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Tema 3 Fisiología Del Músculo Esquelético Durante El Ejercicio. Fuerza Muscular
Tema 3 Fisiología Del Músculo Esquelético Durante El Ejercicio. Fuerza Muscular
Reclutamiento
Frecuencia de estimulación
Arquitectura muscular
Tipo I
Tipo IIA
Tipo IIX
¿Cómo se reclutan las unidades motoras?
FRECUENCIA DE ESTIMULACIÓN
Motor unit summation.Two units are shown above; their motor
nerve action potentials and muscle twitches are shown below.
In the first contraction, there is a simple summation of two
twitches; in the second, a brief tetanus in one motor unit sums
with a twitch in the other.
Tipos de unidades motoras y fibras de acuerdo con sus propiedades contráctiles
ARQUITECTURA MUSCULAR: ORIENTACIÓN DE LAS FIBRAS
MUSCULARES
Músculo Longitud de ASTF Fuerza Ángulo de
las fibras Área Sección Inserción
Transversal
Fisiológica
DINÁMICA
a) Excéntrica: contracciones en las que el músculo se alarga por estiramiento de una fuerza externa
mientras se contrae.
b) Concéntrica: contracciones que permiten que el músculo se acorte (levantamiento de una pesa
con acortamiento del bíceps)
Isométrica Isotónica
Los componentes elásticos en serie enlentecen el desarrollo de fuerza y suavizan cambios bruscos
de tensión.
CONTRACCIONES ISOMÉTRICAS
A simple apparatus for recording
isometric contractions. The length of the
muscle (marked on the graph by the pen
attached near its lower end) is adjustable
at rest but is held constant during
contraction. The force transducer provides
a record of the isometric force response
to a single stimulus at a fixed length
(isometric by definition). (In this and in the
next five figures, force, length, and time
units are arbitrary.)
Comparativa contracciones isométricas
e isotónicas
(figura anterior): Isometric and isotonic contraction. A, Experimental preparation for study of muscle
contraction under isometric conditions. B, Experimental preparation for study of muscle contraction
under isotonic conditions. C, The passive curve represents the tension that is measured at various
muscle lengths before muscle contraction. The total curve represents the tension that is measured at
various muscle lengths during muscle contraction. Muscle length is expressed as the percent of
"optimal" length, that is, the length at which active isometric tension is maximal. D, The active tension
is the difference between the total and the passive tensions in C. E, Each of the three blue curves
shows that the velocity of muscle shortening is faster if the muscle lifts a lighter weight-it is easier to
lift a feather (left side of each curve/low load) than to lift a barbell (right side of each curve/high load).
The three blue curves also show that for any given velocity of shortening, a longer muscle can
develop a greater tension than can a shorter muscle.
FIN
FISIOLOGÍA DEL EJERCICIO