Design or
State of Manufacture (3.3)
 release from custody (3.4)
AIG, page 22
 Chapter 4. - Notification
Accidents in the territory of a Contracting State to
aircraft of another Contracting State
 responsibility of the State of Occurrence

 to notify (4.1 to 4.4)

 responsibility of the State of Registry, the State of
the Operator, the State of Design and the State of
Manufacture
 information and participation (4.5 and 4.6)

 details of dangerous goods (4.7)

AIG, page 23
 Capitulo 4. - Notification

Accidents in the territory of the State of Registry, in a

non-Contracting State or outside the territory of
any State
 responsibility of the State of Registry
 to notify (4.8)
 responsibility of the State of the Operator, the
State of Design and the State of Manufacture
 information and participation (4.9 and 4.10)
 details of dangerous goods (4.11)

AIG, page 24
AIG, page 25
 Capitulo 5. - Investigacion
Responsibility for instituting and conducting
the investigation:
 State of Occurrence (5.1)

 State of Registry (5.2 and 5.3), if the accident

is in the territory of a non-Contracting State
or outside the territory of any State

 may delegate the investigation to another

State (5.1.1, 5.3, 5.3.2)

AIG, page 26
 Capitulo 5. - Investigacion

Responsabilidades del Estado que conduce

la investigacion del accidente:
 Tener independencia para conducir la
investigacion. (5.4)
 any judicial proceedings to apportion
blame or liability should be separate (5.4.1)
 unhampered access to the wreckage (5.6)

 effective use of flight recorders (5.7 and

5.8)
AIG, page 27
 Capitulo 5. - Investigacion

 Autopsias (5.9)
 Examenes Medicos (5.9.1)

 Coordinacion con autoridades

juridicas (5.10) y autoridades de
seguridad aerea (5.11)

AIG, page 28
 Capitulo 5. - Investigacion

Non-disclosure of records (5.12)

...U.S. Differences filed…
 all statements taken
 all COM

 medical or private info

 CVR recordings and transcripts

 append only when pertinent to the

analysis (5.12.1)

AIG, page 29
 Capitulo 5. - Investigacion

Responsabilidad del Estado de Registro y

el Estado del Operador
 Proveer records y ffiles de las grabadoras de
vuelo (5.16)
 Informacion de como la compania esta
organizada (5.17)
 Informacion de las bitacoras de la aeronave y
los records de su mantenimiento.
 Informacion de la tripulacion de vuelo.
AIG, page 30
 Chapter 5. - Investigation
Participation by the State of Registry, the State
of the Operator, the State of Design and the
State of Manufacture
 entitled to appoint an accredited
representative (5.18) and advisers to him (5.24)
 one or more advisers proposed by the
operator (5.19)
 one or more advisers proposed by the
manufacturer (5.20)
AIG, page 31
 Capitulo 5. - Investigacion

Obligations – toward other states

 shall appoint an accredited representative

when requested by the State conducting
the investigation (5.22)
 also from States that provided support,
SAR, facilities, experts, etc.(5.23)

AIG, page 32
 Capitulo 5. - Investigation

Derechos del Representante Acreditado (5.25)

 examine the wreckage
 obtain witness information
 access to all evidence and copies of
documentation
 participate in readouts (CVR, FDR, ATC)
 participate in tests and simulations
 participate in investigation progress meetings
(…U.S. Difference filed…) for Board determination of probable cause
 make submissions

AIG, page 33
 Chapter 5. - Investigation

Obligations of Accredited Representatives

(5.26)
 provide all information available

 shall not divulge information on the

progress and findings of the
investigation to others or news media,
without consent of the State conducting
the investigation ...U.S. Difference filed…(FOIA)
AIG, page 34
 Capitulo 5. - Investigacion

Participation of States having suffered

fatalities or serious injuries to its
citizens (5.27)
 visit the accident site and access to
factual information
 participate in the identification of the
victims
 receive a copy of the Final Report
AIG, page 35
 Capitulo 6. – Reporte Final

 use format in the APP-1 to Annex 13 (6.1)

 consultation with the States involved (6.3)
to incorporate or append comments
 consultation with the operator and the
manufacturer (6.3.1 and 6.3.2)
 recipient – send to participating States (6.4)

 shall release the Final Report ASAP (6.5)

 If possible within 12 months or issue

AIG, page 36
interim report(s) (6.6)
 Capitulo 6. – Reporte Final

Responsabilidad de cada Estado

6.2 States shall not circulate, publish or give

access to a draft report or any part thereof,
or any documents obtained .... without the
express consent of the State which
conducted the investigation, unless ....
already published or released by that latter
State. ...U.S. Difference filed…FOIA exemption-2 years max…

AIG, page 37
 Capitulo 6. – Reporte Final

 Final Report to ICAO for accidents to

aircraft over 5 700 kg (6.7)
 Recomendaciones de Seguridad

 Durante cualquier fase de la

investigacion (6.8)
 ICAO documents involved (6.9)
 response by receiving State(s)
(6.10)
AIG, page 38
 Capitulo 7. Reporte ADREP

Reporte Preliminar ADREP

 accidents to aircraft over 2 250 kg (7.1)

ADREP Data Report

 accidents to aircraft over 2 250 kg (7.5)

 investigated incidents to aircraft over

5 700 kg (7.7)

AIG, page 39
 Capitulo 8. – Medidas de
Prevencion de Accidentes

Sistema de reporte de incidentes

 mandatory incident reporting system (8.1)

 voluntary incident reporting system (8.2)
 non-punitive (8.3)
 accident and incident database system (8.4
and 8.5)

AIG, page 40
 Capitulo 8. – Medidas de
Prevencion de Accidentes

Analysis of data - Preventive

actions
 analysis of information (8.6 to 8.8)
 exchange of safety information (8.9)

AIG, page 41
 Importancia del Anexo 13

 Se usa para clarificar los derechos y

obligaciones de los Estados
involucrados.
 Hay que aprender los detalles del
Anexo 13 y entender nuestros
derechos y obligaciones.
 Es esencial que exista una ooperacion
completa entre los Estados
involucrados durante accidentes
majores.
AIG, page 42
 Tipico equipo de una
investigacion

AIG, page 43
 NTSB International Aviation Safety
Program Elements

• Aircraft Accident/Incident Investigations

• Annex 13 is only a part – there are many
more supporting activities including:

• Research and Engineering Assistance

• Safety Training, Advocacy and Outreach

• Family Assistance During Disasters

AIG, page 44
AIG, page 45
 Differences in Laws

 Judicial inquiries
 CVR participation and content release

 Role of magistrate, prefecture, local

authority prosecutors
 Witness interviews

 Field notes

 Progress meetings

AIG, page 46
 Differences in Procedures

 Information may not necessarily be shared

among all participants
 Groups may not necessarily have leaders
 Parties may not necessarily be overseen
 IICs may not go through accredited
representatives to interact directly with
advisors
 Some participants may conduct their own
“mini” investigation of a focus area

AIG, page 47
 Differences in Media

 Overseas media may be more intent,

“pushier” than domestic media

 Media may be wildly speculative and various

participants may want direct press response

 There should be no reason for an Acc Rep

team to deal with media, even with the
approval of the IIC

 PA should be handled by the State in

charge!
AIG, page 48
 REPORTE FINAL
NTSB ISSUED

AIG, page 49
 REPORTE FINAL BEA Dissenting Report

AIG, page 50