Ruteo de Vehículos (VRP)

Considere la red de distribución compuesta de un Centro de Distribución (CD) y un conjunto de 13 clientes

ubicados en coordenadas (X,Y) de un mapa, y la cantidad de carga que debe ser llevada desde el CD.
Se dispone de 13 vehiculos y la carga máxima por cada uno no debe superar 60 unidades de peso.

Tabla 1: Coordenadas y carga por cliente

Dispersión de Clientes
Coordenadas
x y Carga 15
CD 0 0 0 4
5
1 6 -4 5
3
2 3 -6 6
-2 8 9 5; 10 10 13
3 6; 9
4 -5 10 7 6 4; 8
Cliente 5 -7 9 9 8
-7 6 10 7; 6 7 9
6 v1 = 47 kg 8; 5 5 14; 5
7 -3 5 12
8 7 3 6 9; 3
10; 2
9 10 2 8 v3=28
10 -6 -7 12 0 1; 0
11 -8 -3 6 -10 11 -5 0 5 10 1
12 -2 -8 9 12; -3
13 2 5 14 2; -4
-5 1
3; -6
11;
10-7 2
13; 12
-8 v4 = 11
Método de Clarke y Wright v2=27
-10
1. Identificar la matriz de distancias
2. Identificar la matriz de ahorros
3. Asignar clientes a vehiculos o a rutas.

Las distancias euclidianas se obtienen de:

dist(a,b) = raiz ((xa-xb)**2 + (ya-yb)**2)

Los ahorros por inclusión de nodos en una ruta s obtienen de:

s(x,y) = dist(CD,x)+dist(CD,y) - dist(x,y) donde CD= centro de distribución

Paso 1: matriz de distancias (Tabla 2)

CD C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13

CD -
C1 7.2 -
C2 6.7 3.6 -
C3 8.2 14.4 14.9 -
C4 11.2 17.8 17.9 3.6 -
C5 11.4 18.4 18.0 5.1 2.2 -
C6 9.2 16.4 15.6 5.4 4.5 3.0 -
C7 5.8 12.7 12.5 3.2 5.4 5.7 4.1 -
C8 7.6 7.1 9.8 10.3 13.9 15.2 14.3 10.2 -
C9 10.2 7.2 10.6 13.4 17.0 18.4 17.5 13.3 3.2 -
C10 9.2 12.4 9.1 15.5 17.0 16.0 13.0 12.4 16.4 18.4 -
C11 8.5 14.0 11.4 12.5 13.3 12.0 9.1 9.4 16.2 18.7 4.5 -
C12 8.2 8.9 5.4 16.0 18.2 17.7 14.9 13.0 14.2 15.6 4.1 7.8 -
C13 5.4 9.8 11.0 5.0 8.6 9.8 9.1 5.0 5.4 8.5 14.4 12.8 13.6 -

Paso 2: matriz de ahorros (Tabla 3) Paso 2.1

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 N° Carga Lista de ahorros S/O

C1 - 1 5
C2 10.3 - 2 6 C1C2 10.3
C3 1.0 0.1 - 3 9 C1C3 1.0
C4 0.6 - 15.8 - 4 7 C1C4 0.6
C5 0.2 0.1 14.5 20.3 - 5 9 C1C5 0.2
C6 0.0 0.3 12.1 15.9 17.6 - 6 10 C1C6 0.0
C7 0.3 0.0 10.9 11.6 11.6 10.9 - 7 12 C1C7 0.3
C8 7.8 4.5 5.6 4.9 3.8 2.5 3.2 - 8 6 C1C8 7.8
C9 10.2 6.3 5.0 4.4 3.2 2.0 2.7 14.7 - 9 8 C1C9 10.2
C10 4.1 6.9 1.9 3.4 4.6 5.4 2.7 0.4 1.1 - 10 12 C1C10 4.1
C11 1.7 3.9 4.3 6.4 7.9 8.7 4.9 0.0 0.1 13.3 - 11 6 C1C11 1.7
C12 6.5 9.6 0.5 1.2 1.9 2.6 1.0 1.6 2.8 13.3 9.0 - 12 9 C1C12 6.5
C13 2.7 1.0 8.6 8.0 6.9 5.5 6.2 7.6 7.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 - 13 14 C1C13 2.7
sum 113 #veh. Teo. 1.883 C2C3 0.1
max 60 # veh. Min. 2 C2C4 -
C2C5 0.1
C2C6 0.3
C2C7 0.0
C2C8 4.5
C2C9 6.3
C2C10 6.9
C2C11 3.9
C2C12 9.6
C2C13 1.0
C3C4 15.8
C3C5 14.5
C3C6 12.1
C3C7 10.9
C3C8 5.6
C3C9 5.0
C3C10 1.9
C3C11 4.3
C3C12 0.5
C3C13 8.6
C4C5 20.3
C4C6 15.9
C4C7 11.6
C4C8 4.9
C4C9 4.4
C4C10 3.4
C4C11 6.4
C4C12 1.2
C4C13 8.0
C5C6 17.6
C5C7 11.6
C5C8 3.8
C5C9 3.2
C5C10 4.6
C5C11 7.9
C5C12 1.9
C5C13 6.9
C6C7 10.9
C6C8 2.5
C6C9 2.0
C6C10 5.4
C6C11 8.7
C6C12 2.6
C6C13 5.5
C7C8 3.2
C7C9 2.7
C7C10 2.7
C7C11 4.9
C7C12 1.0
C7C13 6.2
C8C9 14.7
C8C10 0.4
C8C11 0.0
C8C12 1.6
C8C13 7.6
C9C10 1.1
C9C11 0.1
C9C12 2.8
C9C13 7.0
C10C11 13.3
C10C12 13.3
C10C13 0.2
C11C12 9.0
C11C13 1.1
C12C13 0.0
 VRP Solver

15
Paso 2.2 Paso 3 Asignación

Ahorros Descendente
Cliente Nuevo Carga acum
C4C5 20.35 c4c5 c4c5 16
C5C6 17.62 c5c6 c6 26
C4C6 15.93 c4c6 estan
C3C4 15.82 c3c4 c3 35
C8C9 14.65 c8c9 c8c9 14
C3C5 14.55 c3c5 estan
C10C12 13.34 c10c12 c10c12 21
C10C11 13.29 c10c11 c11 27
C3C6 12.08 c3c6 estan
C4C7 11.63 c4c7 c7 47
C5C7 11.58 c5c7 estan
C6C7 10.93 c6c7 estan
C3C7 10.91 c3c7 estan
C1C2 10.31 c1c2 c1c2 11
C1C9 10.20 c1c9 estan
C2C12 9.57 c2c12 estan
C11C12 8.98 c11c12 estan
C6C11 8.71 c6c11 estan
C3C13 8.63 c3c13 c13 61
C4C13 7.96 c4c13 c13 61
C5C11 7.90 c5c11 estan
C1C8 7.76 c1c8 estan
C8C13 7.62 c8c13 c13 28
C9C13 7.04
C5C13 6.94 Resp 1 dist Resp. 3 - Mejor ruta
CDC5 11.4 [3,4,5,6,7]
CDC8 7.6 [11,10,12]
CDC9 10.2 [9,8,13]
CDC13 5.4 [1,2]
C5C8 15.2
C11C8 16.2

C6C10 5.40 Resp 2 ahorro

C3C9 5.03 C1C13 2.7
C7C11 C5C9 3.2
Resp 1 4.90 C5C13 6.9
C5C10 4.59 C6C11 8.7
C2C8 4.48 C9C13 7.0
C4C9 4.38
C3C11 4.26
C1C10 4.06
C2C11 3.85
C5C8 3.79
C4C10 3.37
C7C8 3.25
C5C9 3.22
C9C12 2.82
C1C13 2.75
C7C9 2.69
C7C10 2.68
C6C12 2.60
C6C8 2.52
C6C9 1.95
C3C10 1.94
C5C12 1.93
C1C11 1.72
C8C12 1.65
C4C12 1.18
C11C13 1.12
C9C10 1.06
C2C13 1.05
C7C12 1.04
C1C3 1.04
C1C4 0.59
C3C12 0.49
C8C10 0.43
C1C7 0.31
C2C6 0.31
C1C5 0.23
C10C13 0.18
C2C3 0.09
C2C5 0.08
C9C11 0.06
C12C13 0.03
C1C6 0.03
C2C7 0.01
C8C11 0.00
C2C4 -
Nodo
X Y Carga
Centro de Distribución 0 0
Cliente 1 0 12 48
Cliente 2 6 5 36
Cliente 3 7 15 43
Cliente 4 9 12 92
Cliente 5 15 3 57
Cliente 6 20 0 16
Cliente 7 17 -2 56
Cliente 8 7 -4 30
Cliente 9 1 -6 57
Cliente 10 15 -6 47
Cliente 11 20 -7 91
Cliente 12 7 -9 55
Cliente 13 2 -15 38