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MODE TEST PAPER
Maximum Marks : 80
Time Allowed : 03 hours

General Instructions
B. You are to attempt both the
two Sections,
A and
ne qucstion Paper comprises
sections.
i) All questions are compulsory. separately.
to be attempted
u ) All questions of Section-A and B are
marks each and one question five marks.
iv) There is an inten choice in two questions of three 1hese are to be answered:
mark questions.
)Question numbers I to 2 in Section-A are one
n one

om
word or one sentence.
1nese are to be answered
two marks questions. d in
7)Question numbers 3 to 5 in Section-A are

about 30 words each.

c
three marks questions.
These are to be answeroa .

(vii) Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section-A are

e. in
about 50 words each.
(vin) Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section-A are five marks questions. 1hese are to be answered in
n
iv
about 70 words each.
(i) Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section-B are based on practical skills. Each question is a twa
dr

marks question. These are to be answered in brief.

SECTIONA
es

1. What is the order of wavelength of red colour?

(1)
2. A heater coil is cut into two equal pats and only one part is now used in the heater. The heat generated will
ot

now be how many times its previous value ? (1)

3. A hypermetropic eye is corrected for near vision by using a lens ofpowerD. Calculate how far is near point
.n

of defective eye ? 3
(2)
4. When a fuse blows off, is it a good idea to replace the fuse with a coin allowing the circuit to function again ?
w

Why or why not? 2)

5. With the help of a neat diagram, describe how you can generate induced current in a circuit.
2)
w

6. Can you
change focal length
of a concave mior by changing the object distance from the mirror ? Justify your
answer using mirror formula.
(3)
w

or
For the same angle of incidence in media P and Q, the angles of refraction are 35° and 25° respectively. In
which medium, will light travel faster?
(3)
7. A glass slab of thickness 2 cm is placed on printed page of a book. Through how much distance the letters
appear to be raised if refractive index of glass is 3/2?
(3)
8. An object of size 2 cm is placed in front of a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm. Its image is
8 cm behind the mirror. Find the distance of the formed
object from the mirror and size of the image. (3)
9. The image of a needle placed 10 cm from a lens is formed
on a wall 20 cm on the other side of the
Calculate focal length of the lens and size of image if the size of lens.
object needle is 2:5 cm. (3)
10. State the relation between object distance,
image distance and focal length of a
spherical mirror. Is it
from the corresponding relation for a convex lens ? difieren(3)
or
Explain why in going from a rarer to a denser medium, a ray of 3)
light bends towards normal.
336
MODEL TEST PAPER-1
337
11. How is charcoal obtained from wood ?
Why is charcoaí considered a better fuel than wood ? (3)
12. State the formula corelating the electric
current flowing in a conductor and the
show this relationship by
drawing graph.
a
voltage applied across it. Also
What would be the resistance of a conductor if the current
flowing through it is 0.35 A when the
difference across it is 14 V. potential
13. Two identical resistors, each of resistance (3)
10 Q, are connected in:
battery of 10 V. Calculate the ratio of () series, and (ii) in parallel, in turn to a
powers consumed in the combinations of resistors in the two cases.(3)
or
Two resistors, with resistances 5 Q
and 10 Q, are to be connected to a
() minimum current flowing (ii) maximum battery of emf 6V so as to obtain
current flowing
(a) How will you connect the
resistances in each case?
(b) Calculate the strength of the total
current in the circuit in the two cases.
14. Draw the pattern of lines of force
due to a magnetic field associated
(3)
how the magnetic field with a current-carrying conductor. State
produced changes : (i) with an increase in current in the conductor and

om
from the conductor. (ii) the distance
15. Draw the pattern of lines of
force due to a (3)
How would the magnetic field through and around a
current-carrying loop of
strength of the magnetic field wire.
strength of the current passing through this produced at the centre of the circular

c
loop be affected if : (i) the
original radius ? loop is doubled? (i) the radius of the
loop is reduced to half of the
16. Draw course of rays to trace
lens. What is the nature
the image of an
of the image?
e.
object held between optical centre and principal
(3)
focus of a convex
iv
17. Draw course of rays (5)
but net deviation
through (i) a glass slab (it) a glass prism. Why net deivation
through a glass
dr

through a glass prism is not zero.

slab is zero,
(5)
or
Trace the image of an
es

object held in front of a concave miror between its

What is linear
magnification of the mirror ? Is it positive or pole and principal focus.
18. With the help of
ray diagrams, show the
negative in this case ? (5)
defect
ot

eye
atmosphere behaves as a greenhouse. Explain.hypermetropia,
19. Earth's and its correction using
spectacles. (S)
20. What are the roles of the (5)
moderator and the coolant fluids in a nuclear
.n

coolants employed widely. reactor ? Name a few moderators and

21. (a) What is an electromagnet ? What does it (5)
w

consist of
(b) Name one material in each
) permanent magnet (i)
case which used to make
is a
w

temporary magnet.
(c) Describe an activity to show how can
you make an
electromagnet in your school laboratory.
w

(1%+ 1% +2 5)
or
From ancient times to
present, humans have sought healing
that magnetism can heal bunion power in magnetism (magneto therapy). Claims
have been made, but none have
(painful swelling on the big
toe), eliminate tennis elbow, and cure cancer
been substantiated. However,
outlook is promising. many new ideas are on the horizon and the
(a) How magnetism help increase the effectiveness and reduce the side effects
can

(b) What is of a drug?

hyperthermic technique?
(c) How does magnetic field
help to measure the speed of the blood?
(d) Would you recommend
wearing of bracelets of tiny magnets to lower blood pressure?
(1+1+1%+ 1=5)
 Pradeep's SCIENCEPi
338
SECTION B
NSICS
1 S the radius of curvature of a concave mirror in the set up shown in Fig. MT 1.1 2

TT T T
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

3.
EIGURE MT1.1
Aconvex lens of focal length f, is held in contact with a concave lens of tocal
ength of the length f2. For finding

om
combination, what is the necessary condition ?
24. For
rough focal
rou.

a cocave mirror, the miror formula is What is the mirror formula for (2)
a
Does focal convex mirror

c
25. The
length of a spherical mirror depend upon object distance (u) and ?
following "precautions' image distance (v)
potential difference'.
(A) Use copper wires
as thin as e.
were listed by a student in the
experiment on study of
"Dependence
of curra
?

rent on
2)
iv
(B) All the connections possibie for making connections.
should be kept tight.
(C) The positive and
dr
(D) The 'zero enror' innegative terminals of the voltmeter and the ammeter should be
recording the measurements.ammeter and the volt- meter should be noted and taken intocorrectly
the
connected
es

(E) The key' in the consi- deration

while
circuit, once plugged in, should not be
completed taken out till all the
What are those observations have been
ot

26. To 'precautions' that need to be corrected

and revised ?
study the dependence of current
two
set-ups shown in Fig. () on the potential difference
.n

() across a resistor R, two (2)

different positions, marked MT1.2(a) and Fig. MT1.2(6) students
voltmeter readings be A, B, C and D in the respectively.
They kept the contact used the
maximum when the contact J figures. For the two students, when will thepoint J in four
two
w

is in the ammeter and

position ?
(2)
w
w

A B C
D

(a) L (6)
FIGURE MT1.2

MO EL
 339
MODEL TEST PAPER-1
student obtained
the dependence of current on potential differenice across a resistor, a

27. In an experiment study

to
MTI.3.
the graph as shown in Fig.

IA)

04

0.3
0.2

o.1
V(Volt)
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

EIGURE MT1.3
nendinerieass

om
(2)
Ocal What is the value of resistance of the resistor ?

c
or?
2)
on
e.
iv
dr
es

le
ot

en
.n
w
w
w
 MODEL TEST PAPER
Maximum Marks : 80
Time Allowed : 03 hours
General Instructions
Sections, A and B. You
are to attempt both the
question Papercomprises two
sections.
(ii) All questions are
compulsory.
)All questions of Section-A and B are to be attempted separately.
T h e r e is an internal choice in two questions of three marks each and one question of
of five
five m
marks.
Q u e s t i o n numbers 1 to 2 in Section-A are one mark questions. These are to be answered i
n
word or one
sentence. one
0 Ouestion numbers 3 to 5 in Section-A are two marks questions. These are to be answere

om
about 30 words each. ered in
(vn) Question numbers 6 to 15 in Section-A are three marks questions. These are to be
about 50 words each. answered in

c
(vn)Question numbers 16 to 21 in Section-A are five marksS questions. These are to be
answered in

e.
about 70 words each.
ir)Question numbers 22 to 27 in Section-B are
iv based on practical skills. Each question is a
marks question. These are to be answered in brief. two
dr
1. In human eye, what is the function of iris ?
SECTION A
2. The
length of a cylindrical wire is increased by 100%. What is the
es

(1)
consequent change in diameter? percentage change in its resistance due to
3. An
object is held at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens of focal (1)
length 10 Can its
ot

cm.
a screen ?
image be taken on
4. Derive the relation
F= qvB from the relation F= I B. (2)
5, Why are l
.n

copper and aluminium wires used as transmission lines for (2)

6. You are electric power ?
given a concave mirror of focal (2)
mirror to obtain an erect length 15 cm. What should be the
range of distance of
w

image ? Draw the course of rays. object from the

(3)
w

or
What is Rayleigh's eleastic
7. A convex lens of scattering ? Name any one
phenomenon explained
its basis. on
w

focal length 20 is 3)
focallength and
cm
placed in contact with a
concave lens of focal
combination be converging or length ?
power of the combination. Will the 25 cm. Calculate
8. (a) Why does
clear sky look blue ?
(b) Why are danger diverging (3)
9. What is
persistence vision ? Where is this
of signals red
(3)
10. Draw a ray property used?
diagram to explain
how and why spectrum colours recombine. (3)
or (3)
The near point of
required to enable him
a
hypermetropic
person Gopal is at 75 cm from
to read
book held at a distance
a the eye. What is the
11. What is the of 25 cm from the power of the lens
resistance of a human
body ? How eye? (3)
12. Draw a
diagram to show the magnetic field linesmuch voltage is dangerous to it ? (3)
field lines. around a bar
magnet. List any three of properties magnet
(3)
340
MODEL TEST PAPER-2
341
13. Define a nuclear fusion reaction. Describe the conditions for the ocurence of a nuclear fusion reaction. (3)
or
(a) Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy.
(b) Choose the renewable sources of energy from the following list :
Coal, Biogas, Sun, Natural Gas. (3)
14. Draw the pattern of field lines due to a solenoid carrying electric current. Mark the north and south poles in
the diagram. (3)
15. Electromagnetic induction plays an important part in many of our leisure and transportation activities. In the
light of this statement, answer the folowing.
() Can you convert the up and down hip movements to operate a cellphone?
(i) How can you hunt a "burried treasure' of a metalic kind?
(ii) The prices of gasoline are increasing sharply. Can electromagnetic induction help us in some way?
(iv) What lesson do you learn from the answers to these questions? (3)
16. Explain how can a convex lens be used as a magnifying glass ?How can you increase itslinearmagnification ?
(5)

om
17. How does refraction take place in the atmosphere ? Why do stars twinkie, but not the planets ? (5)
18. What is meant by dispersion of light ? Explain its cause. (5)
or

c
How will you use two identical prisms to obtain deviation without dispersion. (5)
19. (a) What is the importance of hydroelectric plants in India
(b) Describe how electric energy is generated in such plants.
e. (1+4 5)
iv
20. (a) What type of radiations are emitted by nuclear fuels and their wastes and how do these affect the biological
system of a living organism ?
dr

(b) How do we dispose off nuclear wastes from nuclear reactors? (2%+2% =5)
21. (a) Express Ohm's law by a mathematical formula. (b) Draw a circuit diagram to verify Ohm's law.
es

c) Present the relationship between the voltage applied across a conductor and the current flowing through
it graphically. (5)
or
ot

Describe the main features of domestic electric circuits with the help of detailed diagram. (5)
SECTION B
.n

22. Draw course of rays through a glass slab and hence explain lateral displacement. (2)
23. Why is lower end of visible spectrum of white light through a glass prism violet ? (2)
w

24. Linear magnification of a concave lens is always positive, but for convex lens, it may be positive or negative.
Why? (2)
w

25. A student sets up an electric circuit shown in Fig. MT2.1 for finding the equivalent resistance of two resistors
in series. Comment on the set-up. (2)
w

R2

R1

ELGURE MT21
MODEL TES APER
 Prade SCIENCE PHYSICSo
342 4, ammeter reads

V2Current I1 and
in Fig.
MT2.2. In circuit ent
circuits circuit lI are
shown voluneter reads
voltage
wo circuit and
ammeter reads current
and
What is
In circuit , the
V1 nd 7 1
relationship between the readings (1, 2 v

Circuit II
Circuit I
FIGURE MT2.2
and
two resistors K R2, a
student
T o determine the equivalent resistance of a series combination of a.
ranges

om
the set-up shown in Fig. MT2.3. Comment on the set-up. (2)
R2
www--ww

c
e.
iv EIGURE MT23
dr
es
ot
.n
w
w
w

AODELTTBSTPAÐA
 ANSWERS AND HINTS TO
MOCK TESTS (1-5)
MODEL TEST PAPER-1 and 2

MOCK TEST 1
SECTION A
1. The reflected ray appears
to pass through focus Fof convex miror
as shown in Fig.
1.

om
length of a concave mirror is negative.
2. Focal
of change in the path of light
3. Reflection is the phenomenon
without any change in medium. Refraction is the phenomenon of

c
in he of in
path light going from one medium to another.
change
4. Absolute refractive index of a medium,

velocity of lightin vacuum(c

e.
iv
n
velocity of light in the medium (v)
FLGURE
dr

For glass, n
3x10 ms =
15.
2x 10 m/s
es

5. Here,f= 30 cm, R = 2/f=2 x 30 = 60 cm. In Fig. 2,

PF 30 cm, PC = 60 cm
ot

FC= PC-PF =60 -30 30 cm.

.n

6. Refer to Art. 1.19, Page 16.

7. Refer to Fig. 1.20, Page 12. The image is formed behind the mirror.
w

It is virtual, erect and magnified.

or
FIGURE 2
w

Refer to Fig. 1.42, Page 42. The image is virtual, erect, magnified and on the same side of the lens as is the
object.
w

8. Refer to Art. 1.15, Page 13.

9. Here, u =- 20 cm, R = 30 cm, v = ?

From
2.2.3 60 60
60
v 857 cm.

The image is at the back of convex mirror. It is virtual, erect

and smaller in size.
10. As shown in Fig. 3, the image formed is virtual, erect and
smaller in size. It lies between F and O on the
same side of
the lens as the object.
GURE

343
 Pradeep's ScIENCE:
PHY X

344 imáge)
for virtual
11. Here, R-40 cm,
m=+ 2(+sign

From m =2; = -2 u = - 10 cm.

AS
the miror.
in front of
Theobject must be placed at 10 cm

on it.
12. Refer to Q.8, Page 89. of light taling
the beam
lens to converge
15. Power of a lens is ability of the
i.e. P
of the lens,
length
power of a lens
is reciprocal offocal
Numenically,

lens of focal length one met

For a convex lens, fis +; Pis +. the power of
a etre.
One dioptre is
For a concave lens, fis-; P is negative.

om
14. Here, 2 cm, 40 cm,
h = u=-

100
P-5D, Í=cm=-20cm

c
- 2 0 - 4 0 40
From
e.
iv
Cm.
40-133cm m=
dr

15. Refer to Art 1.24, Page 29.

16. (a)Refer to Art. 1.26, Page 30.
es

(b) Refer to NOTE on page 46.

ot

17. () For spherical mirrors, the relation is:+

.n

For sign conventions, refer to Art. 1.10, Page 7.

6)Here, v= 30 cm, u=- 10cm,f=?

w

From
w

:
w

18. Refer to Art. 1.27, Page 31.

19. (a) Refer to Art. 1.35, Page 44.
(b) Refer to Art. 1.38, Page 46.
20. Refer to Art 1.25, Case I, Page 29.

or
(a)Here, u=- 20 cm, f=- 80 cm, v = ?

1
From
f

U-16 cm
(b) The basic cause of refraction of light is the change in velocity of light on entering the other medium.
21. Refer to Art. 1.34, Page 43.
 PAPERS 246
ANSWERS AND HINTS TO MOCK TESTS AND MODEL TEST

SECTION BB
slab, ray of light suffers two refractions. Net deviation of the ray in the two
22. On passing through a glass a

refractions is zero.
to be
a hoilow slab filled with water, the net deviation of the ray continues
23. When glass slab is replaced by than deviation of
zero. The deviation of the ray
in first refraction in slab filled with water will become less
the ray in first refraction in glass slab.
sin i will be in water
This is because p and H, therefore, for given 2i, sin r and hence r more
sin r
slab. The deviation (i
-

r) in water slab will be less than that in glass slab:

focal length of each half
24. When the given
convex lens is cut into two equal halves along its principal axis,
remains the same as focal length of original lens.

om
25. Here,

R /2 R

c
of mirror, as it forms only a virtual image, which cannot be
focal length a convex
26. No, we cannot
taken on a screen.
find

27. For image of size of object

rough
e.
iv
Iul=lvl=2f= 2 x 30 =60 cm.
dr

must be held at a distance of 60 cm from the concave mirror.

The object
es

MOCK TEST2
ot

SECTION AA
.n

1. This screen is called retina.

2. Range of vision of an eye is the distance between near point and far point of human eye.
w

25
3. When vision is normal, the least distance of distinct vision, d
= cm.
w

Maximum power of accommodation, P=: D_1000=4

25
dioptre.
w

and hence nothing to scatter the

4. This is because in space where the astronaut is, there is no atmosphere
light.
5. Refer to Art. 2.4, Page 113.
myopic eye = - 1-25 m
6. f distance of far point «
lens.
P- dioptre =-0-8 dioptre. Negative sign is for concave

-1-25
7. Here, u = - 25 cm, v = - 50 cm. f=?

f 50 cm or P = 2D
From
S-50 25 50
Positive sign off or P indicates that thecorrecting lens must be convex.
132.
8. This is on account of scattering of light. For details, refer to Art. 2.20, Page
or long-sightedness.
9. When the near point shifts
away from the eye, the person is suffering from hypermetropia
Refer to Fig. 2.4 (a) and (b), Page 116.
 eep's SCIENCEPHy,
346
10. Refer to Art. 2.6,
Page 113.
or

Refer to Fig. 2.1, Page 111.

11. Refer to Art. 2.9, Page 125 and Art. 2.12, Page 120.
12. Refer to Art. 2.10,
Page 125.
13. Refer to Art. 2.11,
Page 126.
14.
Refer
to Note 3, Page 118. Art 2.15 (e), Page 129.
For details, refer to
Dappens on account of atmospheric refraction.
16. (a) Refer to Art. 2.13, Page 126. (b) Refer to Note 4, Page 115.
17. Refer to Art. 2.7 (2), Page 116.
or

Refer to Art. 2.21, Page 132.

om
18. Refer to Art. 2.7 (1), Page 115.
19. Refer to Art. 2.17, Page 131.
or

Refer to Art. 2.15(d), Page 129.

c
20. () Refer to Note 1, Page 117. (b) Refer to Art. 2.7 (3), Page 117.
21. (a) Refer to Art. 2.14, Page 127. e.
iv
SECTION B
22. Angle of deviation of aray through a prism depends on () angle of incidence of the ray (i) nature of material
dr

of the prism and (i) angle of prism.

23. Here, A 6 0 , i= 40°, e = 37°, 8 = ?
es

From A+=i+te
=i+e-A =40° +37°-60° = 17°.
ot

24. As
50 is angle with face of prism, therefore, i = 90-50° 40
When emergent ray is made to retrace its path, entire path of the ray is retraced. Therefore, e = i = 40°.
.n

25. When the prism is set in the minimum deviation position, the refracted ray becomes parallel to the base of
the prism. This is because in this position, Zi = Le.
w

26. Here, o30°, i=?r=?A= 60°. In minimum deviation position,

i= =60° +30°=
w

45°
2
w

r =A/2 60°/2 = 30°

27. Splitting of white light into its constituent colours occurs because different colours have different wavelengths.
They deviate through different angles on passing through the prism.

MOCK TEST
SECTION A
1. R V220)=484
100
, i) Ra: (220)=806-7
Clearly, R2 (Tesistance of 60 W bulb) is higher.
NSWERS AND HINTS TO MOCK TESTS AND MODEL TEST PAPERS 347

2. Here;P =1 kW, P2 =2 kw
ofthe toaster, R,
=
Resistance

Resistance ofthe
electric heater, R, =

2 or
R2 Rz, ie., R> R
Thus, R2 v2/P w
V=220 V
3. Here, P =750 W,
750 W 220V
(0AsP V, 1
=.

220V 34 A (i) R = 641a

3-4 A
0-2 mm
I= 1-0 m, r =0-1 mm = 10 m R= 102
4. Here;

RA
(102314x10m

om
AS
=3-14x 10-Qm
A 10m
as A =m3-14 x (10m = 3-14 x 10-m
5. A number of electrical conductors connecied together to form a conducting path is called an electrical circuit. If

c
they form a continuous closed path through which current can circulate, the circuít is s d be a closed circuit.

e.
When the circuit is not closed, no cureat flows through it and it is then said to be an open circuit.
For details, refer to Art. 3.8 ; Page 165.
iv
6. Refer to Art. 3.16, Page 174.
Or
dr

Refer to Art. 3.19, Page 190.

7. Refer to Art. 3.20, Page 190 and Art. 3.21, Page 191
es

8. Refer to Art. 3.23, Page 192.

9. R R, =P(3) RA Thus. R
ot

m(3r)2
RA+Rg (RA+R3)
10. Since CD (=20 ), DE (= 10 Q) and EF (= 20 Q)
.n

are in parallel combination, their effective resistance (R,)

is 5 2. Now R, and FB (= 62) are in series and as such resistance between A and B = 5 +60=11 2
w

11. As +-1-15+10+6_S
30 30 R=0972
which is less
than 2
w

12. () R/4 (in) R/16.

w

13. When becomes 2 1, A becomes A/2. New

resistance, R' =PLai) =4 (p UA) =4 R (where R p lIA
= is the
A/2
original resistance).
or
Since the two lamps are in parallel, total power, P 100 W 60 W
= + = 160 W

Resistance, - 2 0 ) 302-5 2
160
220V
Current,I=:
R 302-52
= 0727 A

14. () Current
through 2 resistor, I= =3A : Current through 5 Q resistor, I, ==12A
Current through 10 Q resistor, 6V
I = = 0-6A
102
 348
Pradeep's SCIENCE PH1YS
PHYSICs x
= 48 A
3A + 12A + 0-6A
in the circuit, I= /, +/h +h +/j=
(Note
Note:
rent
1= +lh+/ =3A+ 12A +06A *8 A 10+4+2 16 r R = 1-25 N
o
20
(C)Total resistance in the cireuits is given by 20

Note: I = = 48 A
R 1-252
15. Refer to Q. 2, Page 230.
of the bird perched on a high voltage wire can
be considered
to
be a Dranc ne of an elcete.
0a). The body other branch (i.e. very short wire
derween the cla
curt whose resistance is very large as compared to the the body of the bird is aimost negligible .
ws
through
tne bird) of the circuit. Thus, the curent that passes and
hence harmless.
(6) Refer to Q. 10, Page 209.
a ) The rate of heat production (V2/R) is inversely proportional toR. Thus, to bO1l warer 1n 10 minutes, tho

This is possible only it thne iength of the wire i

resistance of the clement should be (10/15) R, ie., (2/3) R. s

om
decreased to (2/3) of its initial value.
(6) Refer to Q. 30, Page 218.
a ) One voit is the potential difference between two points in a current-carrying conductor when 1 joule of

1joule

c
1 volt
work is done to move a charge of I coulomb from one point to the other, i.e., 1 coulomb
e.
The potential difference is nmeasured by the device called voltmeter.
(6) The connecting cord of an electric heater is usually made of copper which has a low resistivity and does
iv
not produce much heat as compared to the heating element. The resistivity of the heating element, on the
other hand, is high and it produces large amount of heat which is retained by the element which thus gets
dr

very hot and emits light.

) silver is a better conductor than copper. This is due to the reason that the resistivity of silver is less
es

than that of copper.

y Nichrome should be used for making electrical heating devices because i: (0) it has very high resistivity
which produces high temperature when current flows through it and (6) it does not react with air when it is
ot

red hot (800°C).

19. (a) Electric current is measured by an instrument called an ammeter.
.n

The unit of electric current is

ampere. When 1 coulomb of charge
flows through any cross-section of a conductor in 1 T

second, the Www

w

electric curent flowing

through it is said to be 1 ampere. 0.5 m Y
(6) () This symbol represents a variable resistance or rheostat
w

(i) Thus symbol represents on pBug key or switch which is closed.

))The circuit diagram to sudy the relation between Vand I
w

shown in Fig. 4. is
) When V =0-8 V,I = 0:3 A. _0-8v FIGURE4
Thus, = 267 Q
0:3A
When V2=12V, 1 =0.45 A. Thus,
045A-a-2670
45

When V = 16 V, lh =0-6 A.
Thus,
3
16V 1-Sn =267
06A 6
I isclear that constant
ANSWERS AND HINTST DHINTS TO MOCK TESTS AND MODEL TEST PAPERS 349

20. i) oaster V
900W4MA
220V
1200M
55A
V 220V
m-wave
cmaker600
28A
W
V 220V
C-maker
ro eurTent through thefuse 1s the sum of these currents, i.e., Iuse = 41 A+ 55 A +28 A = 12-4 A,
more than
the fuse rating 10 A).
which is
Hence,the coffeemaker should not be started.
Maximum power
that an be delivered by a 220 V circuit that has a 10 A fuse
(in
(100 A) (220 V) 2200 w =

'max (V)
=
=

Total power needed to run the three appliances simultaneously = 900 W+ 1200 W+ 600ow

om
2700 W
than the circuit deliver.
which is 480 W more
ih The coffeemaker can be plugged into an outlet of a different circuit than the outiet for the toaster and the
microwave without blowing the fuse.

c
(iv) Sacrifice. To
save the rest of the appliances in the circuit, the fuse itself melts.
21. Refer to Q. 29, Page
or
217. e.
iv
a) Diferent appliances in a household electric cireuit are connected in parallel sothat
() the appliances work at the same voltage.
dr

the appliances can be operated independent of each other.

(i)
(6) Here, P = 1:5 kW = 1500 W, V= 220 V
es

As P=VI, I= =681 A
220
ot

When 6-81 A current flows through the fuse-wire of rating 5 A, it melts and the circuit breaks. This is due to
the reason that the current flowing through the fuse, i.e., 6-81A is more than its rating, i.e., A. In this case,
.n

a fuse of rating higher than 6-81 A (i.e., say 10A) must be used.

SECTION B3
w

22. II as it has the smallest least count.

w

23. As zero corection in milliammeter =4 mA ; the comect value of current is 38 mA +4 mA =42 mA. Further,
as zero correction in voltmeter = - 04 V, the correct value of voltage is 3-6 V-04 V 3 2 V.
w

24. As in (A), all thefour cells are in series, in (B), only two cells are effectively in series and in (C), only one
cell is effective, VA = 6-0 V, Vg = 3-0 V, Vc= 15 V.
25. The ammeter has not been connected properly as its positive terminal has been joined to the negative of
the battery and negative terminal to the
positive of the battery.
26. Milliammeter A and voltmeter V since they have the highest ranges (0-300 mA, 0-5 V) and lowest least
counts (10 mA, 0-2 V).
27. For circuit A, voltmeter
reading in 0 V as the circuit is open.
For circuit B, voltmeter
reading is 3 V as the circuit is closed.

MOCK TEST!4
1. A compass needle placed near the wire, through which current is flowing, gets deflected, thereby showing
the magnetic field around it.
 PHYSto
350 Pradeep's
SCIENCE :
s
n case of a defect in any domestic appliance, current leaks to its body. The third wire of earth
is protected from
connectic
the lon
the electric
transfers this current to the earth. As a result this, the user of the appliance
shock.
3.
Referto Art. 4.8,
Page 244.
4. Refer to Art.
4.7, Page 242.
5. Refer to Art. 4.7,
Page 243.
6. Refer to Art. 4.17,
Page 255.
or
Refer to Art. 4.15, Page 254
7. Refer to Art. 4.7,
Page 242.
8. due to the
(a) The space around a magnet in which the force of attraction and repulsion magnet can be
detected is called the magnetic field.
) The compass needle shows deflection (when brought near a magnet) due to magnetiC torce exerted on it
by the magnet.
9. Refer to Art. 4.5, Page 240.

om
10. Refer to Art. 4.2, Page 236.
11. Refer to Art. 4.17, Page 255.

c
12. Refer to Art. 4.9, Page 246.
13. () Mild dizziness due to
e.
increased circulation of oxygenated blood.
Gi) Quick development of arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat) in case your friend's heart is with an internal
pacemaker.
iv
(i) Diticulty in controlling diabetes in case your friend is using an internal insulin pump.
or
dr

Refer to Art. 4.11, Page 249.

14. (a) () Short-cireuiting occurs when a live wire comes in contact with a neutral wire.
es

when many electrical appliances of high power rating are operated at the same time.
Overloading occurs

i) In short-circuiting, a large cuent flows through the circuit because the resistance of the circuit formed
ot

when two wires touch each other is

very small. In overloading, a large amount of current is drawn from the
clectric supply due to use of many electrical appliances.
.n

(6) ) The resistivity of an alloy is much higher than that of the

pure metal.
(i) An alloy does not oxidise easily even at high
w

temperatures.
15, Refer to Q. 4, Page 285.
w

16. () This observation is incorrect because the direction of the

magnetic field around a conductor changes
with the change in direction of the current flowing through it. Due to this
w

magnetic field, the direction of force acting on the north pole of the compasschange
in the direction of the
also changes.
i) This observation is correct because the
magnitude the magnetic field decreases with an increase in
of
tbe distance from the current carying conductor.
17. ) The number of cycles compieted by the AC in one second is called the
(i) The loss of electric energy is very low at
frequency of AC.
very high voltage and as such transmission losses are minimised
at very high
voltage. At the receiving station, the high voltage can be
using a transformer. stepped down to the desired value by
18. For to Art. 4.15, Page 254.
19. Refer to Arts. 4.2, 4.5, Pages 236, 240.
20. ) Source I represents direct current (DC)
whereas source Il
i) Source I may be a dry cell or a
represents alternating current (AC).
Voltalc cell and Source ll is an AC Generator.
AN AND HILNIS 20 MOCK 1ESTS AND MODEL TEST

me beriod (T) of AC (Source ) is 0-03 s-0-01 351

s= 0-02 s. Thus, the
v L 02, - 50 Hz. frequency of AC, i.e.,
f The magnitude of DC remains the constant
whereas that of AC keeps on changing.
(h) The direction of DC remains the same whereas
that of AC keeps on changing.
21. Refer to Art. 4.17, Page 255. Also refer to Q. 24, Page 273.
Or

Refer to Art. 4.7, Page 242.

MOCK TESTK
1. Methane (75%).

om
We use fossil fuels to meet the increased energy demands. As a result of
change the composition of the environment. this, pollutants so produced adversely
3. Refer to Art. 5.6, Page 293.

c
4. Refer to Art. 5.14, Page 301.

e.
5. Refer to Art. 5.4, Page 290.
6. 2 kW x 1h=2kW x 3600 s
=7200 kJ 7200 k (18
iv kJ/g) =400 g
or

Refer to Art. 5.12, Page 299.

dr
7. Refer to Art. 5.19, Page 307.
8. Refer to Art. 5.23, Page 310.
es

9. Refer to Art. 5.11 (Advantages of biogas), Page 297.

10. Refer to Art. 5.4 (How petroleum was formed ?),
Page 290.
11. Refer
ot

to Art. 5.11 (Advantages of

biogas), 297. Page
12. Refer to Art. 5.10, Page 297.
.n

13. Refer to Art. 5.29, Page 314.

or
w

Refer to Art. 5.30, Page 315.

14. Refer to Arts. 5.6, 5.13, 5.22;
Pages 293, 299, 309.
w

15. Refer to Q. 2, Page 332.

16. Anaerobic
degradation is the process of decomposition of animal and plant wastes anaerobic bacteria
w

the presence of water but in the

absence of air to form methane
by in
dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen (the main constituent of biogas), carbon
live without free sulphide. Anaerobic bacteria (or anaerobe) is a minute organism that can
oxygen.
17. Equatorial regions on the Earth receive more solar radiation than other
equatorial regions is hotter and rises upwards into the parts of the Earth. As such, the air at
polar regions) starts blowing to the atmosphere. The cooler air from other regions (especially
which is called wind. Refer to Art. equatorial regions to fill the space vacated
by hot air. It is this moving air
5.13, Page 299.
18. Refer Art. 5.17, Page 304.
to
19. (i) (a) A state-of-the-art toilet has been
developed that employs microwaves to chemically alter human
waste into syngas a mixture of CO and H2. This syngas
-

can be used in stacks of fuel cells to

electricity. generate
(6) A Pedal-A-Watt bikestand works by powering a generator with the
Using this, a person in top condition can generate 500 W of movement of bike's rear wheel.
power which is enough to power two
laptops, two fluorescent light bulbs and a cellphone -as long as you maintain that
pedalling source.
 PradeepS SCIENCE:PHYSICS

not inconceivable. Rese

but itis rcher
352 be tricky
emission via a
might ched to cow's
tube attached to have
Hamessing a cow's farts
as a
fuel
that captures
source

a cow
of gas
each day.
s
stomach
(c) backpack litres
res
1000
thatifall the waste grou ds generate
developed a
special bovine
produces
800 to estimate if
and discovered that the
animal
2% oil.
R e s e a r c h e r s

the yield would

wouldibe 2:9 billion
contain as
(d) Coffee grounds can drinkers were gathered
much as
and
reprocessed, allons of
coffee
that con way can be put
h e world's
diesel fuel per year. kind.
Everything to use
Se.
wastage
of any
the
(i) Nature does not believe in
Refer to Art. 5.13, Page 299.
20.
21. Refer to Q. 28, Page 326.
ones. On the other hand
into lighter
or
of splitting
a
together to
heavy
nucleus
form a heavy nucieus.But in both.
But both the aclear
(a) Nuciear fission is the process
which two light
nuclei fuse cases,
is the process in
Jusion
converted into enerE nuclear fusion urs
occurs only at high tempe
which is
a certain mass disappears
about
whereas
by using
neutrons

more than
that released during fission tures.
(b) Nuclearfission is ught MeV/nucieon) is

om
6-75
released during fusion (-
(C)Energy
MeV/nucleon). as such
can be
employed for
commercial
generation of power
generation

controlled and use.

d) Nuclear fission can be controlled to be
of any practical
not been
Whereas nuclear fusion has a yet harmless.
products are

c
whereas fusion
are radioactive
(e) Fission products available in plenty.
but fusion fuel is e. place in
F) The fission fuel is limited with fusion
which takes several steps
s.
process which
is not the case
8) Fission is a quick are the link particles in fusion.
whereas protons
iv
) Neutrons are the link particles in fission
dr

MODEL TEST PAPER

es

SECTION A
ot

1. For red colour, A = 8000 Å = 8 x 10 m.

.n

2. As H o when r is halved, H is doubled.

w

v/R
w

2 i.e.
Aliter:
H, V4(R/2) H, =2H1
w

3. Here, u= 25 cm, v = ?, P=

100100-375cm.
8/3

From
v f 2-1.1 V - 75 cm.
Image is formed at 75 cm from the eye. Hence near point of defective eye has shifted from 25 cm to 75 em
from the eye.
4. No, the fuae is a safety device, and its blowing is a signal that there is too much
in the circuit ; a current too
large for the wiring can cause the wires to heat, and a fire could start. What youcurrent
should do is: () remove one or
more of the electrical
appliances from the circuit and (i) replace the blown fuse
with a fresh one.
5. Refer to Art. 4,11, Page 249.
NSWERS
SAND HINTS T0 MOCR TESTS AND MODEL TEST PAPERS 353
cannot
change
char focal lengthfof a concave mirror.fby changing the object distanceu. From the mirror
we
No,
6.
formula,

f
u is changed, v changes, but f remains constant.
When
or

sinC
From n

When i is
fixed and rp >
o
medium P than in medium 0
would travel faster in
ie. light
real depth (x) =-=13.cm.
7. Fromn=

om
apparent depth (y)
to be raised = x -y = 2- 1-33 0-67 cm.
Distance through which letters appear
20 cm, v 8 cm, u = ?, h2 =?
h=2 cm, R
=
=

8. Here,

c
From
e.
u-40 cm.
iv
dr

AS
es

40
ot

. The image must be erect. . '

u=- 10cm, v = 20 cm, f=?
9. Here,
.n

h ?, h
= = 25 cm

=3 S6657667cm
w

From 20 10
w

- 2 -2h=-2x25
w

hu-10

inverted.
Negative sign indicates that the image is

10. For a spherical mirror,

For convex lens, the coresponding relation is

The new cartesian sign conventions apply in both the formulae.

or
Refer to Art. 1.25 Case I, Page 29.
of wood. When wood is strongly heated in the
11. Charcoal is obtained from wood by destructive distillation
absence of air, the residue left behind is called charcoal."
Charcoal is a better fuel than coal due to the following reasons:
charcóal.
()No harmful gases are produced on buring
(i) No residue is left after it has burnt itself out.
 Pradeeps 1ENCE PH
354
i ) it has a higher calkorific value
12. Refer to Art. 3.9, Page 166
14V 4
CGiven V 14 V, I «035 A R 35A
13. As 10W=5W
R=10010M-20 20
(10wW =20W
) As
10xg=5,
0+10
5

5W
20 l:4
or

om
(a) o obtain minium current, the two resistors R and R should be nected
connecte in series, [Fig.
quivaient resistance. R, =R + R, =5 Q+ 109 = 1S S2 5(a)].
Potential difference across the combination. V = 6 V

c
Thus 6V
= 040
150* e. R1
A -
iv
Ra R2
-Aww R2
dr

imin
Imax
es
ot

(b)
IGURE 5
.n

b) To obain maximum
current, the two resistors R, and R, should be connected in
parallel, [Fig. 5(b)].
w

Equivalent resistance, R, 52x102 10

w

+R 50+102 3
w

Thus, max 0/3101%A

(10/3)2=18A
14. Refer
to Art. 4.4, Page 238.
15. Refer to Art. 4.5,
Page 240.
) Magnetic field
) Magnetic field
strength is doubled (B« )
16. Refer to case strength is doubled (B 1/.
6, Art. 1.32,
17. Refer to Art. Page 42.
1.27, Page 31 for course of
Refer to Art. 2.8, rays
through a glass slab.
Page 123 for course of
rays
glass slab is zero because through a glass prism.
Net deviation in
deviation produced at second deviation
up, being in the same refraction. In case of produced at first refraction is
direction. prism, the deviations egual and opposite to
produced in the two refractions a
tne
E R S AND HINTS TOO MOCK 1ESTS AND MODEL TEST PAPERS
355

1.12. Case 6, Page 12.

Refer to Art.

Linear magnification 2

the magnification is positive.

In this case,

to Art. 2.7 Case 2, Page 116

18. Refer re-emits as infrared radiation. This is
T h e surface of
the Earth absorbs most
of
the solar radiation and
as weit as by clouds and re-radiated back to
in tne
ahsorbed by carbon dioxide, water and
ozone atmosphere
prevents the emperature Taling rapidiy ater a hot day, especialy in regions
oh At night this absorption
content.
atmospheric water
high
with a

20. The role of the

moderator is to slow down secorndary neutrons so that they can cary out further fission of U.
fast
are used as moderators. The role of the coodant is to remave heat produced
35.Usually, graphite and heavy water it on to water n a heat exchanger. At ordinary temperatures, water and
reaction and pass
in the nuclear chain
as coolants, but at high
temperatures, liquid sodrum is used as a cooBant.
heavy water serve

om
242.
to Art. 4.7 (a), Page
21. (a) Refer
Nickel-Cobalt alloy of iron)
(b) () Alnico (Aluminium,
(ii) Soft iron.
Wind an insulated copper wire aroUnd them so as to form solenoid.
a

c
(c) Take iron nails of equal lengths.
some current flows
to a battery (B) and a key (K)
as shown in Fig. 6. When the is
key ciosed,
Connect this solenoid
through the insulated copper
north-poles and the other
wire and the nails inside the
as south-poles. This arrangement e.
solenoid get magnetised, with
becomes an electromagnet.
one of their ends as
iv
iron Nails
dr

S-Pole
es

N-Pole
ot
.n

B K
w

FIGURE 6
w

or
Scientists have proposed
magnets inside them.
create nanometre-sized permanent needle.
Certain bacteria can
fit through a hypodermic
w

(a)
magnets, which are just small enough to site of
harvesting these tiny the magnet near the
be then attached to drug molecules. By placing
These magnets could molecules in place woud
could be attracted and held there. Holding drug
interest, the molecules
occur when drug
circulates into other
increase and reduce side effects that can
their effectiveness
parts of the body. cancer. [This
to target breast
magnetically induced heating
that uses
(6) lt is an experimental therapy the smailer tumours now found by modern
could be especially important in destroying injected directly into the
therapy fluid magnetite (Fe O
would be
For these tumours, heat up
imaging techniques.
external alternating magnetic field, the iron particles would
In the presence of an
above normal body temperature
rumour. few degrees celsius
A rise in temperature of a at umour sites
due to induced currents.]
to kill cancercells. In theory, this heating will occur Iocally only
nas been shown have had positive
results.
and be minimally invasive. Initial experiment force deflects the positive
and

contains many ions. The magnetic difference

C) Blood flowing through an artery uses the electric potential
sides of the artery. A blood-flow meter
negative ions to the opposite
across the battery to measure the speed
of the blöod.
 Pradeep'sSCIENCEP
356
(d No. As said in
part (c)
(C), magnetic field does
affect the flow of biood arteries.m But thers
through the
before
control biood pressure before
PLNSICS
be a definite
vidence of magnetic field being
evid
are recommended.
able to
magnetic shou
bra
SECTION B
22. In the set
up shown in Fig. MT 1.1,
f= 17:5-105 =70 cm
R2f 2x 7-0cm 14-0cm, magnitude
in =

23. Rough focal length of combina can be measured only when it behaves
es as convex.
For
P 1f of of convex lens must be greater than power P2= 12 of concave lens, l.e,, P> P2 or f
power,
irror does
24. The mirror formula emains the same No, focal length of a spherical mirror does not
not
depend
distance (u) and image distance (v). upon objec
25. A.
Thick copper wires should be used for making connecuon
The key should be taken
out after each observation.

om
26. ) D in set-up (a) : Contact at D in set-up (a) provides the marimum pd and hend
ence maximum vol
reading. ltmeter
A i n set-up (b): Contact at A in set-up (6) introduces the least resistance in the circuit ana
maximum current (i.e. maximum

c
ammeter reading)

e.
27. R20V-10 V10 V
0-2 A-0-1 A 0:1 A 104 iv
dr
MODEL TEST PAPER
2
es

SECTION A
ot

1. The function of iris is to control and regulate the amount of light entering the eye by
pupil. adjusting thee size of the
.n

2. Asr=p lUA and R: 4 (p A)=4R

w

(as A l =
A' r)
Change (R-R) 100 RK100
w

in resistance
R R
= =
300%.
3. As
object lies between F and 2 F, the image formed convex lens would
w

taken on screen. by be real and inverted. It can be

4. As F IIB, F=
(ql) IB q {Un B qv B.
= =
(as I= qlt and It = v)
5. These metals possess low resistivity and as such there is less
6. The distance power loss ( R) due to heating effect of current.
of object from mirror should be less than 15 cm. For course of
rays, refer to Fig. 1.20, Page 12.
or
According to Rayleigh, when size of scatterer is much less than
intensity of scattered light wavelength of light incident
( varies inversely as fourth power of the on it, the
wavelength ()
i.e.
Blue colour of clear sky has been
explained on this basis.
7. Here. f 20
cm,f=- 25 cm,f= ?, P=?
From
20 25 100 100
R SAND HINTS TOMOCK TESTSAND MODEL TEST PAPERS 357
f 100cm =1m P= =1dioptre
is converging.
The combination
to Art. 2.18, Page 131. (6) Refer to Art. 2.21, Page 132.
8. (a) Refer
Art. 2.4, Page 113.
9. Refer to
126.
to Art. 2.13, Page
10. Refer
Or

Here, v- 75 cm, u
-

25 cm, f= ?

cm

100 100
pa 75/2 266D

om
11, The resistance of a dry human body is approximately 50 kA and in case it is wet, the resistance is ahout
10kO.A current of I mA s enough to send a shock through a human body. A volage of about 100 V is
V fatal.
injurious to health and 220 may prove
12. Refer to Fig. 4.2(c), Page 237. For properties of magnetic field lines, refer to Art.4.2, Page 236.

c
13. A nuclear fusion reaction involves combining of two or more lighter uclei to form a heavier mucleus with
the liberation of a large amount of energy.

The conditions for the of a

e.
nuclear fusion reaction are
iv
occurrence

) temperature of fusing nuclei should be raised to 10' K at a pressure of millions of pascals,

dr

(i) the fusing nuclei be accelerated to high speeds using particle accelerators.
or
es

(a) Refer to Art. 5.3, Page 289. (b) Sun, Biogas.

14. Refer to Art. 4.6, Page 241.
ot

15. Refer to Q. 3, Page 285.

16. Refer to Art. 1.32, Case 6, Page 42.
.n

Linear magnification, m=AB-CB

AB CB
w

To increasem; we should decrease CB, ie., object should be held closer to the convex lens.
w

17. Refer to Art. 2.15, Page 128.

18. Refer to Art. 2.9, Page 125 ; and Art. 2.12, page 126.
w

or

Refer to Art. 2.13, Page 126.

19. () The annual hydroelectricity potential of our country is 150,000 MW. About 24% of the country's clectric
power is being generated by hydropower plants.
(b) Refer to Art. 5.6, Page 293.
20. (a) Alpha, beta and gamma rays. These radiations break up the complex organic molecules, thereby disrupting
the normal functioning of the biological system of a living organism, which leads to radiation sickness and
ultimately cancer.
(6) By dumping deep into earth so that these wastes which are still radioactive do not come in contact wit
atmosphere or ground water. A beter way wil have to worked out by the coming generations
21. ()Referto Art. 3.9, Page 166, (6) Fig. 3.6, Page 166, (C) Art. 3.19, Page 166.
or

(b) Refer to Art. 4.17, Page 255.

358 Pradeep's SCIENCE: PHYSICs

22. Refer to Art. 1.27,

SECTION B
23. Refer Page 31.
to Art. 2.9,
24. Refer to Page 125.
Art. 1.38,
25. The resistors Page 46
have been connect
connected in parallel across corectly but the voltmeter has been wrongly connected. It s
should be
the combination of R A2and
e resistance in circuit-I (i.e., r + A) is less than the resistance in
cOmbinations of these resistances in both the cases is thecircuit-l (LE. 1 *2*). But the pd
same in both the circuits.
hh and Vi and V2 Thus,

arrangement,
To get the correct
we get correct
reading for current but incorrect reading for the potential difference
of R and reading for ential difference, the voltmeter should be connected across the combination
R2

c om
e.
iv
dr
es
ot
.n
w
w
w