Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
ARTERIAL
DEFINICIÓN
ENFERMEDAD
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL
FISOPATOLOGÍA
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edición Capitulo 241.
FISIOPATOLOGÍA
PERFUSIÓN Hígado
Riñón
RENAL Células
endoteliales
Angiotensinógeno
RENINA
PRESIÓN ANGIOTENSINA
Pulmón ECA
ARTERIAL
Angiotensina II
PRESIÓN Receptores AT
ARTERIAL
Músculo liso Capa glomerular
vascular GLÁNDULA SUPRARRENAL
Resistencia
vascular VASOCONSTRICCIÓN ALDOSTERONA
Volumen
H 20 Reabsorción de Na Nefrona
extracelular
Singh M, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Physiology of Hypertension Cardiol Clin 28 (2010) 545–559.
FISIOPATOLOGIA
FISIOPATOLOGIA
• Genético •Resistencia a la Insulina
• Genico
• Acortamiento Telomérico – OBESIDAD
• SNS • Ponderal
• Hipercinético – Disfuncion Alometrica
• Hiperactivo – Sincronicidad
• Renal: • Fc Gestacional
• Hidroelectrolítico – Antropometria Gestacional
• SRAA
• Vascular:
– Remodelamiento
– Disfunción Endotelial
TEORÍA MULTIFACTORIAL
• “Factores Hipertensiogénicos”: Proximate Phenotypes:
• Heredables •Sympathetic nerve activity
• Comportamentales •Renin angiotensin aldosterone
• Ambientales •Renin - kallikrein - kinin systems
•Endothelial factors
Complex phenotypes
•Total vascular resistance
•Cardiac output
Clinical Manifestations
•Hypertension
GENÉTICA
• SNPs en genes como:
• Angiotensin
• Angiotensin converting enzyme
• β2 adrenergic receptor
• Adducin
• Angiotensinase C
• Renin binding proteins
• G-protein B3 subunit
• Atrial natriuretic factor
• Insulin receptor
ACORTAMIENTO TELOMÉRICO
▫ Fenómeno que acompaña al envejecimiento
Registro de la historia replicativa de las células somáticas
SNS
Mácula
Densa
VASCULAR
RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA
OBESIDAD
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the
National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report.
Circulation. 2002 Dec 17;106(25):3143-421.
OBESIDAD
• Hipotesis portal-visceral
• Síndrome de Almacenamiento de Grasa Ectópica
• Paradigma Endocrino
• Adipoquinas
• Sincronicidad
▫ Pico de máximo crecimiento precede a la elevación PA.
Mayor en genéticamente HTA
FACTOR GESTACIONAL
• Peso al nacer
▫ BPN → ↑Peso Placentario → ↑Riesgo de HTA
Exposición a esteroides inhibe el crecimiento fetal e incrementa el peso placentario
11 β -hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa placentaria (disfuncional)
HIPERTENSION - CAUSA PROXIMA Y ULTIMA
• Enfermedad moderna de la civilización
▫ Síndrome de la homeostasis genética alterada
▫ Resultado del desajuste genético sumado al ambiente moderno
• Occidentalización de la Sociedad
▫ Ingesta de Sodio y calorías
▫ Urbanización de la sociedad
• Adolescencia:
▫ Pubertad Precoz
▫ Obesidad
EPIDEMIOLOGIA
• Mayor riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares
• Disminución de la función de órganos
• Asociada a DM, IM, ICC, ECV, AIT, EVP, IRC.
CLASIFICACION
• Primaria, Esencial o Idiopática
• 85 a 90% de todos los casos de hipertensión
• Secundaria
• Causa subyacente identificable
• Frecuentemente corregible
• 10 al 15% de los sujetos hipertensos
Hipertensión Resistente o Refractaria
ESENCIAL O
90-95%
PRIMARIA
ETIOLOGÍA
SECUNDARIA 5-10%
HIPERTENSIÓN
ARTERIAL ESTABLE
SISTÉMICA
URGENCIA HIPERTENSIVA
CRISIS
HIPERTENSIVA
EMERGENCIA HIPERTENSIVA
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edición Capitulo 241.
HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL
CLASIFICACIÓN
HIPERTENSIÓN
> 150 > 90
ARTERIAL
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
CLASIFICACIÓN
Fauci AS , Kasper DL, Branwald E. Harrison Principios de Medicina Interna, 17a edición Capitulo 241.
HIPERTENSIÓN ARTERIAL
VALORACIÓN
HISTORIA
CLÍNICA
EXPLORACIÓN EXÁMENES DE
FISICA LABORATORIO
Hipertensión Sistólica Aislada
9 1 JNC 8
Recomendaciones
Algoritmo
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #1
Afroamericanos
PAS
Enfermeadd Enfermedad
cardiovascular ˂140 cerebrovascular
mmHg
Múltiples
factores de
riesgo CV
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #2
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #3
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #4
INICIO
1
PAS ≥ 140 mmHg
18 a 70 años de
E edad con CrCl
˂ 60 mL/min/1.73m2
META
PAS ˂ 140 mmHg
INICIO
2 PAD ≥ 90 mmHg
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #4
■ -: menos de 10 mg/dL
■ +: 30 mg/dL
■ ++: 100 mg/dL
■ +++: 300 a 1.000 mg/dL
Beneficio en
Proteinuria Meta mas baja terminos
(> 3 g/ 24 horas) (<130/80 mm Hg) de los eventos
renales solamente.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #5
HAS + DM INICIO
E PAS ˂ 130 mmHg PAS ≥ 140 mmHg
META
PAS ˂ 140 mmHg
INICIO
PAD ≥ 90 mmHg
META
PAD ˂ 90 mmHg
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
MEJORÍA EN
EFECTIVIDAD
FALLA CARDIACA
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #6
Vasodilatadores directos
• Hidralazina
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #7
En la poblacion de pacientes
afroamericanos el tratamiento
antihipertensivo inicial debe incluir un
B SIN diabetes
C CON diabetes
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #7
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #8
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
RECOMENDACION #9
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
Ogedegbe G, et al. Hypertension and Hypertensive Heart Disease: Principles and Techniques of Blood Pressure Measurement Cardiol Clin 28 (2010) 545–559.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
SELECCIÓN DEL FÁRMACO
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
JNC-8
INICIO DEL FÁRMACO
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.
James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. Evidence based-guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members
appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA 2014; DOI:10.1001/jama.2013.284427.