bases:

V = vectores geométricos base = {e1 , e2 , e3 } = {x, y, z} = i, j, k

3
a = α1 e1 ⊕ α2 e2 ⊕ α3 e3 = αi ei = αi ei , i = 1, 2, 3
i=1
dim V = 3

regla de mano derecha e1 × e2 = e3

a = α1 e1 ⊕ α2 e2 ⊕ α3 e3
vectorcoordenado

α1
(a) =  α2 
α3

P (x)≤3 = polinomios de una variable de orden menor o igual a 3 base = 1, x, x2 , x3

x0 , x1 , x2 , x3
q (x) = β 0 + β 1 x + β 2 x2 + β 3 x3
dim P (x)≤3 = 4
     
 1 0 0 
R3 = ternas de reales base =  0  ,  1  ,  0 
 
     0  0  1
1 0 0 α
(a) = α  0  + β  1  + γ  0  =  β 
0 0 1 γ
dim R3 = 3.

deducción de las expresiones del modelo discreto coordenado o modelo matricial.

uh (x, t) = υ j (t) wj (x) , η h (t) = hi (t) wi (x)

matriz de acumulación:
d
cv ρ dt uh (t) {η h (t) − uh (t)} dΩh =
Ωh

d
cv ρ dt (υ j (t) wj (x)) {(hi (t) wi (x)) − (υj (t) wj (x))} dΩh =
Ωh

d
cv ρ dt (υ j (t) wj (x)) {(hi (t) − υ i (t)) wi (x)} dΩh =
Ωh
•
cv ρυj (t) wj (x) {(hi (t) − υ i (t)) wi (x)} dΩh =
Ω
h 
•
 cv ρ wj (x) wi (x) dΩh  υj (t) {hi (t) − υ i (t)} =
Ωh
• • •
[M]ij υ {h − υ}i = Mυ {h − υ}i = Mυ · {h − υ}
j i

––––––––––––––––––––––––—
{(hi (t) wi (x)) − (υ j (t) wj (x))} =

1
 (h1 (t) w1 (x) + h2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + hmh (t) wmh (x)) −
=
(υ 1 (t) w1 (x) + υ 2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + υ mh (t) wmh (x))
h1 (t) w1 (x) + h2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + hmh (t) wmh (x)
=
−υ 1 (t) w1 (x) − υ 2 (t) w2 (x) − · · · − υ mh (t) wmh (x)
{(h1 (t) − υ 1 (t)) w1 (x) + (h2 (t) − υ 2 (t)) w2 (x) + · · · + (hmh (t) − υ mh (t)) wmh (x)} =
mh
(hi (t) − υ i (t)) wi (x) = (hi (t) − υi (t)) wi (x) , i = 1, · · · , mh
i=1
––––––––––––––––––––––––––—
d d
dt (υ j (t) wj (x)) = dt (υ 1 (t) w1 (x) + υ 2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + υ mh (t) wmh (x))
d d d
= dt (υ 1 (t) w1 (x)) + dt (υ 2 (t) w2 (x)) + · · · + dt (υ mh (t) wmh (x))
d d d
= dt (υ 1 (t)) w1 (x) + dt (υ 2 (t)) w2 (x) + · · · + dt (υ mh (t)) wmh (x)
• • •
= υ 1 (t) w1 (x) + υ 2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + υ mh t wmh (x)
mh
• •
= υ j (t) wj (x) = υ j (t) wj (x) , j = 1, · · · , mh
j=1

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
matriz de conductibilidad:
K grad uh (t) · {grad ηh (t) − grad uh (t)} dΩh =
Ωh

K grad (υ j (t) wj (x)) {grad (hi (t) wi (x)) − grad (υ j (t) wj (x))} dΩh =
Ωh

K (υ j (t) grad wj (x)) {grad (hi (t) wi (x)) − grad (υ j (t) wj (x))} dΩh =
Ωh

K (υ j (t) grad wj (x)) {(hi (t) − υ i (t)) grad wi (x)} dΩh =

Ω
h 
 K grad wj (x) grad wi (x) dΩh  (υ j (t)) (hi (t) − υ i (t)) =
Ωh
[A]ij (υ)j1 (h − υ)i = [A] (υ) · (h − υ)

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
grad (υ j (t) wj (x)) =
grad (υ 1 (t) w1 (x) + υ 2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + υmh (t) wmh (x)) =
grad (υ 1 (t) w1 (x)) + grad (υ2 (t) w2 (x)) + · · · + grad (υ mh (t) wmh (x)) =
υ 1 (t) grad w1 (x) + υ 2 (t) grad w2 (x) + · · · + υmh (t) grad wmh (x) =
mh
υ j (t) grad wj (x) = υ j (t) grad wj (x) , j = 1, · · · , mh
j=1
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––
{grad (hi (t) wi (x)) − grad (υj (t) wj (x))} =
grad (h1 (t) w1 (x) + h2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + hmh (t) wmh (x)) −
=
grad (υ1 (t) w1 (x) + υ 2 (t) w2 (x) + · · · + υ mh (t) wmh (x))
(h1 (t) grad w1 (x) + h2 (t) grad w2 (x) + · · · + hmh (t) grad wmh (x)) −
=
(υ1 (t) grad w1 (x) + υ 2 (t) grad w2 (x) + · · · + υ mh (t) grad wmh (x))
h1 (t) grad w1 (x) + h2 (t) grad w2 (x) + · · · + hmh (t) grad wmh (x) −
=
−υ 1 (t) grad w1 (x) − υ 2 (t) grad w2 (x) − · · · − υ mh (t) grad wmh (x)

2
 (h1 (t) − υ 1 (t)) grad w1 (x) + (h2 (t) − υ 2 (t) ) grad w2 (x) + · · ·
=
+ (hmh (t) − υ mh (t)) grad wmh (x)
mh
(hi (t) − υ i (t)) grad wi (x) = (hi (t) − υ i (t)) grad wi (x) , i = 1, · · · , mh
i=1

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––-
vector de calor generado y calor através de la frontera:
f (t) {ηh (t) − uh (t)} dΩh = f (t) {(hi (t) wi (x)) − (υ j (t) wj (x))} dΩh
Ωh Ωh  
 
= f (t) (hi (t) − υ i (t)) wi (x) dΩh = f (t) wi (x) dΩh (hi (t) − υ i (t))
 
Ωh Ωh
= {f }i (h − υ)i = f · (h − υ)

q̂ (t) {γηh (t) − γuh (t)} dΓ2h = q̂ (t) {γ (hi (t) wi (x)) − γ (υ j (t) wj (x))} dΓ2h
Γ2h Γ2h

= q̂ (t) {(hi (t) γwi (x)) − (υ j (t) γwj (x))} dΓ2h

Γ2h

= q̂ (t) (hi (t) − υ i (t)) γwi (x) dΓ2h

Γ
2h 
 
= q̂ (t) γwi (x) dΓ2h (hi (t) − υi (t)) = t · (h − υ)
 
Γ2h

Dada la condición inicial discreta:

uh (0) = u0 en Ωh .
Encuentre uh (t) ∈ Kth :

d
cv ρ dt uh (t) {ηh (t) − uh (t)} dΩh + K grad uh (t) {grad η h (t) − grad uh (t)} dΩh
Ωh Ωh

≥ f (t) {η h (t) − uh (t)} dΩh + q̂ (t) {γηh (t) − γuh (t)} dΓ2h , ∀ηh (t) ∈ Kth .
Ωh Γ2h

Kth = ηh : R → Vh Ωh | ηh (t) > 0 en Ωh , γηh (t)|Γ1h = û (t) sobre Γ1h .

y donde se cumple que Vh Ωh , Kth es una familia que ”aproxima” a V Ω , Kt tal que:
1).- Vh Ωh es un espacio con producto interno de dimensión finita y

dim Vh Ωh = mh −→ +∞
h+↓0

2).- Kth es un subconjunto convexo de Vh Ωh no vacío,

d d
3).- cv ρ dt uh (t) {ηh (t) − uh (t)} dΩh ”aproxima” a cv ρ dt u (t) {η (t) − u (t)} dΩ.
Ωh Ω

3
4).- K grad uh (t) {grad ηh (t) − grad uh (t)} dΩh ”aproxima” a
Ωh

K grad u (t) {grad η (t) − grad u (t)} dΩ.

Ω

5).- f (t) {ηh (t) − uh (t)} dΩh ”aproxima” a f (t) {η (t) − u (t)} dΩ
Ωh Ω

6).- q̂ (t) {γηh (t) − γuh (t)} dΓ2h ”aproxima” a q̂ (t) {γη (t) − γu (t)} dΓ2
Γ2h Γ2
7).- Vh Ωh ⊂ V Ω , aproximaciones internas.

Siendo Vh Ωh un espacio vectorial de dimensión finita, admitamos que una base de Vh Ωh sea B = {w1 , w2 , · · · , wmh } ,
donde mh = dim Vh Ωh , entonces uh (t) ∈ Kth ⊂ Vh Ωh , admite la representación:
uh (t) = υ j (t) wj (x) , j = 1, · · · , mh y ηh (t) = hi (t) wi (x) , i = 1, · · · , mh .

Substituyendo y simplificando obtenemos la versión coordenada del modelo discreto.

Dada la condición inicial discreta:

υ (0) = υ0 en Ωh ,
Encuentre υ ∈ Ktmh :
•
0 ≥ − Mυ· {η − υ} − Aυ· {η − υ} + f · {η − υ} , ∀η ∈ Ktmh .

Ktmh = η : R → Rmh | η (t) > 0 en Ωh , γη (t)|Γ1h = û sobre Γ1h .

donde: 

 υ ∈ Ktmh , υ i = υ i (t) ,

 • d

 υj = dt υ j (t) ,





 Mij = cv ρwj (x) wi (x) dΩh ,



 Ωh


 Aij = K grad wj (x) grad wi (x) dΩh ,





 Ωh





 fi = f (t) wi (x) dΩh + q̂ (t) γwi (x) dΓ2h .


Ωh Γ2h