3.

Colombian Aquatic Ecosystems and Regional Biodiversity

Colombia is blessed with a diverse range of aquatic
ecosystems, rivers, wetlands, lagoons, and lakes, as
well as a rich variety of flora and fauna across its
distinct natural regions. Let's explore these elements
in detail.
Rivers: Colombia boasts numerous rivers, including
the Magdalena and Cauca Rivers, which are vital for
transportation, agriculture, and as a water source for
many communities.
Wetlands: Humedales, or wetlands, are essential ecosystems that provide habitat for various bird
species and help regulate water quality. La Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta is one of Colombia's
notable wetlands.
Lakes and Lagoons: Colombia has several lakes and lagoons, like Lake Tota and La Cocha Lagoon.
These bodies of freshwater support both local biodiversity and recreational activities.
Reservoirs: Embalses, or reservoirs, are often created by damming rivers. They serve purposes such as
hydroelectric power generation and water supply. The Guatapé Reservoir is a famous example.
Flora and Fauna in Colombia's Natural Regions:

• Andean Region: The Andes Mountains are home to diverse flora, including orchids and
bromeliads, and fauna such as the Andean condor and spectacled bear.
• Caribbean Region: This region features coastal ecosystems, including mangroves and coral
reefs, and supports species like manatees and hawksbill turtles.
• Pacific Region: The Pacific coast is renowned for its lush rainforests and marine life, including
humpback whales and jaguars.
• Orinoquía Region: Vast savannas dominate this region, where you can find giant anteaters and
capybaras.
• Amazon Region: The Amazon rainforest is one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, hosting
countless plant and animal species, like the Amazon river dolphin and poison dart frog.
• Insular Region: Colombia's islands, like San Andrés and Providencia, have unique ecosystems
with species such as the black iguana and coral formations.
 Endemic Species of Colombia: Colombia is
home to numerous endemic species, meaning
they are found nowhere else in the world.
Some examples include the Santa Marta
parakeet, the golden poison dart frog, and the
Chocó toucan.
Comprehension Questions:

1. What roles do wetlands (humedales)

play in Colombia's ecosystems?
2. Name a famous reservoir in Colombia
and its primary purpose.
3. Which natural region of Colombia is
known for its lush rainforests and
humpback whales?
4. What does it mean when a species is
described as "endemic"?
5. Name one endemic species of Colombia and describe it briefly.

Multiple-Choice Questions:

1. Which river is vital for transportation and agriculture in Colombia? a) Cauca River b)
Magdalena River c) Amazon River d) Orinoco River
2. What is the primary function of wetlands (humedales) in Colombia? a) Hydroelectric power
generation b) Regulating water quality c) Supporting coral reefs d) Hosting jaguars
3. Which region of Colombia is famous for its savannas and giant anteaters? a) Andean Region b)
Caribbean Region c) Orinoquía Region d) Pacific Region
4. What is the Insular Region known for in Colombia? a) Vast rainforests b) Endemic species c)
Spectacled bears d) Coral reefs
5. What makes an endemic species unique? a) It is found in multiple countries. b) It is found only
in Colombia. c) It has a wide distribution. d) It is a common species.