Boletin Mayo 2007

Boletín mensual: MAYO 2007
http://www.observatorio-eurasia.blogspot.com/
UZBEKISTÁN: SIGUEN SIN REGISTRARSE AVANCES EN MATERIA DE DERECHOS

HUMANOS
En vísperas de la reunión de ministros de Asuntos Exteriores de la Unión Europea en la que se

evaluará la actual política europea sobre Uzbekistán, Amnistía Internacional declara que el
segundo aniversario de los homicidios perpetrados en la localidad uzbeca de Andiyán es un
triste recordatorio de los graves problemas que sufre este país en materia de derechos
humanos.
Fuente: www.amnesty.org/espanol
Continúa en p.9
SPY MURDER ROW POISONS RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA
Britain’s relations with Russia were at their lowest point since the Cold War after the authorities
in Moscow refused yesterday to cooperate with an extradition request for the man accused
ofmurdering Alexander Litvinenko.
Fuente: www.timesonline.co.uk
Continúa en p.3
AIMING TO REDUCE RUSSIAN ROLE IN CASPIAN, AZERBAIJAN BUILDS ECONOMIC

TIES WITH ASIA
Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev’s late-April trip to South Korea underscores how Asian states
are becoming an increasing factor in the Caspian Basin energy equation. Aliyev is intent on
exploiting the growing oil & gas needs of China, South Korea, Japan and other nations to
weaken Russia’s ability to use energy issues as a lever of geopolitical influence.
Fuente: www.eurasianet,org
Continúa en p.7
L'INSÉCURITÉ GRANDIT DANS LES PROVINCES AFGHANES DU NORD, JUSQUE-LÀ

PLUTÔT ÉPARGNÉES
La violence redouble en Afghanistan, où, une semaine après l'annonce de la mort d'un de leurs
chefs militaires, le mollah Dadullah, les talibans ont revendiqué deux attentats-suicides, qui ont
fait, samedi 19 et dimanche 20 mai, 24 morts et plus de 50 blessés.
Fuente: www.lemonde.fr
Continúa en p.10
INDICE
Política...........................p.3
Economía...........................p.7
Sociedad...........................p.9
Medios de Comunicación.........................p.11
Boletín mensual: MAYO 2007 1

observatorioeurasia@gmail.com
El Observatorio Eurasia es un proyecto que se encuadra dentro de la línea de “Historia
de la propaganda y análisis de la comunicación política” del Grupo Interdisciplinario de
Estudios en Comunicación, Política y Cambio Social (COMPOLITICAS), y tiene como
principal objetivo el estudio, investigación y difusión de los principales fenómenos
políticos, culturales y comunicacionales que tienen lugar en el antiguo espacio soviético.
Coordinador
Miguel Vázquez Liñán
Responsable del número

Carmen Llano Pérez de la Lastra

POLÍTICA - Titulares
Spy murder row poisons relations with Russia

www.timesonline.co.uk (23/05/2007)
Japan promotes multilateralism in Central Asia

www.eurasianet.org (04/05/2007)
L'Allemagne n'envisage pas un retrait d'Afghanistan,

où trois de ses soldats ont été tués samedi
www.lemonde.fr (20/05/2007)
La OTAN no piensa ampliar su presencia militar en el Asia Central

http://sp.rian.ru (23/05/2007)
SPY MURDER ROW POISONS RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA
Richard Beeston, 23/05/2007, (www.timesonline.co.uk)
Britain’s relations with Russia were at their lowest point since the Cold War after the authorities in
Moscow refused yesterday to cooperate with an extradition request for the man accused of
murdering Alexander Litvinenko.
Trade relations with Russia are expected to worsen significantly after an announcement by the Crown
Prosecution Service (CPS) that it believed there was enough evidence to charge Andrei Lugovoy with the
“deliberate poisoning” of Mr Litvinenko. Britain wants him to stand trial here before a judge and jury, but
Moscow made it clear that this was out of the question.
The stand-off comes as Russia pursues a more aggressive foreign policy and one that is increasingly
hostile to the West. Writing in The Timestoday, Tony Blair argues that Britain has to build new nuclear
power stations partly because Russia has become so unreliable as a partner. “We are now faced with
countries, like Russia, who are prepared to use their energy resources as an instrument of policy,” the
Prime Minister says.
As the CPS made its announcement Yuri Fedotov, the Russian Ambassador, was summoned to meet
Peter Ricketts, the Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office, who urged Russia to comply with the
legal request. A spokesman for the Prime Minister said: “There is no doubt at all as to the seriousness with
which we regard this case. Murder is murder.”
Mr Litvinenko, a former officer in the KGB and its successor, the FSB, was killed with a fatal dose of the
radioactive substance polonium-210 last November. The Kremlin is already angry with Britain for granting
asylum to many Russian dissidents. It could hit back against the latest move, which implies it is sheltering
a murderer connected to Russia’s security services.
“We obviously have political and economic connections with Russia and Russia is clearly playing an
important role in international affairs,” the Downing Street spokesman added. “However, that does not in
any way obviate the need for international law to be respected and we will not in any way shy away from
trying to ensure that in a case such as this.”
One immediate victim of the hostile climate could be BP’s joint venture to exploit a gas field in eastern
Siberia. The Russian authorities are expected soon to revoke BP’s licence in favour of a state-controlled
company. Similar action was taken last year against a Shell joint venture in Sakhalin.
Britain and Russia have signed the Council of Europe’s Convention on Extradition, but it has had little
effect. Britain had its one previous extradition request turned down by Moscow. Russia has had 17
extradition requests refused by Britain, including those for the oligarch Boris Berezovsky, Mr Putin’s main
critic, and Akhmed Zakayev, a Chechen separatist accused of terrorism.

In recent months President Putin has clashed with the West on a range of issues, including US plans for
an antimissile defence system and EU criticism of Moscow’s human rights record. Mr Blair and Mr Putin
are expected to discuss energy issues at a G8 summit in Germany next month.
Mr Lugovoy insisted that the murder charges were politically motivated. “I did not kill Litvinenko, have
nothing to do with his death and can prove my distrust of the so-called evidence collected by Britain’s
justice system,” he said.
Mr Lugovoy is suspected of poisoning Mr Litvinenko when the two met in London last November. Mr
Litvinenko, an outspoken critic of Mr Putin, died in agony 22 days later. On his deathbed he blamed the
Kremlin for his murder.
The British authorities said that they expected Mr Lugovoy to be arrested and extradited. “This was a very
serious crime,” Margaret Beckett, the Foreign Secretary, said. “We have ordered the Russian Ambassador
to convey that information to the Russian authorities.”
Mr Litvinenko’s widow Marina vowed to continue campaigning until her husband’s killer had been brought
to justice, and urged the ambassador to help the British authorities.
“It is important to me that my husband did not die in vain. It is also important for British people to see that
those who carried out this attack on British soil are brought to justice and to see that they are protected
from what people see as state terrorism,” she said. “I will not rest until I know that justice has been done.”
FUENTE: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1826835.ece
JAPAN PROMOTES MULTILATERALISM IN CENTRAL ASIA
Richard Weitz, 05/04/07, (http://www.eurasianet.org)
Lacking powerful foreign-policy tools of its own, Japan is promoting multilateralism as it strives to
expand its economic and political presence in Central Asia. A key element in Tokyo’s regional
strategy is close cooperation with the United States.
Japan has been diplomatically active in Central Asia of late. In 2006, former prime minister Junichiro
Koizumi visited the region’s two most influential states – Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. More recently, a
large Japanese trade delegation visited Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in late April and early May. In
Kazakhstan on May 1, Japanese officials expressed interest in boosting its imports of uranium from the
Central Asian country. "Both sides share the recognition that Japan and Kazakhstan are mutually
complimentary and strategic partners, and hope that they will develop multilayered and cooperative
relations," said a joint statement.
In Uzbekistan, the Japanese delegation, headed by Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Akira Amari,
met with top officials, including President Islam Karimov and Minister of Finance Rustam Azimov. The
most notable byproduct of the visit was an agreement signed by the state-controlled Uzbekneftegaz and a
Japanese government entity to conduct geological surveys of areas holding potential energy reserves.
Akio Kawato, a former Japanese ambassador to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, discussed Tokyo’s objectives
in Central Asia during a late April presentation, titled "Does Japan matter in Central Asia?," sponsored by
the Washington, DC,-based Central Asia Caucasus Institute of the Johns Hopkins University.
Kawato identified Japan’s key policy goal in the region as promoting the stabilization of Afghanistan, a
development that would foster economic development and democratization throughout Central Asia. As
long as the conflict in Afghanistan persisted, he maintained, Central Asians will remain worried that Islamic
militants will try to exploit political openings to foment unrest. For this reason, Kawato called for a
concerted international effort to pressure Pakistan into cutting off all forms of assistance to Islamic militants
operating in that country’s tribal areas.
Kawato spoke at length about the "Central Asia plus Japan" initiative, which presently involves annual
meetings at the foreign ministerial level and other joint activities. The ambassador portrayed the informal
organization as an "open" institution, which, in principle, welcomed participation by any interested state. He
contrasted this approach with that underlying the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which he
criticized for being a "closed" structure that aimed to neutralize Western and Japanese influence in Central
Asia.

More generally, Kawato suggested that Central Asia needed to develop a pan-continental institution, along
the lines of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Kawato suggested that an OSCE-like
framework could integrate the Central Asia plus Japan mechanism, the SCO, and the other regional
security structures into one broad grouping of states. Another potential multilateral model worthy of
emulation is ASEAN, Kawato suggested.
Although Kawato reaffirmed Japanese calls for encouraging greater democratization and respect for
human rights in Central Asia, he acknowledged that "unfortunately you have to make trade-offs." The
ambassador cautioned that considerable time might be needed to change what he viewed as a
widespread popular preference for strong authoritarian leaders.
Kawato acknowledged that Tokyo struggled during the 1990s to respond to the new geopolitical realities in
Central Asia. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, few Japanese diplomats knew Central Asian
languages or had spent much time in the region. Although Japan proclaimed a "silk road diplomacy"
toward the region, it had "no concrete content" and represented merely an "expression of our intention to
be present in the ex-Soviet republics."
Japan continues to lack diplomatic leverage in the region, Kawato said. Its permanent diplomatic presence
in the region remains relatively small, and the government in Tokyo has signaled that it is not in position to
allocate additional resources to boost it. Likewise, the country’s security presence is minimal. Development
efforts, meanwhile, have been hampered by high overhead costs and complicated regulations.
Even though Japan has provided several billion dollars in loans for infrastructure development in Central
Asia, Tokyo is unable to keep pace with what Kawato described as the "Chinese onslaught" in the region.
Central Asian leaders seem to prefer Chinese assistance because Beijing does not insist on strict lending
criteria, Kawato maintained.
An example of China’s determination to keep Japanese influence to a minimum could be seen during the
recent Japanese trade talks in Tashkent. Shortly after meeting with Amari, the Japanese trade minister,
Uzbek President Karimov received Ma Kai, head of China’s State Development and Reform Commission.
Karimov later announced the signing of a Chinese-Uzbek pipeline deal. "I personally value very highly and
treasure relations of friendship and trust" between China and Uzbekistan, Karimov said in comments
broadcast on Uzbek state television.
Given the general lack of transparency, high level of corruption, and underdeveloped legal codes in
Central Asia, the Japanese government is finding it difficult to encourage private-sector investment in the
region.
Another speaker at the April 25 presentation, Evan Feigenbaum, the US deputy assistant secretary of
state for South and Central Asian Affairs, characterized Japan as one of the most important external actors
in Central Asia. The repeated visits of senior Japanese government officials to the region underscored
Tokyo’s real strategic and political interests in Central Asia, Feigenbaum said. Tokyo and Washington are
cooperating on several important infrastructure projects designed to promote strong regional economic
ties, Feigenbaum noted. Most visibly, the Japanese are constructing a bridge between Tajikistan and
Afghanistan.
FUENTE: http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav050407a.shtml
L'ALLEMAGNE N'ENVISAGE PAS UN RETRAIT D'AFGHANISTAN, OÙ TROIS DE SES

SOLDATS ONT ÉTÉ TUÉS SAMEDI
LEMONDE.FR avec AFP et Reuters, 20/05/2007, (http://www.lemonde.fr)
Le président afghan Hamid Karzai "a exprimé sa profonde sympathie et (offert) ses condoléances
aux familles des victimes et au gouvernement allemand", dimanche 20 mai, au lendemain d'un
attentat suicide qui a tué trois soldats allemands de l'OTAN et six civils afghans à Kunduz, dans le
nord de l'Afghanistan."Les ennemis de l'Afghanistan doivent comprendre qu'ils ne seront jamais
capables d'empêcher les progrès réalisés dans ce pays avec leurs actes de lâcheté", a dit M.
Karzai, selon un communiqué de la présidence.
La chancelière allemande Angela Merkel avait également condamné samedi cet "attentat sournois", qui
porte à 21 le nombre de soldats allemands tués en Afghanistan dans le cadre de la mission de la Force
internationale d'assistance à la sécurité (ISAF) de l'OTAN, à laquelle la Bundeswehr participe depuis
janvier 2002. "La communauté internationale est fermement tenue à aider le peuple d'Afghanistan à bâtir
un avenir meilleur pour son pays", a-t-elle cependant réaffirmé dans un communiqué, bien qu'une bonne
partie de son opinion publique soit hostile à cette participation allemande à l'ISAF.
Les responsables politiques de la "grande coalition" au pouvoir à Berlin se sont prononcés dans le même
sens que la chancelière. "Une prolongation du mandat (de la Bundeswehr) est justifiée", a estimé dans le
journal Bild am Sonntag le vice-president du groupe parlementaire du parti social-démocrate (SPD),
Walter Kolbow. "Même si ce cas est grave, nous ne devons pas le lier à notre politique générale", a-t-il
ajouté.
LA GAUCHE RADICALE SEULE À RÉCLAMER UN RETRAIT
Pour Karl Theodor Guttenberg, le délégué de l'Union chrétienne-sociale (CSU) au sein de la commission
parlementaire des affaires étrangères, "un retrait serait absurde et ne ferait qu'aggraver la menace
terroriste (...) et augmenter les exigences (des terroristes) contre la communauté internationale et contre
nous-mêmes", alors que deux ressortissants allemands sont actuellement détenus en otage en Irak par un
groupe islamiste qui réclame le retrait des forces allemandes d'Afghanistan.
Le ministre de la défense chrétien-démocrate (CDU), Franz Josef Jung, a rappelé que la mission militaire
allemande dans la région de Kunduz, pourtant l'une des plus calmes du pays, n'était pas sans risque.
"Malheureusement, il n'existe aucune protection à 100 % contre les attentats suicide, a-t-il dit au Bild am
Sonntag. Nous devons gagner la confiance de la population. Et il est pour cela nécessaire de descendre
des véhicules de patrouille", comme l'avaient fait les soldats tués samedi sur un marché.
Du côté de l'opposition, seule la gauche radicale a réclamé le retrait du contingent allemand et le

renforcement de l'aide finanière à l'Afghanistan.
FUENTE: http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3216,36-912534@51-907647,0.html
LA OTAN NO PIENSA AMPLIAR SU PRESENCIA MILITAR EN EL ASIA CENTRAL
RIA Novosti, 23/05/2007, (http://sp.rian.ru)
La Alianza Noratlántica no tiene la intención de incrementar su presencia militar en el Asia Central,

declaró el miércoles Robert Simmons, emisario de la OTAN para los países centroasiáticos.
A la OTAN no le preocupan la coexistencia de su base militar con otra, rusa, en el territorio de

Kirguizistán, ni la creación de las fuerzas de paz en el marco de la Organización del Tratado de Seguridad
Colectiva (OTSC), afirmó Simmons al término de una reunión con Emomalí Rajmón, el presidente de
Tayikistán. "Estamos a favor de cualquier forma de cooperación, especialmente, para incrementar la lucha
contra el terrorismo", explicó él.
Simmons subrayó también que la OTAN no planea reforzar su base aérea en Dushambé sino ampliar el
tránsito de cargas y efectivos enviados a través de aquélla a Afganistán.
La cooperación entre la OTAN y Tayikistán no impide a este último país colaborar con otros organismos o
naciones, como Rusia, aseguró Simmons, al agregar que el presidente Rajmón comparte esta opinión.
FUENTE: http://sp.rian.ru/onlinenews/20070523/65946968.html

ECONOMÍA- Titulares
Aiming to reduce russian role in Caspian, Azerbaijan builds economic ties with Asia
http://www.eurasianet.org (03/05/2007)
AIMING TO REDUCE RUSSIAN ROLE IN CASPIAN, AZERBAIJAN BUILDS ECONOMIC

TIES WITH ASIA
Stephen Blank, 03/05/2007, (http://www.eurasianet.org)
Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev’s late-April trip to South Korea underscores how Asian states
are becoming an increasing factor in the Caspian Basin energy equation. Aliyev is intent on
exploiting the growing oil & gas needs of China, South Korea, Japan and other nations to weaken
Russia’s ability to use energy issues as a lever of geopolitical influence.
Aliyev’s three-day visit to South Korea began April 23, marking a reciprocal gesture in recognition of South
Korean President Roh Moo-Hyun’s trip to Azerbaijan in 2006. On the first day of Aliyev’s stay in Seoul, the
two leaders signed an economic cooperation pact covering energy development, construction and
information technology.
That agreement stands to build on an already solid foundation of bilateral cooperation. In 2006, the two
governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding to search for oil and develop jointly Azerbaijan’s
Inam field in the Caspian by September 2007. Energy cooperation is also extending to power generation.
South Korea’s STX group is working to sign a MOU with Baku to build 10 wind generators that could
potentially generate 20 megawatts of electricity, and the Korea Electric Power Corp. is poised to begin
construction on a gas-fired thermal power plant.
While it is obvious to analysts that South Korea is primarily seeking new energy sources and Azerbaijan
new energy export markets, the significance of Aliyev’s foray to Asia is far greater than the completion of
bilateral business deals. It is symbolic of the rapid expansion of East and South Asian economic influence
in the Caspian Basin. This is a development that significantly increases the challenges that Russia faces
as it seeks to defend its dominating energy position in the region.
East Asian states’ intensified quest for access to Caspian energy points to their increased skepticism
concerning the reliability of Russia as exporter and producer. South Korea, China and Japan, as well as
the South Asian states of India and Pakistan, are unwilling to assume the role of supplicant to Moscow,
thereby exposing themselves to bullying and blackmail on the part of the Kremlin, as has been the case
with Ukraine, Belarus and Georgia.
Over the past decade, East and South Asian states have all seen Russian promises broken, contracts
disregarded, and projected deliveries and pipelines stalled for reasons of Russian foreign policy or
bureaucratic politics. Consequently, these states see Caspian energy sources as a more reliable
alternative to Russia. Even if the rapidly increasing energy demands require that they purchase Russian oil
or gas, East and South Asian leaders are determined to avoid becoming energy dependent on Moscow.
Asia’s thirst for new energy sources is coinciding with a desire by Aliyev to use Azerbaijan’s leverage and
revenues generated by its oil and gas holdings to enhance its foreign-policy independence from Russia.
The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline at present serves as Azerbaijan’s primary mechanism for the
enhancement of its autonomy. Aliyev is now pressing hard to build another pipeline that circumvents
Russia -- trans-Caspian route that links his country to Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. In addition,
Azerbaijan has committed to shipping natural gas to Georgia to make up for shortfalls created by Russia’s
punitive price hike, and it is exploring export deals with the European Union, which has professed a desire
to diversify its energy sources.
Russian commentators have complained bitterly about Azerbaijan’s energy policies. Observers elsewhere,
however, see the moves mainly as a response to the opportunities created by globalization. Whatever
Baku’s motivations, recent developments -- in particular the rise of Asian states and major energy players -
- are likely to make it much harder for Russia to maintain its dominant position, and the ability that comes
with it of imposing the Kremlin’s will on neighboring CIS states.

Globalization appears to be helping Caspian Basin energy suppliers -- Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and now,
potentially, Turkmenistan -- enhance their independence by creating multiple new export opportunities. In
the months and years ahead, it will become more difficult for any one state to corner the region’s energy
market.
FUENTE: http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav050307.shtml

SOCIEDAD- Titulares
Uzbekistán: siguen sin registrarse avances en materia de Derechos Humanos

www.amnesty.org/espanol (13/05/2007)
L'insécurité grandit dans les provinces afghanes du Nord, jusque-là plutôt épargnées
www.lemonde.fr (21/05/2007)
UZBEKISTÁN: SIGUEN SIN REGISTRARSE AVANCES EN MATERIA DE DERECHOS

HUMANOS
Amnistía Internacional, 13/05/07, (www.amnesty.org/espanol)
En vísperas de la reunión de ministros de Asuntos Exteriores de la Unión Europea en la que se

evaluará la actual política europea sobre Uzbekistán, Amnistía Internacional declara que el
segundo aniversario de los homicidios perpetrados en la localidad uzbeca de Andiyán es un triste
recordatorio de los graves problemas que sufre este país en materia de derechos humanos.
El hecho de que el gobierno se siga negando a permitir una investigación independiente e internacional
sobre los homicidios de centenares de personas desarmadas en mayo de 2005 hará que las relaciones
de la UE con Uzbekistán sigan siendo tensas.
Sin embargo, algunos sucesos recientes han dado lugar a nuevos motivos de preocupación. Sólo este
año –al mismo tiempo que la Presidencia de la UE adoptaba medidas para establecer un diálogo sobre
derechos humanos con Uzbekistán– dos personas integrantes del colectivo de defensores de los
derechos humanos y una persona que ejerce el activismo político han sido condenadas a largas penas de
cárcel. Estas tres personas estaban relacionadas de un modo u otro con los homicidios de Andiyán.
Amnistía Internacional cree que han sido condenadas, al igual que otras personas, por cargos de
motivación política y pide a la Presidencia de la UE que solicite la puesta en libertad inmediata e
incondicional de las personas consideradas presos de conciencia.
"La puesta en libertad de Umida Niazova no fue incondicional y la suspensión de la pena, concedida justo
antes de que la UE comenzara el nuevo diálogo sobre derechos humanos, muestra numerosos aspectos
preocupantes", señaló Dick Oosting, director de la Oficina ante la UE de Amnistía Internacional.
"El establecimiento de este diálogo carecerá de credibilidad si, al mismo tiempo, se permite que las
autoridades uzbecas sigan cometiendo graves violaciones con impunidad", agregó Oosting.
En una carta dirigida a la Presidencia de la UE, la organización de derechos humanos señalaba también:
• el deterioro de la libertad de expresión y reunión en Uzbekistán;
• las persistentes denuncias de torturas u otros malos tratos generalizados a personas detenidas;
• la devolución de personas a las que se considera relacionadas con los homicidios de Andiyán;
• la negativa de las autoridades uzbecas a imponer una suspensión de las ejecuciones, a pesar del
decreto presidencial en el que se declaraba abolida la pena de muerte a partir de 2008.
"Ante unos problemas de derechos humanos tan graves y numerosos, la UE no puede enviar un mensaje
equivocado a Uzbekistán ni, de hecho, a toda la región de Asia Central. Debe mantenerse firme, seguir
comprometida con los llamamientos efectuados en el pasado –como el formulado en favor de una
investigación adecuada de los sucesos de Andhizan– y dispuesta a formular nuevos llamamientos en
defensa de las personas injustamente detenidas", indicó Dick Oosting.
FUENTE: http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ESLEUR620052007

L'INSÉCURITÉ GRANDIT DANS LES PROVINCES AFGHANES DU NORD, JUSQUE-LÀ
PLUTÔT ÉPARGNÉES
Françoise Chipaux, 21/05/07, (www.lemonde.fr)
La violence redouble en Afghanistan, où, une semaine après l'annonce de la mort d'un de leurs
chefs militaires, le mollah Dadullah, les talibans ont revendiqué deux attentats-suicides, qui ont
fait, samedi 19 et dimanche 20 mai, 24 morts et plus de 50 blessés. Quatorze civils afghans ont été
tués, dimanche à Gardez (sud-est), à deux heures de route de Kaboul, quand un homme a fait
exploser sur un marché la charge d'explosifs qu'il portait sur lui peu après le passage d'un convoi
militaire américain.
Samedi, c'est à Kunduz (nord) qu'un homme s'était fait sauter près d'un groupe de soldats allemands qui
s'étaient arrêtés pour faire des courses. Trois soldats allemands et sept civils afghans avaient été tués.
Ces attentats font suite à trois autres, qui ont eu lieu jeudi dans la ville de Kandahar (sud), causant la mort
de neuf personnes et blessant onze autres, dont le ministre de l'information, Abdou Al-Karim Khoram.
Ces attentats, qui sont de moins en moins l'apanage des régions sud où les talibans sont les plus actifs,
semblent confirmer la volonté affichée par des responsables de la milice islamiste de vouloir étendre la
lutte à tout le pays. L'attentat de Kunduz, le plus grave depuis 2003 contre les soldats allemands, dont 3
000 sont déployés dans les provinces du Nord, fait suite à un autre, il y a un mois, qui avait tué de manière
similaire neuf policiers afghans à l'entraînement. L'insécurité grandit dans les provinces du Nord, jusque-là
plutôt épargnées.
VICTIMES CIVILES
La province de Paktia, dont Gardez est la capitale, est, elle aussi, en proie à une insécurité grandissante.
L'influence des talibans, qui dans la région sont commandés par l'ex-commandant moudjahidin Jalaluddin
Haqqani, ne cesse de s'affirmer.
De son côté, l'OTAN multiplie aussi ses opérations et affiche publiquement des bilans impressionnants
qu'il est impossible de vérifier. Dans un communiqué, l'OTAN a ainsi assuré avoir "chassé ou tué plus de
100 combattants ennemis", ces deux derniers jours, dans la zone de commandement oriental, qui
comprend notamment les provinces de Paktia et Ghazni où, selon les forces de sécurité afghanes, "trente
talibans ont été tués" samedi. Les forces de sécurité afghanes, qui participent en nombre plus grand aux
opérations, annoncent également des bilans très lourds pour leur ennemi, mais invérifiables.
Depuis le début de l'année, selon des calculs faits par les différents acteurs, plus de 1 600 personnes ont
été tuées dans des circonstances liées au conflit en cours. Les civils payent un prix de plus en plus lourd,
et le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) a affirmé, dimanche, que 2 000 personnes étaient
sans abri à la suite des bombardements par les forces de la coalition dirigées par les Etats-Unis, qui
avaient touché, fin avril, quatre villages du district de Shindand (ouest), tuant plus de cinquante civils.
FUENTE: http://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3216,36-912746,0.html

MEDIOS DE COMUNICACIÓN- Titulares
Tajik Media Short of Journalists

http://www.iwpr.net/ (21/05/2007)
Uzbekistan: Journalist imprisoned

http://www.amnesty.org/ (01/05/2007)
TAJIK MEDIA SHORT OF JOURNALISTS
Saodat Asanova and Nafisa Pisarejeva, 21/05/2007, (http://www.iwpr.net/)
Universities lack the modern teaching methods to turn out high-calibre graduates to work as
journalists.
Tajikistan has plenty of media outlets – at least 380 of them at the latest count – but almost all are short of
staff. One major reason for this is that university journalism courses are under-funded and use old-
fashioned teaching methods, and are failing to produce enough graduates with the skills to slot into the
vacancies. Concerned at the staff shortages, the media community is looking at ways to improve the
training now available, which they say is outdated and short of tutors, modern equipment and even
textbooks.
GAPS IN JOURNALISM TRAINING
Participants in a roundtable meeting held in the capital Dushanbe at the beginning of April agreed that
university courses do not meet modern requirements, that there are fewer and fewer professional
journalists working in the media, and that there is little cooperation between media organisations and
universities.
The meeting brought together the heads of journalism faculties and departments, lecturers, and
representatives of the education ministry and media organisations to identify problems and suggest
solutions. Marat Mamadshoev, the editor of the Asia Plus newspaper, says the education system is in
crisis. He told IWPR that one of the main problems with training is that it is centred on theory, not practice.
The current state curriculum, which was approved by the education ministry five years ago and is used by
all six Tajik universities that offer journalism, only three of the courses involve modern technology. With no
television or radio stations, or newspapers, the universities have no facilities for students to practice their
skills.
“Education must be more focused on practice, so that universities educate fewer linguists than is now the
case at present, and more journalists,” said Mamadshoev. Said, who graduated from Tajikistan State
National University this year, said that on his course, some of the lessons came in the form of long, tedious
lectures. The only classes he thought were good were mostly given by teachers who had actually worked
in the media.
“It would have been good if we’d been taught by more journalists with media experience, who know the
fine points of the profession, the way to talk to sources and other nuances. When I started working in the
media, it was the recommendations and advice these teachers gave me that helped me,” he said. He
added that for some subjects, there were no textbooks either in Russian or Tajik.
A graduate of the Russian-Tajik Slavic University also said she was not given adequate practical training
to prepare her for working with news agencies. “We were told in purely theoretical terms how to write
material – reports, articles and so on – but there was no emphasis on the fact that different types of media
have their own specifics and their own requirements. For example, the Avesta and Asia Plus agencies use
different writing styles for news reporting,” she said.
Mamadshoev argues that in addition to modern, practical skills, students should receive a thorough
grounding in more academic subjects such as law, logic and philosophy, to train young journalists to ask
the questions that readers are interested in. “They should be competent at applying their knowledge. They

should be able to combine and supplement the knowledge they receive, make decisions, solve problems,
and think critically,” he said.
Experts are also pushing for a selection procedure to be introduced for university enrolment, as they say
there are too many students studying journalism for no good reason.
Alisher, who graduated two years ago, said that in his year, there were very few students who really
wanted to become journalists, and that some only enrolled to get a diploma. But those graduates who
genuinely do want to work in media often find they lack the necessary skills and struggle to find work, and
there are currently few recent journalism graduates working on Tajik newspapers.
Alisher and Said both told IWPR that only a few of their classmates managed to find jobs.The State
National University has around 700 students enrolled in the journalism faculty, and 150 graduate each
year. But according to the dean of the faculty, Sangin Gulov, only a small percentage will go on to work as
journalists.
Gulov said the low salaries on offer at universities mean they have trouble recruiting professional
journalists as lecturers, so journalists are often taught by people with little or no practical experience. While
about 75 per cent of students at the six universities offering journalism courses pay fees ranging from 200
to 600 US dollars per academic year, the institutions still fail to offer their staff the equivalent of the
average wage for a practicing journalist.
“We have tried several times to bring in experienced journalists to teach, but they refused to work for the
54 somoni [15 dollars a month] that a lecturer receives,” Gulov said. Media experts are calling not just for
courses to be brought up to date to respond to a changing market and developments in technology, but
also for mechanisms to be introduced to improve the qualifications of journalism tutors.
UNIVERSITIES MUST DRIVE CHANGE
Rukhshona Olimova, media coordinator for the Soros Foundation in Tajikistan, argues that if standards of
training are to be improved, the universities must drive change.“The universities themselves must urgently
introduce innovative teaching methods of teaching and more practical lessons, as used in western
universities,” she said.
Alidod Rasulov, a specialist at the education ministry and deputy head of the department for universities at
the Tajikistan education ministry, agrees with this view. He told IWPR that reforms in training methods are
necessary to ensure new journalists have modern skills, but that it is up to universities and journalism
faculties to push for these.
“If they lobby for programmes and curricula to improve and modernise media education, we will be all for it
- but we haven’t yet received anything,” he said. At the ministry’s department for universities, IWPR was
told that reforms are required not just in media education, but in higher education as a whole.
But Abdusattor Nuraliev, the head of the journalism faculty at the Russian-Tajik Slavonic University,
argues that universities are not capable of dealing with this problem on their own. “There must be an
analysis of the situation with journalism education and the modern media market, and universities, the
media and journalist organisations must be part of that process. The problems must be identified and a
special programme designed to improve education for journalists,” Nuraliev told IWPR.
CALL FOR GREATER COLLABORATION
At present, there is little cooperation between the media and education, with universities unaware of the
needs of the media, and the latter in no hurry to work with the education sector. As part of their courses,
journalism students complete work placements, but some are unhappy with the treatment they receive on
these. At the same time, managers at some media outlets allege that students attempt to bribe them to
pass their practical exercises.
One student - Sabokhat - did her practical training at one local media outlet last year and found the staff
unhelpful and even obstructive. “Not all the media outlets took interns readily, or gave students the
necessary attention and help. If we ever came up with an initiative or an idea, they immediately put a stop
to it,” she said. Sabokhat said the media must do more to help students, “I think that a lot depends on the
media themselves. If they want good employees, then they should cooperate by helping students and
giving them guidelines and direction.” Mamadshoev suggested that universities could select the most
promising students from senior courses and put them forward to be trained by newspapers.

But media outlets have been reluctant to become involved with training so far, preferring to hire staff with
experience. “If the media really are interested, then they should solve these problems together with
universities, so that they train the necessary specialists, but, unfortunately, the media wants staff that are
already trained,” says Jovid Mukim, who is one of the few practicing journalists teaching at the State
National University.
Mukim said local media should become patrons of journalism faculties and departments, and establish
links among universities, media outlets, media groups and international organisations.
INTERNATIONAL HELP NEEDED
Olimova said that while the media have the skills to train students, there is no financial incentive for them
to do so. “Many of our professional journalists have the potential to work as trainers, but for financial
reasons they don’t want to share their knowledge for free, ” she said. She suggested that cash-strapped
teaching institutions could modernise their curriculum by enlisting the help of international organisations.
“Universities should ensure that their teaching body has maximum participation in practical courses
conducted by international organisations,” she said.
To meet the demand for new skills, she says, the Soros Foundation launched a summer school in 2006 for
journalism lecturers at Tajik universities. Taught by lecturers from the Russian city of St Petersburg, the
course is designed to introduce modern teaching methods, and will take place again this summer.
Many students are prevented from attending practical training courses outside the formal curriculum, as
some teaching staff still forbid their students from attending them. An unofficial ban on students attending
“international events” was imposed in the run-up to the 2006 presidential elections. Tajik officials, who
suspected that international organisations were behind a popular revolt in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan in
2005, wanted to avoid a similar uprising in their country.
A lecturer at the State National University told IWPR anonymously that some institutions continue to stop
students participating in practical courses conducted by non-government groups, fearing that this will
introduce them to subversive views. He says this is a short-sighted attitude, and argues that young people
who were exposed to the horrors of Tajikistan’s 1992-97 civil war, are not interested in this creating an
opposition.
“The international community has the resources and the capacity to help students and universities to
upgrade media training to international standards. Most of our Soviet-minded government officials, and
those of our professors who hold totalitarian views, just narrow the opportunities available to students, who
want to study and are not interested in fighting,” he said.
Nurali Davlatov, who teaches at the Slavonic University, also believes it is important for students and
lecturers to participate in practical courses offered by international media development organisations, as a
way of learning modern techniques and fostering cooperation with the outside world. “I don’t think
international organisation are going to go beyond their mandate and teach students how to create a
opposition here. It’s ridiculous to assert that these practical courses will have a negative impact on the
students,” he said.
Mahmadjon Dodoboev, who teaches journalism at the Khujand State University in the north of Tajikistan,
thinks international organisations could supply many of the resources and technology that are currently
lacking. “Such equipment is very expensive, and assistance from international organisations in the shape
of grants, technical assistance, textbooks and the exchange of experience among teachers would be
invaluable.”
Munira, a student at the State National University, said students are keen to participate in practical training
sessions run by international organisations, but have been prevented from doing so. “Since last year, we
haven’t been allowed to attend, even when we showed official invitations. No reason was given for this,”
she said.
Munira said she and her classmates were looking forward to the summer, when they will be free to attend
training events out of term time. “These courses have given us much more practise than we ever get at
university. Many organisations run training programmes over the summer, and most of us are looking
forward to participating as we’ll be on holiday.”
FUENTE: http://www.iwpr.net/?p=rca&s=f&o=335732&apc_state=henprca
UZBEKISTAN: JOURNALIST IMPRISONED

Press release, 01/05/2007, (www.amnesty.org)
Amnesty International today called for the immediate and unconditional release of Uzbekistani
journalist and human rights activist Umida Niazova. The organization was reacting to news today
that Umida Niazova was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment after an unfair trial.
"Amnesty International considers Umida Niazova to be a prisoner of conscience, sentenced solely for
carrying out her human rights activities," said Halya Gowan, Deputy Director of Amnesty International's
Europe and Central Asia Programme. "The authorities of Uzbekistan are obliged to guarantee the right of
human rights defenders to carry out their activities without any restrictions or fear of reprisals."
Amnesty International is concerned that her trial was not carried out in accordance with fair trial standards.
The judge apparently did not give witnesses for the prosecution and defence adequate time to respond to
questions and reportedly prompted them from their initial signed statements to the police. He also
reportedly interrupted Umida Niazova repeatedly while she questioned witnesses. The access to the trial
was restricted.
The 32-year old Umida Niazova was detained on 22 January in Andizhan, in the south-east of the country,
near the border with Kyrgyzstan, where she spent the first four days of her detention unable to
communicate with the outside world. On 26 January she was moved to the capital Tashkent. She was
charged with illegally crossing the Uzbekistani border under Article 223 of the Uzbekistani Criminal Code
and with smuggling literature of a subversive and "extremist" nature into the country under Article 246.
The main charge against Umida Niazova -- smuggling -- relates to an earlier incident on 21 December
2006 when she was detained for nine hours by transport police as she cleared customs at Tashkent
airport. She had just returned from a human rights seminar in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Although she was
released after questioning, police confiscated her laptop computer, flashcard and passport. Among the
materials contained on the laptop was reportedly the published report on the Andizhan mass killings in
May 2005 by the international non-governmental organization (NGO) Human Rights Watch (HRW). Umida
Niazova has been working for HRW’s office in Tashkent as a translator. She had previously worked for the
international freedom of expression NGOs, Internews and Freedom House.
"By imprisoning Umida Niazova, the authorities of Uzbekistan are trying to intimidate her and other human
rights activists. This is also another step in stifling freedom of expression and civil society," Halya Gowan
said. Umida Niazova can appeal her sentence in the next 10 days.
FUENTE: http://news.amnesty.org/index/ENGEUR620032007


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