Reactores – N°2

Reactor de Lecho Empacado

𝑑𝑊 𝐹𝐴𝑜 𝑑𝑍 𝐹𝐴𝑜 1
= 𝑊 = (1 − Φ) · 𝐴
⏟𝐶 · 𝑍 · 𝜌𝐶 = ·
𝑑𝑥 (−𝑟𝐴 ) 𝑑𝑥 (−𝑟𝐴 ) (1 − Φ) · 𝐴𝐶 · 𝜌𝐶
𝜋𝑟 2
𝑥
𝑑𝑊 1 1
= 𝑠𝑖 ∆𝑃 = 0, 𝑊 = 𝐹𝐴𝑜 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝐹𝐴 (−𝑟𝐴 )′ 0 (−𝑟𝐴 )′

Caída de Presión
Θ𝑖 + 𝑣𝑖 · 𝑥 𝑃 𝑇𝑜 𝐹𝑖𝑜 𝑑 𝑐 𝑏
𝐶𝑖 = 𝐶𝐴𝑜 ( )( )( ) 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 Θ𝑖 = 𝜀 = 𝛿 · 𝑦𝐴𝑜 𝛿= + − −1
1+𝜀·𝑥 𝑃𝑜 𝑇 𝐹𝐴𝑜 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

Ecuación de Ergun:
𝑑𝑃 𝑇 𝑃𝑜 𝐹𝑇 𝑑𝑃 𝛽𝑜 𝑇 𝑃𝑜 𝐹𝑇
= −𝛽𝑜 ( ) ( ) ( ) =− ( )( )( )
𝑑𝑧 𝑇𝑜 𝑃 𝐹𝑇𝑜 𝑑𝑊 (1 − Φ) · 𝐴𝐶 · 𝜌𝐶 𝑇𝑜 𝑃 𝐹𝑇𝑜
𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑃 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖ó𝑛 [ , 𝑘𝑃𝑎]
𝑓𝑡 2
𝑉𝑣𝑎𝑐í𝑜
Φ=
𝑉𝑇
𝑙𝑏𝑚·𝑓𝑡 𝑙𝑏𝑚·𝑓𝑡
𝑔𝑐 = 1 [𝑆. 𝐼. ], 32.174 [ ] , 4.17 · 108 [ ] 𝐺(1 − Φ) 150(1 − Φ)𝜇
𝑠 2 ·𝑙𝑏𝑓 ℎ2 ·𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝛽𝑜 = [ + 1.75𝐺]
𝐷𝑝 = 𝑑𝑖á𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 [𝑓𝑡, 𝑚] 𝜌𝑜 𝑔𝑐 𝐷𝑝 Φ3 𝐷𝑝
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑘𝑔·𝑚
𝜇 = 𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 [ , ]
𝑓𝑡·ℎ 𝑠
𝑧 = 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 [𝑓𝑡, 𝑚] 𝐹𝑇 = 𝐹𝑇𝑜 + 𝐹𝐴𝑜 𝛿𝑥
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑜 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 [ 3 , 3 ]
𝑓𝑡 𝑚
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑘𝑔
𝐺 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑗𝑜 [ , ]
𝑓𝑡 2 ·ℎ 𝑚2 ·𝑠

Reactor de reciclo
𝑄 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑥𝐴1
𝑅= =
𝑄 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑥𝐴𝑓 − 𝑥𝐴1
𝑥𝐴𝑓
𝑉 𝑑𝑥𝐴
= (𝑅 + 1) ∫
𝐹𝐴𝑜 (
𝑅
)𝑥𝐴 (−𝑟𝐴 )
𝑅+1 𝑓

𝐹𝐴𝑜 · 𝑥𝐴𝑓
𝑉=
(−𝑟𝐴 )|𝑥𝐴
1

𝐶𝐴𝑜 · 𝑉 𝐶𝐴𝑓 𝐶𝐴𝑜 − 𝐶𝐴

𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝑆𝑖 𝜀 = 0, 𝜏= = −(𝑅 + 1) ∫𝐶𝐴𝑜 +𝑅𝐶𝐴 (−𝑟𝐴 ) =
𝐹𝐴𝑜 𝑓 (−𝑟 ) 𝜏
𝐴
𝑅+1

𝑥𝐴𝑓 𝑑𝑥𝐴
∫𝑥
𝐴1 (−𝑟𝐴 )
𝑅 𝑒𝑠 ó𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜: (−𝑟𝐴 )|𝑥𝐴1 =
𝑥𝐴𝑓 − 𝑥𝐴1

Alejandro Ghysbrecht
Recirculación
Conversión global
𝐹𝐴𝑜 − 𝐹𝐴3
𝑥𝐴𝑔 =
𝐹𝐴𝑜

Conversión de un solo paso

𝐹𝐴1 − 𝐹𝐴2
𝑥𝐴𝑠𝑝 =
𝐹𝐴1

Selectividad, rendimiento y costos

Selectividad instantánea Selectividad total
𝑟𝐷 𝐹𝐷
𝑆𝐷/𝑈 = ̅
𝑆𝐷/𝑈 =
𝑟𝑈 𝐹𝑈
Rendimiento instantáneo Rendimiento total
𝑟𝐷 𝑁𝐷
𝑌𝐷 = 𝑌̅𝐷 =
(−𝑟𝐴 ) 𝑁𝐴𝑜 − 𝑁𝐴
Costo
𝑈$ = $𝑃 · 𝐹𝑃 − $𝐴 · 𝐹𝐴𝑜 − $𝑉 · 𝑉 − $𝑆 · 𝐹𝐴𝑅

Alejandro Ghysbrecht