Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
a de B
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log
Sociedad Per ua
Capítulo de
ía M
Fisiología
olecular Endocrina
Prof. CM : P. Núñez H.
Lima 2012
Funciones del Sistema Endocrino
Crecimiento y desarrollo
Control del metabolismo intermediario
Homeostasis
Reproducción
Maduración del SNC
• Introducción:
• Definir conceptos de hormonas: endocrina, neuroendocrina, paracrin,
autocrina e intrcrina
• neurotransmisores
• citokinas.
• Función:1.- -Regula la composición química y el volumen del fluido
intersticial
• 2 -Metabolismo y balance energético,
• 3.- Control del crecimiento y desarrollo
• 4.- regula el sistema reproductivo
• 5,. Ayuda a establecer el ritmo circadiano
• Clasificación: de las hormonas
• 1.- Aminas
• 2.- Péptidos y proteínas (100 aa)
• 3.- Esteroides
Amine hormone
• Derivatives of the
amino acid tyrosine
• Adrenal gland
medulla:
catecholamine
Peptide & protein hormones and synthesis
cAMP responsive
element binding
protein(CREB)
G-coupling 2nd messenger – calcium/calmodulin
G-coupling 2nd messenger – phospholipase
(PIP2)
(DAG) (IP3)
Membrane receptor action mechanism - tyrosin kinase
Steroid hormone
Intracellular receptor
Genomic effect
25
Dieta proteica Sección del tallo hipofisario
Grelina, actúa sobre GHSR
genera disminución de la
secresión de GH
VMN
6’
20’
27
Figure 47-4 Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I; also called somatomedin-C) negative feedback loops. Both GH and IGF-I feed back-either directly
or indirectly-on the somatotrophs in the anterior pituitary to decrease GH secretion. GH itself inhibits GH secretion ("short-loop"). IGF-I, whose release is stimulated by GH,
inhibits GH release by three routes, one of which is "direct" and two of which are "indirect." The direct action is for IGF-I to inhibit the somatotroph. The first indirect
28
pathway is for IGF-I to suppress GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) release in the hypothalamus. The second is for IGF-I to increase secretion of somatostatin, which in turn
inhibits the somatotroph.
CONTROL HIPOTALÁMICO (GH realeasing hormone-GHRH) Y PITUITARIO (
somatostatina) DE LA HORMONA DE CRECIMIENTO.(GH) a través de la vena
porta
Se indica los factores de crecimiento implicados y la pulsación.
Figure 47-2 Bursts in plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), sampled in the blood plasma of a 23-year-old woman every 5 minutes over a 24-hour period. Each peak in the
plasma GH concentration reflects bursts of hundreds of GH secretory pulses by the somatotrophs of the anterior pituitary. These bursts are most common during the first few
hours of sleep. The integrated amount of GH secreted each day is higher during pubertal growth than in younger children or in adults. (Data from Hartman ML, Veldhuis JD,
Vance ML, et al: Somatotropin pulse frequency and basal concentrations are increased in acromegaly and are reduced by successful therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab
70:1375, 1990.)
30
Factores estimulantes e inhibitorios de la HC
Estimulantes Inhibidores
GHRH Somatostatina
Desnutrición Obesidad
Ejercicio Envejecimiento
Hipoglicemia Hiperglicemia
Sueño Esteroides
Ghrelin Antimuscarínicos
Secretagogo de HC; produce hambre y
acumulación de grasa.
N Eng J Med 2006; 355: 2558-
73.
Hormona de crecimiento
40% de la GH secretada se une a una proteína ligadora y se forma un
complejo plasmático. Actúa sobre receptor en los tejidos, donde fosforila las
vías JAK STAT (JAK=Janus kinasa y STAT= signal traduction of activation of
transcription) y produce en el núcleo un mRNA que termina con la sintesis de
una nueva proteína.
32
Mecanismo de acción de GH
Efectos de la GH
GH: efectos agudos: anti insulínicos
GH: efectos a largo plazo: por IGF-I e IGF-II, sintetizados por vía
secretora, efecto paracrino, hipoglicemiant
34
Efectos de la GH
GH
IGF 1
37
IGF II
Figure 47-5 Structure of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). Insulin, IGF-I, and IGF-II share three domains (A, B, and C), which share a high degree of amino acid
sequence homology. The C region is cleaved from insulin (as the C peptide) during processing, but is not cleaved from either IGF-I or IGF-II. In addition, IGF-I and IGF-II
also have a short D domain.
39
Figure 47-6 Comparison of insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-II receptors. Both the insulin and IGF-I receptors are heterotetramers joined by disulfide
bonds. For both, the cytoplasmic portion of the β subunits have tyrosine kinase domains as well as autophosphorylation sites. The IGF-II receptor (also called
mannose-6-phosphate [M6P] receptor) is a single polypeptide chain with no kinase domain.
40
Comparación de la insulina con las
somatomedinas
EFECTOS DEL IGF-1
Efectos de GH e IGF1
Resumen
A CONCETRACIONES MAYORES
IGF 1 en el crecimiento
44
Acromegalia y gigantismo
Enanismo pituitario