TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TOLUCA

Taller de resolución de problemas de reactores químicos:

PFR y CSTR

Resuelve los siguientes problemas de reactores químicos, usando el algoritmo recomendado en

clase. Resolver en forma análitica y usando métodos numéricos, así como Polymath, Excel o
Geogebra.

Bibliografía de consulta:

• Fogler, H. S. (2016). Element of chemical reaction engineering 5th ed.. U. S. A.: Prentice
Hall.
• Froment, G. F., Bischoff, K. B. (1979). Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design. U. S. A:
John Wiley and Sons.
• Levenspiel, O. (2004). Ingeniería de las reacciones químicas 3a ed. México: Limusa
Wiley.
• Salmi, T. O, Mikkola, J., Wärna, J. (2011). Chemical Reaction Engineering and Reactor
Technology. U. K.: CRC Press. Conceptos de reactores
Cornisa
• Smith,J. M.. (1991). Ingeniería de la Cinética Química. México: CECSA.
Respuestas:
a) V = 1470.1810 L Problemario
b) V = 5692.1157 L
Ramirez-López, R., Hernández-Pérez, I. (2015). Diseño de Reactores Homogéneos.
c) VCengage
México: = 2366 L Learning.

Problema 5
Determine el volumen necesario de un reactor tubular ideal para llevar a cabo la reacción
en fase gaseosa cuya expresión cinética es:

Si se desea producir 1 mol/min de “R”, alimentando una mezcla que consiste de 50% mol
de “A” y 50% mol de un gas inerte, a 100°C y 1 atm de presión constantes, con una conver-
sión de 50%.
Respuesta: V=500.2667 L

Problema 6
Calcule la conversión de un reactor de mezcla completa para llevar a cabo la reacción en fase
líquida , cuya constante de velocidad de reacción es: k=3.75(mol/L)-1min-1 a 60ºC.
Cuando se alimenta una solución de CAo=0.5 mol / L y se tiene un tiempo espacial de 2 min.
Respuesta: XA=0.6

Problema 7
Encuentre el valor de los tiempos muertos para un proceso que emplea un reactor inter-
mitente a volumen constante de 200 L de capacidad que realiza la reacción en fase gaseosa
, cuya constante de rapidez es: k=13.82 (mol/L)-1min-1; si se alimenta con una
Departamento de Ingeniería
mezcla equimolar Química
de reactivos a 100°Cyy Bioquímica
1atm de presión constantes, con 48 moles de “A”
Docente: José Luis García Rivas
por jornada de 8 horas. Se tiene un orden de 1 respecto de cada reactivo y un grado de
conversión de 80%.
 Nota: Se alimenta un gasto molar igual en los tres reactores de 0.2 mol/min, ya que se co-
noce que el orden de la reacción es 2 y la energía activada vale 2500 cal/mol. El reactor
Batch trabaja a volumen constante.
TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL DE MÉXICO
Respuesta: FR=0.13 mol / min INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TOLUCA

Problema 9
Cornisa
La Problemas propuestos
reacción en fase gaseosa se lleva a cabo con una alimentación que con-
siste en 10% mol de A, 50% mol de B y 40% mol de inertes a 2 atm y 300°C. El valor de la
La constante
constante dede velocidad
velocidad de para la reacción
reacción a 300ºCdirecta esL/mol-min,
es de 50 0.0132 (L/mol)min -1
con un ordeny la correspon-
1 respecto
diente constante de equilibrio tiene un valor de 0.0167 a 393°C y 1 atm. Este
de cada reactivo. Si se requiere procesar 300 L/min de esta corriente a la temperatura procesodese
realizará en
alimentación:un reactor intermitente que opera a 393°C y 1 atm con una alimentación de HI
igual a 60 mol/h, y los tiempos muertos originados por dicho proceso suman 3 horas.
a) Calcule el volumen de un reactor tubular continuo (PFR) para lograr una conversión de 70%.
Calcule el volumen del reactor cuando la conversión es del 90% de la conversión de equili-
b) Determine el volumen necesario de un reactor continuo tipo tanque (CSTR) para lo-
brio.
grar la misma conversión del inciso (a) con las mismas condiciones de alimentación.
Respuesta:
c) EncuentreV =el89.486 m3 de un reactor intermitente (Batch) de volumen constante reque-
volumen
rido, con las mismas condiciones de alimentación y conversión del inciso (a), conside-
rando que los tiempos muertos tienen un valor igual al tiempo de reacción.
Problema 13
Respuestas:
Se
a) llevará a cabo Lla siguiente reacción en fase gas en un reactor CSTR
V= 403.8081
b) V= 876.2532 L
c) V= 742.445 L
Su constante de velocidad es . Calcule el volumen del reactor para obtener el
80% de conversión de A si se tiene una alimentación 2000 mol/h a 610°C y 1 atm.
Problema 10
Respuesta: V = 106.1657 L
La descomposición del acetaldehído en fase gas se efectuará en un reactor tubular a la
presión constante de 1 atm y 800 K.
Problema 14
La reacción en fase gas tendrá lugar en un reactor CSTR, el valor de la constan-
233
te de equilibrio es 0.0167, el de la constante para la reacción directa es 0.0132(L/mol) min-1
a 393°C y 1 atm, y se alimenta al reactor 120 mol/h de reactivo. Calcule el volumen del
reactor cuando la conversión es del 95% de la conversión de equilibrio.
Nota: el reactor trabaja a 393°C y 1 atm.
Respuesta: V =1119.788 m3

Problema 15
Fogler, H. S. (2016). Element of chemical reaction engineering 5th ed. U. S. A.: Prentice
La reacción en fase gas se lleva a cabo en un reactor tubular. Si se sabe que la
Hall.
constante de velocidad es de:

Calcule el volumen del reactor para alcanzar una conversión del 90%, si su alimentación es
de 3000 mol/h de reactivo puro a 610°C y 4 atm.
Respuesta: V = 20.4654 L

Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica

Docente: José Luis García Rivas 235
 (a) Write five sentences summarizing what you learned from the Web Module.
(b) Work problems (1) and (2) in the Hippo Web Module.
(c) The hippo has picked up a river fungus, and now the effective volume of the CSTR stomach com-
partment is only 0.2 m3. TECNOLÓGICO
The hippo needs 30% conversionNACIONAL
to survive. Will the DE
hippoMÉXICO
survive?
(d) The hippo had to have surgery to remove a blockage. Unfortunately, the surgeon, Dr. No, acciden-
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TOLUCA
tally reversed the CSTR and the PFR during the operation. Oops!! What will be the conversion
with the new digestive arrangement? Can the hippo survive?

P2-7B The adiabatic exothermic irreversible gas-phase reaction

2A ! B → 2C
is to be carried out in a flow reactor for an equimolar feed of A and B. A Levenspiel plot for this reac-
tion is shown in Figure P2-7B.
500,000

400,000

300,000
FA0
- rA
( )
m3
200,000

100,000

0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9

X
102 Figure P2-7B Levenspiel plot. Rate Laws Chapter 3

(a) What PFR volume is necessary to achieve 50% conversion?

(b) What CSTR volume is necessary to achieve 50%  1  conversion?
(c) The units of the specific reaction rate are k =   : Rate Law ______
(c) What is the volume of a second CSTR added  series to the first CSTR (Part b) necessary to
 hin
achieve an overall conversion of 80%? (Ans.: VCSTR = 1.5 × 105 m3)
(d) What PFR volume must be added to the first CSTR (Part b) to raise the conversion to 80%?
a 6 ×are 3 mol  In a 6 × 104 m3 PFR?
(d)(e)TheWhat
unitsconversion can be achieved
of a nonelementary in rate
reaction 104km =  CSTR?  : Rate Law _________
(f) Think critically (cf. Preface, Section I, page xxviii) to dm ⋅ h  the answers (numbers) to this problem.
3
critique
P2-8A (a)Estimate
P3-12 the rate
Write the reactor
lawvolumes of the two reactions
for the following CSTRs and the PFReach
assuming shown in the photo
reaction in an
follows Figure 2-9. [Hint:
elementary rate
A
Use the dimensions of the door as a scale.]
law. Give the units of kA for each, keeping in mind some are homogeneous and some reactants are
P2-9D Don’t calculate anything. Just go home and relax.
heterogeneous.

(a) C2 H6 
→ C2 H 4 + H 2
O
(b) 1
C2 H4 " --- O2 → CH2 ! CH2
2

(c) ( CH3 )3 COOC( CH3 )3 →

← C2 H6 " 2CH3 COCH3

(d) nC4 H10 →

← iC4 H10

(e) CH3 COOC2 H5 " C4 H9 OH →

← CH3 COOC4 H9 " C2 H5 OH

(f) 
2CH 3 NH 2 ← → (CH 3 )2 NH + NH 3
cat

(g) ( CH3 CO )2 O " H2 O →

← 2CH3 COOH

P3-13A (a) Write the rate law for the reaction

2A + B → C
if the reaction
(1) is second order in B and overall third order, –rA = ______
(2) is zero order in A and first order in B, –rA = ______
(3) is zero order in both A and B, –rA = ______
(4) is first order in A and overall zero order. –rA = ______
(b) Find and write the rate laws for the following reactions
(1) H2 + Br2 → 2HBr
Departamento 2 + I2 → 2HI Química y Bioquímica
(2) deHIngeniería
P3-14B The
Docente: rate Luis
José laws for each ofRivas
García the reactions listed below were obtained at low tem-
peratures. The reactions are highly exothermic and therefore reversible at high
temperatures. Suggest a rate law for each of the reactions [(a), (b), and (c)] at
high temperatures, which may or may not be elementary.
 Data for a He molecule: mass = 6.64 × 10 kg, volume = 1.33 × 10 m , surface area = 2.72 ×
P5-7B (a)
The Construct
gas-phase
10–19 m2areaction
, complete stoichiometric
bulk density = 0.164 kg/m table.
3, at normal temperature (25°C) and pressure (1 atm).
(b) Express
(f) The Work the concentrations
Self-Tests oninthemol/dm
Web.A
3 of each for the reacting species as a function of conversion.
Write
Evaluate CA0, $, and ε, and then calculate →theBa+concentrations
question
C for this problem that involves critical thinking
of ammonia and hydrogen when the
follows
and explain why it involves
conversion
an of H2 israte
elementary 60%.
law
TECNOLÓGICO
(Ans.:
and
critical thinking. See
is = 0.1
CtoH2be mol/dm
carried out
3)
first
NACIONAL
examples
in a PFR
on the CRE DE MÉXICO
Web site, Summary Notes
and then in a separate experiment
for Chapter 6.
(c) to aINSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE theTOLUCA
3
P6-2B a Suppose
inDownload
CSTR. When by chance
the pure Atheisreaction
Interactive fed is10elementary
Computer dm
Games
3 PFR with
at 300kNK = 40adm
2 and
/mol/s. Write
the volumetric
CRE Webaflow raterate5ofdm
Playofthe
reaction
3/s, the
solely as
conversion a function
is 80%. When of conversion
a mixture of 50%for a(ICG)
A(1)and 50%
from
flow inert
reactor
(I) and
is fedforto (2)
site.
constant-volume
a 10 dm
game
3 CSTR at 320 batch
K and
and then
record
reactor. flow rate of 5 dm3/s, the conversion is also 80%. What is the activation energy in cal/mol?has the
your performance number, which indicates your mastery of the material. Your instructor
a volumetric
P4-9 key
The to decode your performance number. Knowledge of all sections is necessary to pit your wit against
P5-8BB The elementary
elementaryreversible
gas-phasereaction:
reaction
the computer adversary in playing a game of Tic-Tac-Toe.
2A ← → B
A→B Performance number: __________________
P6-3C isThe second-order
carried out isothermallyliquid phase reactionin a flow reactor where pure A is fed at a concentration of
takes place isobaricallyand andisobarically
isothermally in a PFR where 63.2% conversion is
4.0 mol/dmThe3 . If the
achieved. feedequilibrium
isCpure
H A. conversion
COCH It isBrproposed
+ C
is found
H to →
N
to beCSTR
put
 aC
60% of equal volume upstream
H 5 COCH NCreaction?
H 5 Br
(a)
of theWhat is the
PFR. Basedequilibrium constant,
on 6the5 entering 2 KC, if
molar 6 the
flow
5 reaction
rate to A6is a
togas
thephase
first
2
reactor,
5
what will
(b) What
beis the
carriedis out
the K
intermediate inC aiffrom
the reaction
batchthe CSTR,
reactor isata Xliquid-phase
1, andThe
35°C. reaction?reaction-rate
exit specific
conversion from the PFR, X2, based
constant on the
is 0.0445 dmfeed
3/mol/min.
toReactor
first reactor? The entering flow rates
3 and all other variables remain
1 is charged with 1,000 dm , where the concentration of each reactant after mixing is the same as that for the2M.
single
(a) WhatPFR. is Source: Modifiedafter
the conversion California
10, 50,Registration Exam Problem. (Ans.: X2 = 0.82)
and 100 minutes?
P5-9A TheNow, liquid-phase
consider the reaction
case when, after filling reactor 1, the drain at the bottom of reactor 1 is left open
and it drains into reactor 2, mounted A below
& B it, → at a volumetric
C rate of 10 dm3/min.
follows an elementary rate law and is carried out isothermally in a flow system. The concentrations of
the A and B feed streams are 2 M before mixing. 1 The volumetric flow rate of each stream is
5 dm3/min, and the entering temperature is 300 K. The streams are mixed immediately before entering.
Two reactors are available. One is a gray, 200.0-dm3 CSTR that can be heated to 77!C or cooled to
0!C, and the other is a white, 800.0-dm3 PFR operated at 300 K that cannot be heated or cooled but
2
can be painted red or black. Note that k " 0.07 dm3 /mol#min at 300 K and E " 20 kcal/mol.
(a) Which reactor and what conditions do you recommend? Explain the reason for your choice (e.g.,
(b) color,
Whatcost,
will space
be theavailable,
conversion and concentration
weather conditions). Backof each species
up your in reactor
reasoning with1 the
after 10, 50, and 80
appropriate
minutes in the reactor that is being drained? (Ans.: At t = 10 min then X = 0.47)
calculations.
(c) How
(b) Whatlongis thewould
conversion
it takeandtoconcentration
achieve 90%of conversion
each speciesininareactor
200-dm 2 3that is filling
batch up with
reactor withthe liq-
Cuid
A0 "from
C B0 reactor
" 1 M 1 after
after 10
mixingandatafter
a 50 minutes?
temperature of (Ans.:
77!C? At t = 50 min then X = 0.82)
(d) What
(c) At the end your
would of 50answer
minutes, the (b)
to part contents of the
be if the twowere
reactor reactors aretoadded
cooled 0!C? together.
(Ans.: 2.5Whatdays)is the overall
conversion after mixing?
(e) Apply one or more of the six ideas in Preface Table P-4, page xxviii, to this problem.
P6-4B The elementary gas-phase reaction
Chapter 6 Questions and Problems (CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → C2H6 ! 2CH3COCH3 239
A → B ! 2C

is carried out isothermally at 400 K in a flow reactor with no pressure drop. The specific reaction rate
at 50°C is 10!4 min!1 (from pericosity data) and the activation energy is 85 kJ/mol. Pure di-tert-butyl
peroxide enters the reactor at 10 atm and 127°C and a molar flow rate of 2.5 mol/min, i.e.,
FA = 2.5 mol/min.
(a) Use the algorithm for molar flow rates to formulate and solve the problem. Plot FA, FB, FC, and
then X as a function of plug-flow reactor volume and space time to achieve 90% conversion.
(b) Calculate the plug-flow volume and space time for a CSTR for 90% conversion.
P6-5B For the reaction and data in P6-4B, we now consider the case when the reaction is reversible with
KC = 0.025 dm6/mol2 and the reaction is carried out at 300 K in a membrane reactor where C2H6 is
diffusing out. The membrane transport coefficient is kC = 0.08 s–1.
(a) What is the equilibrium conversion and what is the exit conversion in a conventional PFR?
(Ans.: Xeq = 0.52, X = 0.47)
(b) Plot and analyze the conversion and molar flow rates in the membrane reactor as a function of reactor
volume up to the point where 80% conversion of di-tert-butyl peroxide is achieved. Note any max-
ima in the flow rates.
(c) Apply one or more of the six ideas in Preface Table P-4, page xxviii, to this problem.
P6-6C (Membrane reactor) The first-order, gas-phase, reversible reaction
→ B # 2C
A ←
is taking place in a membrane reactor. Pure A enters the reactor, and B diffuses out through the
membrane. Unfortunately, a small amount of the reactant A also diffuses through the membrane.
(a) Plot and analyze the flow rates of A, B, and C and the conversion X down the reactor, as well as
the flow rates of A and B through the membrane.
(b) Next, compare the conversion profiles in a conventional PFR with those of a membrane reactor
from part (a). What generalizations can you make?
(c) Would the conversion of A be greater or smaller if C were diffusing out instead of B?
(d) Discuss qualitatively how your curves would change if the temperature were increased signifi-
cantly or decreased significantly for an exothermic reaction. Repeat the discussion for an endot-
hermic reaction.
Additional information:
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica
" 10 min !1 FA0 " 100 mol/min
Docente:k José Luis García Rivas
2 6
KC " 0.01 mol /dm 3 v0 " 100 dm /min
kCA " 1 min!1 Vreactor " 20 dm3
kCB " 40 min!1
 n−1
product ACA0 , where A is the Arrhenius frequency Time Height of meniscus
factor. (min) (cm)
(c) If one takes into account the TECNOLÓGICO
extent of reaction that NACIONAL0 DE MÉXICO 0.304
takes place as the potatoes cool to room temperature, the 5
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TOLUCA 0.515
firmness value at which cooling should begin is 10 MPa. 10 0.726
At what time after initiation of processing should the 15 0.887
cooling cycle be initiated if processing takes place at 20 1.063
103∘ C? To assess the sensitivity of product quality 25 1.178
to changes in the cooking time, calculate the times 30 1.307
Hill, Charles G. Jr., Root, Thatcher W. (2014). Introduction to Chemical Engineering
corresponding to firmness values of 12 and 8, values 35 1.418
Kinetics and Reactor Design
that would place the product quality outside acceptable 40 1.513
limits. 45 1.593
3.45 G. Ostrogovich, C. Csunderlik, and R. Bacaloglu [J. Chem. 50 1.680
Soc. B, 1971, 18–22] used electrical conductivity measure- 1440 3.617
ments to monitor the progress of the reaction between ethyl
chloroformate and aniline in acetone solution at 25∘ C.
(The meniscus separates the liquid and air phases in the cap-
illary tube.)
C2H5–O–C(O)–Cl + 2H2
It has been suggested that this reaction is either first- or
second-order in sodium acrylate. Determine whether or not
NH3+ + Cl− + C2H5–O–C(O)NH– the data are consistent with either of these rate expressions.
A + 2B → C + D + E What is the value of the rate constant for the rate expression
that best fits the data? The initial concentration of sodium
They reported the results tabulated here for measure- acrylate is 0.4 M.
ments of the conductance of the solution versus time. 3.47 C. J. Doona and K. Kustin [Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 25,
Initial concentrations of ethyl chloroformate and aniline (1993), 239] studied the kinetics of the reaction of 1,2,3-
were 1.396 × 10− 2 and 4.605 × 10− 2 M, respectively. trihydroxybenzene (pyrogallol) and oxygen in phosphate
Are the data consistent with a rate expression of mixed buffer by monitoring the concentration of dissolved oxygen
second-order form (r = kCA CB )? If so, what is the rate with a polarographic oxygen electrode. Alkaline solutions of
constant? Problems 69 pyrogallol (P) readily absorb oxygen and can be used to strip

duct quality. The

ous times during a Time Conductance × 106
llow. (s) (Ω− 1 )
0 7.9
30 9.8
60 11.4
90 13.3
120 14.9
150 16.2
180 17.8
240 20.0
300 21.8
360 23.2
420 24.9
480 26.3
540 27.6
600 28.8
18,000 42.8

es obey the gener-

ermine the order of 3.46 C. Cristallini, A. Villani, L. Lazzeri, G. Ciardelli, and A.
mness. In addition, S. Rubino [Polym. Int., 48, 63–68 (1999)] used dilatometry
−1 to monitor the kinetics of the homopolymerization of
0 which is charac-
sodium acrylate in aqueous solution. A cathetometer was
employed to generate the data tabulated here. The data cor-
the corresponding respond to reaction at 50∘ C and an initiator concentration of
min− 1 , respectively. 10 mM.
ined in part (a) to
e reaction and the
rhenius frequency Time Height of meniscus
(min) (cm)
t of reaction that 0 0.304
m temperature, the 5 0.515
d begin is 10 MPa. 10 0.726
cessing should the 15 0.887
ing takes place at Departamento
20 de Ingeniería
1.063 Química y Bioquímica
of product quality Docente:
25 José Luis García Rivas
1.178
alculate the times 30 1.307
12 and 8, values 35 1.418
outside acceptable 40 1.513
 C(NO2 )4 60.0
5.0 1.8 CO2 18.0
2.5 3.6 NO 15.0
1.0 8.7 TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL
N2 O DE MÉXICO7.0
0.5 16.4 INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TOLUCA
0.25 29.8
Determine the space time necessary to effect the decom-
position of 99.9% of the entering tetranitromethane. The
8.3 E. A. Chernishev, V. G. Bykovchenko, T. S. Kisileva, and N. inlet pressure is 1.5 bar and the reactor operates isother-
N. Silkina [Kinet. Catal., 27, 1073–1076 (1986)] have studied mally at 213∘ C.
the kinetics of the gas-phase reaction of trichlorosilane and
(b) Is the mean residence time of the fluid greater than, less
chloroform:
than, or equal to this space time? Explain your reasoning.
Now validate your reasoning by determining the mean
HSiCl3 + HCCl3 → SiCl4 + H2 CCl2
residence time. By how much does it differ from the space
time?
The rate expression for this reaction is r = k(A)(B)0.5 where
A is HSiCl3 and B is HCCl3 . At 485∘ C, k = 0.23 M−0.5 sec−1 . (c) If the activation energy for this reaction is 20 kcal/mol,
Consider the situation in which equimolal quantities of what conversion would be expected at the space time
386 ! Chemical Reaction Engineering and Reactor Technology determined in part (a) if the operating temperature
trichlorosilane and chloroform are fed to one of three reactor
networks. Each network operates at a total pressure of 5 atm. were decreased to 200∘ C because of a malfunction of a
Laboratory experiment
Ideal gas behavior may be assumed. Determine the fraction temperature controller?
conversion of chloroform leaving each reactor constituting the (d) Another stream contains 60% v/v nitromethane and 40%
3
network if the total feed flow rate is 90t (h) cAmeasured
ft3 ∕ min (mol/dm at ) inerts. Determine the space time necessary for a tubular
reactor inlet conditions. (Express all conversions relative to reactor to effect decomposition of 99.9% of the tetrani-
0
the feed to the first reactor in the network.) 2.0 tromethane in this stream. Employ the conditions used in
0.05 1.316
(a) The reactor network consists of a 6-in.-ID tube that is 30 ft part (a) Comment.
long followed by a 24-in.-ID tube 0.1 0.980
that is 10 ft long. 8.6 Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene is normally
(b) The reactor network consists of a0.224-in.-ID tube0.649
that is accomplished in a fixed-bed reactor. A catalyst is packed
10 ft long followed by a 6-in.-ID tube
0.3 that is 30 ft0.485
long. in tubes to form the fixed bed. Steam is often fed with the
styrene to moderate the temperature excursions that are
(c) The reactor consists of a single tube 0.4with a total volume
0.388of
3 characteristic of adiabatic operation. The steam also serves
37.31 ft (This volume is equal to 0.5 the sum of the 0.323
volumes
to prolong the life of the catalyst. Consider the situation in
of the 6- in. and 24-in. ID reactors.)
1.0 0.175 which we model the behavior of this reactor as an isothermal
8.4 P. G. Blake and S. Ijadi-Maghsoodi [Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 15, plug flow reactor in which the dehydrogenation reaction
Salmi,609–618
T. O, (1983)]
Mikkola, studied
J.,the kinetics of2.0
Wärna, J.the
(2011). 0.092
gas-phaseChemical
decom- Reaction
occursEngineering
homogeneously andacrossReactor
each cross section of the
position of U.
Technology. ethyl
K.: CRC Press. 5.0
isocyanate: 0.038 reactor. The stoichiometry of the primary reaction is

CH3 CH2 NCO → CH4 + HCN + CO C2 H5 C6 H5 → H2 + CH2 CHC6 H5

6. Determine the reaction order and rate constant for the gas-phase degradation of ditertiary
reaction at 500∘ C, this reaction obeys a rate expression
Forperoxide:
butyl Consider the case for which the reaction obeys a rate law that
that is 1.5-order in the isocyanate. At this temperature, the is first-order in ethyl benzene with k = 3.5 × 10−3 s−1 at the
value of the rate constant is 3.03 × 10−3 M−1∕2 ∕s. For a tubu- temperature of interest (200∘ C), and the feed is 75% v/v H2 O,
(CH )COOC(CH3 )3 → C2 H6 + 2CH3 COCH3 .
lar reactor determine the 3space time necessary to achieve a 15% C2 H5 C6 H5 , and 10% H2 .
conversion of 95%. The feedstock (A) (B)
is at 1 atm and contains (C)If the feed stream enters at 1 atm and behaves as an ideal
85% v/v ethyl isocyanate and 15% N2 . You may assume that gas, what space time is necessary for the laboratory-scale reac-
Thethereaction
gas phaseproceeded on aComment
behaves ideally. laboratory scale
on your in an isothermal BR,
answer. tor to achieve
where the90% conversion?
total pressureWhat is the mean residence
8.5
(P)Consider
was logged. The
the task of experimental data are denoted
analyzing the performance time of the gas under these
in the table below. Pure ditertiary butyl
of a tubular conditions? Which of these two
reactor in which decomposition of tetranitromethane is taking times is more useful for purposes of reactor design? Why?
peroxide was used as a reactant.
place at steady state. The stoichiometry of the reaction is 8.7 G. H. Roper [Chem. Eng. Sci., 2, 27 (1953)] studied the reac-
Calculate the ratio Vk /V̇0 for a tube reactor to ensure that exactly the same
tion of chlorine (A)conversion
with 2-ethylhexene-l (B) in carbon tetra-
of A is obtained
3C(NO2as)4 with
→ 7NO the BR in 20 min.
2 + 3NO + N2 O + 3CO2 chloride solution. Solutions of these materials were prepared

t (min) P (kPa)
0.0 1.00
2.5 1.40
5.0 1.67
10.0 2.11
15.0 2.39
20.0 2.59

7. Dinitrogen oxide degrades at elevated temperatures to nitrogen and oxygen following the
reaction
N2 O → N2 + 12 O2 .
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica
The reaction was studied at 967 K by registering the total pressure (assuming pure N2 O at
Docente: José Luis García Rivas
200 torr):
t (s) 0 86 234 440 1080 1900
 390 would
! react atReaction
Chemical 967 K and 2 bar, assuming
Engineering a volumetric
and Reactor flow rate of 1000 L/h which
Technology
contains 20 vol% N2 O and the rest being an inert gas?
12.b.The
During maintenance
reaction kinetics of work on a tube reactor,
the TECNOLÓGICO
homogeneous it is necessary
liquid-phase reaction to use aDE
NACIONAL tank reactor
MÉXICO
(2.00 m3 ) instead. How much is the production capacity affected, provided that a
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE TOLUCA
similar degradation 2−
efficiency is desired and2−the gas composition
2− remains unchanged?
2S2 O 3 + 4H2 O2 → S3 O6 + SO4 + 4H2 O (1)

wasDiarsine
8. studied trioxide
in an adiabatic stirredas
that emerges tank reactor (CSTR)
a by-product in theunder transient
oxidation conditions, mea-
of arsine-containing
suring the
sulfide orestemperature
is the mostrise caused by
important rawthematerial
exothermic reaction
in the (1) as aoffunction
manufacture variousofarsinic
time.
The inlet
compounds. concentrations of thiosulfate and hydrogen peroxide were determined by chemi-
calAmmonium
analysis before the experiment,
metavanadite but no
dissolved in achemical analyses
strong acid reactswere
with performed in the during
diarsine trioxide course
of the experiment. Reaction (1) follows second-order kinetics
the formation of diarsine pentoxide following the overall reaction: in thiosulfate and hydrogen
peroxide. The density of the reaction mixture as well as the heat capacity remained more or
less constant
As during
O (aq)the reaction. + 2H O → As O (aq) + 4V(IV)(aq) + 4H− .
+ 4V(V)(aq)
2 3 2 2 5
(A) (B) (R) (S)
a. How can the mass and energy balances be coupled in order to have the reaction
temperature as the only independent variable in the system?
To determine the reaction kinetics, an experiment was conducted at 318 K in a BR. The
b. Explain how the parameters incorporated into the rate constant can be determined
initial concentration was c0A = 1.056 10−2 mol/dm3 . The concentration of B was recorded
on the basis of the temperature–time curve, using regression analysis as a tool. Which
during the reaction, and the following results were obtained:
principal difficulties are incorporated into this methodology?
c. Determine the kinetic parameters by regression analysis.
t (min) 10−2 c B (mol/dm3 )
0 2.00
Data: R = 8.3143 J/K mol, cP = 4.186 · 103 J/kg K, ρ = 1000 kg/m3 ,
14.9 1.68
∆H = −1004.3 49.5 3
· 10 J/mol, T0 = 25.2◦ C, c0A = 316.8 mol/m3 ,
1.17
68.2 0.98
A = S2 O2−3 , c0B = 2 · c0A , B = H2 O2 , VR = 110 × 10−6 m3 ,
98.3 0.75
−6 3
V = 130 × 10 m /s.
123.1 0.61

The
a. temperature
Determine the profile in theorder
reaction reactor:
and rate constant.
b. Calculate the production capacity that is obtainable in an isothermal tank reactor with
a volume of 100 0dm3 and
t (min) 0.5a volumetric
1.0 flow rate
1.5 2.5m3 /h.
2.0 of 0.5 3.0The 4.0
reactor4.5
was fed with
◦ 3
a stoichiometric mixture of
T ( C) 25.4 27.9 32.9 39.6 A and B, c = 0.025 mol/dm .
0A 46.1 50.4 53.1 55.5 56.0
c. Give tthe production
(min) 5.0 capacity
5.5 of a tube
6.0 6.5reactor
7.0 operated
7.5 under similar conditions as
in case ◦
b.
T ( C) 56.2 56.5 56.3 56.5 56.5 56.4

9. ◦ C in a BR operating at a
13.Thermal decomposition
The reaction of dimethyl
between ammonia andether was studied
formaldehyde canat be
504used for the production of
constant
hexamine:volume:
(CH3 )2 O → CH4 + H2 + CO.
4NH3 + 6HCHO → (CH2 )6 N4 + 6H2 O.
Determine the rate expression
(A) and the rate constant
(B) (C) for the(D)
reaction using the table below.
The experiment was initiated with pure dimethyl ether.
The reaction kinetics is given by the expression

r = kcA cB2 ,
Exercises ! 391

where k = 0.01611 dm3 /mol2 s at 309 K. The reactor was fed at a volumetric flow rate of
1.50 3 /s, containing 4.00 mol/dm3 of ammonia and 6.00 mol/dm3 of formaldehyde. The
temperature was set at 309 K. Determine cA , cB , and cC as well as ηA in a stirred tank reactor
in a PFR with a volume of 490 cm3 .
14. Acetic acid anhydride needs to be hydrolyzed in a continuously operating cascade
reactor consisting of four identical stirred tank reactors. The first reactor operates at 10◦ C,
Departamento
the second one de Ingeniería
at 15 Química
◦ C, the third at 25◦ C,yand
Bioquímica
the fourth at 40◦ C. The hydrolysis reaction
Docente: José Luis García Rivas
can be assumed to follow first-order kinetics in diluted aqueous solutions, and the rate
constant has the following values at the given temperatures: