Dussel - Mas Alla de La Crisis - Introduccion y Capitulo 2

01-056-025 - 40 Cop
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5/40
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DPNQBSUFO TV UJFNQP FO MB FTDVFMB QVFEF QFSNJUJS JODMVJS EFMPTFOUSFWJTUBEPTBEFDMBSBSDPNPQSPQJBTMBTPQJOJPOFTRVF
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NFOUF QPSRVFTJRVFSFNPTDPOUSJCVJSBRVFQVFEBOFKFSDFS RVFIBCMBOEFMPTDBNCJPTZDPOUJOVJEBEFTEFFTUBHFOFSBDJØO
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PUSPT TF PQPOFO EFTEF FM PQUJNJTNP -B FTDVFMB BDUVBM {TF DPO
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MBTRVFBSSJCBNPT FODPOUSBNPTRVFMPTBMVNOPTFSBONFOPT QSPYJNJEBEEFPQJOJPOFTMPRVFIBZRVFFYQMJDBSTF&TMMBNB

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12/40
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DPOEJDJØOEFiBMVNOPw RVF1FSSFOPVETFBOJNØBMMBNBSVO FOCBKP NFEJPZBMUP UPNBOEPFODVFOUBMBPDVQBDJØOEFM
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RVFPUSPSBUFOÓBDPOEVDUBTZWBMPSFTFTUSJDUPTBTPDJB TPTUÏOEFMIPHBSZFMOJWFMFEVDBUJWPEFMPTQBESFT EBEPRVF

13/40
$ĒġŧĥĦĝĠ-PTBMVNOPTZMBFTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJB .ÃTBMMÃEFMBDSJTJT7JTJÓOEFBMVNOPTZQSPGFTPSFTEFMBFTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJBBSHFOUJOB
OPTFJODMVZFSPOFOFMDVFTUJPOBSJPQSFHVOUBTTPCSFMPTJO VO SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF EFMPTTFDUPSFTNFEJPTZBMUPT

HSFTPTPDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMBWJWJFOEB&TUFÓOEJDF RVFEFCF &M ZFM EFMPTTFDUPSFTCBKPTSFQJUJØMBQSJNB
DPOTJEFSBSTF VO WBMPS BQSPYJNBEP PSHBOJ[B MB NVFTUSB FO SJB P &(# Z MB TFDVOEBSJB P 1PMJNPEBM SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF
USFT HSVQPT OJWFM TPDJPFDPOØNJDP CBKP
OJWFM TP DPOUSBVO ZVO EFMPTOJWFMFTNFEJPT ZVO
DJPFDPOØNJDPNFEJP
ZOJWFMTPDJPFDPOØNJDPBMUP Z EFMPTBMUPTRVFBUSBWFTØQPSVOBTJUVBDJØO

1PSPUSBQBSUF FM EFMPTKØWFOFTEFOJWFMFT TFNFKBOUF&OFTBEJSFDDJØO MBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMBNVFTUSB
TPDJPFDPOØNJDPTCBKPTFODVFTUBEPTUSBCBKB NJFOUSBTRVFFO TPODPOTJTUFOUFTDPOMPRVFTF×BMBMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOFEVDBUJWB
MPTTFDUPSFTNFEJPTFMQPSDFOUBKFTFSFEVDFBM ZFOMPT TPCSFÏYJUPFTDPMBSZOJWFMTPDJPFDPOØNJDP
TFDUPSFTBMUPT BM &M EFFTUFHSVQPTPDJPFDPOØ
NJDPIBDFUBSFBTEFMBDBTB DVJEBBMPTIJKPTPBZVEBBMPT &ODVBOUPBMBJOEBHBDJØODVBMJUBUJWB TFEFTBSSPMMBSPO
GBNJMJBSFT GSFOUFBM EFMPTTFDUPSFTNFEJPTZBM HSVQPTGPDBMFTDPOKØWFOFTEFZB×PZZEF1P
EFMPTTFDUPSFTBMUPT SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF RVFSFBMJ[BFTUFUJQP MJNPEBM EFBDVFSEPDPOMBTEJGFSFOUFTEFOPNJOBDJPOFTFOMBT
EF UBSFBT &T FMPDVFOUF MB EJWJTJØO EFM USBCBKP QPS HÏOFSP QSPWJODJBT
EFEJTUJOUPTOJWFMFTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPT FOKVSJT
FOUSFMPTBMVNOPTFODVFTUBEPTNJFOUSBTTPONÈTMBTNVKF EJDDJPOFTEJGFSFOUFT SFHJØONFUSPQPMJUBOBEF#VFOPT"JSFT
SFT FM
RVFMPTWBSPOFT
RVFDPMBCPSBOFOMB DJVEBEEF$PSSJFOUFTZDJVEBEEF.FOEP[B
&OFTPTHSVQPT
DBTB MPTTFHVOEPTUSBCBKBOFOVOBQSPQPSDJØONBZPSGVFSB QBSUJDJQBSPOFOUSFZKØWFOFT
EFMIPHBS WT

&MWBMPSEFMBFEVDBDJØO
5BNCJÏOOPTJOUFSFTØSFMFWBSMBUSBZFDUPSJBFTDPMBSEFMPT
FTUVEJBOUFT DPO MB IJQØUFTJT EF RVF DVBOUP QFPS GVFSB FM i4JFMQBÓTFTUÈBMIPSOP TJOFTDVFMBTZByMPQPDPRVFMF
SFOEJNJFOUPFTDPMBS NÈTOFHBUJWBTTFSÓBOMBTPQJOJPOFTTP RVFEBBMQBÓTEFMBHFOUFRVFFTUÈUSBUBOEPEFQPOFSIVF
CSF MB FTDVFMB &M EF MPT FODVFTUBEPT EFKØ MB FTDVFMB WPT FTNBOEBSMPTDIJDPTBMDPMFHJPQBSBRVFMPTFEVRVFO
TFDVOEBSJB BMHVOB WF[ Z MVFHP MB SFUPNØ &M EF MB 1PSRVFFOFMDPMFHJPOPTPMPBQSFOEÏT UFFEVDÈT UFIBDÏT
NVFTUSB SFQJUJØ VO HSBEP FO MB QSJNBSJB Z FM VO QFSTPOBw
B×P FO MB TFDVOEBSJB &M TF MMFWØ BMHVOB NBUFSJB FM 7BSØO SFHJØONFUSPQPMJUBOBEF
B×PQBTBEP OPTSFGFSJNPTBMNPNFOUPFORVFTFUPNØMB #VFOPT"JSFT FTDVFMBQÞCMJDB
FODVFTUB
ZFOUSFFMMPT FM TFMMFWØNÈTEFEPT$PO
FTUBTWBSJBCMFT DPOTUSVJNPTVOBOVFWBRVFMMBNBNPTiUSB &M TFOUJEP DPNÞO TVFMF DPOTJEFSBS RVF B MPT DIJDPT iOP
ZFDUPSJBFTDPMBSTJOTPCSFTBMUPTw OPSFQJUJØ ZTFMMFWØNB MFT JNQPSUB OBEBw $PNP WJNPT FO FM DBQÓUVMP BOUFSJPS MPT
UFSJBTPNFOPTBEJDJFNCSFPNBS[P
ZiUSBZFDUPSJBFTDPMBS EPDFOUFTUBNCJÏODSFFOBMHPEFFTUP TPCSFUPEPDVBOEPTFMFT
DPOTPCSFTBMUPTw BCBOEPOØPSFQJUJØBMHVOBWF[ ZTFMMFWØ QSFHVOUBTPCSFMPTKØWFOFTFOHFOFSBMZOPTPCSFTVTBMVNOPT
NÈTEFNBUFSJBTBEJDJFNCSFPNBS[P
4JDSV[BNPTUSBZFD &OMBDJWJMJ[BDJØOEFMBWFMPDJEBE PFOFMiDBQJUBMJTNPEFTF
UPSJBFTDPMBSDPOOJWFMTPDJPFDPOØNJDP TFNBOJmFTUBRVFFM EVDDJØOw DPNPMPMMBNBOBMHVOPT 3JDIBSE
MBFTDVFMB
EFMPTFODVFTUBEPTRVFQFSUFOFDFOBMOJWFMTPDJPFDP BQBSFDFDPNPVOBJOTUJUVDJØOQPDPWBMJPTB QFTBEB MJHBEBB
OØNJDPCBKPBTJTUFBFTDVFMBTQÞCMJDBT GSFOUFBVO Z WBMPSFTZFTUSVDUVSBTEFMQBTBEP

14/40
4JO FNCBSHP DVBOEP TF MFT QSFHVOUB TPCSF MB GVODJØO Z FM $PNPTFWFSÈNÈTBEFMBOUF UBNCJÏODBMJmDBOFOUÏSNJOPT
WBMPS EF MB FTDVFMB NFEJB MPT KØWFOFT SFTQPOEFO EF NBOFSB QPTJUJWPTBTVTFTDVFMBT TVTQSPGFTPSFT MPTDPOUFOJEPTRVFMFT
TPSQSFOEFOUF FOUÏSNJOPTNVZTJNJMBSFTBMPTEFMPTBEVMUPT" FOTF×BOZMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTEFMBFOTF×BO[B
HSBOEFTSBTHPT MPTEBUPTEFMBFODVFTUBSFnFKBORVFQBSBMBTOVF
WBTHFOFSBDJPOFTMBFEVDBDJØODPOUJOÞBUFOJFOEPVOWBMPSTJN -PJOUFSFTBOUFFTRVFTVEJTDVSTPTFBMFKBEFMUPOPOPTUÈM
CØMJDPGVOEBNFOUBM"VORVFTFHVSBNFOUFFOGPSNBNÈTGSÈHJM HJDPRVFFOBSCPMBONVDIPTBEVMUPT)BZRVFEFTUBDBSRVFFO
RVFBOUFT MBFTDVFMBSFQSFTFOUBMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFiTFSBMHVJFOw MB MPTÞMUJNPTUJFNQPT FMEFCBUFFOFMÈNCJUPFEVDBUJWPTFFO
CÞTRVFEBEFVOFTQBDJPEFTVQFSBDJØO VOBGSPOUFSBRVFEJGFSFO DVFOUSBTFTHBEPQPSMBBMVTJØOBVOQBTBEPJEÓMJDPEFMBFEVDB
DJBFOUSFRVJFOUJFOFFTUVEJPTEFBRVFMRVFEFCFBCBOEPOBSMPT DJØO6OSFQBTPQPSMBTEJTDVTJPOFTFOPUSBTMBUJUVEFTQFSNJUF
QFSPUBNCJÏOBRVFMMBJOTUJUVDJØORVFQSPNFUF ZRVJ[ÈCSJOEFB FODPOUSBS QFTFBMBTEJGFSFODJBTEFDPOUFYUP SBTHPTTJNJMBSFT
NVDIPT MBTFOTBDJØOEFTFSJHVBMBMPUSP6OBNVFTUSBEFFMMP &O&TQB×BMPTEJBSJPTNÈTJNQPSUBOUFTSFnFKBOMBQSFPDVQB
FTMBSFTQVFTUBBMBQSFHVOUBTPCSFTJFTUÈOEFBDVFSEPPOPDPO DJØOQPSMBDPOWJWFODJBFOMBTBVMBT MPTOJWFMFTEFWJPMFODJB
MBGSBTFi-BFEVDBDJØOBZVEBBRVFUPEPTUFOHBNPTMBTNJTNBT FOUSFMPTBMVNOPTZEFFMMPTIBDJBTVTQSPGFTPSFT ZMPTQSP
PQPSUVOJEBEFTw FOVODJBEPRVFSFQSFTFOUBFMPQUJNJTNPQFEB CMFNBTFOMBGPSNBDJØO DPNPFMFNFOUPTEFGFOØNFOPTRVF
HØHJDPRVFFTUVWPFOMBCBTFEFMBFYQBOTJØOFEVDBUJWB&M iBOUFTOPQBTBCBOw1PSTVQBSUF'SBOÎPJT%VCFU
TF×B
EFMPTBMVNOPTFODVFTUBEPTTFNVFTUSBEFBDVFSEP NÈT JODMVTP MBQBSBFMDBTPGSBODÏTMBHFOFSBMJ[BDJØOEFVOTFOUJNJFOUPEF
RVFMPRVFPQJOBOMPTEPDFOUFT
&TUBBmSNBDJØODPODFOUSBVO DSJTJTRVFFOHFOESBVOBTFOTBDJØOEFOPTUBMHJBQPSMBFTDVFMB
BNQMJPDPOTFOTP UBOUPSFHJPOBMDPNPQPSHÏOFSP ZUJFOFQPS EFMQBTBEP PMWJEBOEPQBVMBUJOBNFOUFTVTEFGFDUPT&MBVUPS
DFOUBKFTTJNJMBSFTFOBMVNOPTEFFTDVFMBTQÞCMJDBTZQSJWBEBTZFO OPT SFDVFSEB RVF MPT USBCBKPT EF #PVSEJFV Z 1BTTFSPO RVF
MPTEJTUJOUPTOJWFMFTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPT&MOPSUFEFMQBÓTSFÞOFMPT EFOVODJBSPOFOMPTB×PTTFUFOUBMBDPNQMJDJEBEEFMTJTUFNB
WBMPSFTNÈTBMUPTEFDPJODJEFODJBDPOMBGSBTFUBOUPFM/0" DPO FTDPMBSDPOMBSFQSPEVDDJØOEFMBTEFTJHVBMEBEFTTPDJBMFT IBO
FM DPNPFM/&"
TPOMBTSFHJPOFTRVFSFÞOFOFM JEPEFTBQBSFDJFOEPEFMJNBHJOBSJPDPMFDUJWP FOCFOFmDJPEF
QPSDFOUBKFEFSFTQVFTUBTBmSNBUJWBTNÈTFMFWBEP BMBTDVBMFTTF VOBNJSBEBRVFFNCFMMFDFFMQBTBEP EFiMPTCVFOPTZWJFKPT
BHSFHB$VZP
WFSDVBESPEFMBOFYP
UJFNQPTw

$VBESP {2VÏ FOUJEBE UJFOF FO MPT BDUVBMFT BMVNOPT FTUB NJSBEB
1FSDFQDJPOFTEFMPTFTUVEJBOUFTPCSFFMWBMPSEFMBFEVDBDJØO JEÓMJDBEFMQBTBEP {$VÈOUPEFFMMBTFmMUSBFOMPTEJTDVSTPTEF
MPTFTUVEJBOUFT {)BTUBRVÏQVOUPDPNQBSUFOMPTEJBHOØTUJDPT
%FBDVFSEP
-BFEVDBDJØOBZVEBBRVFUPEPT FMBCPSBEPTBDFSDBEFMBTJUVBDJØOEFMBFTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJB 6OB
&OEFTBDVFSEP
UFOHBNPTMBTNJTNBTPQPSUVOJEBEFT GPSNBEFBEFOUSBSOPTFOMBEJTDVTJØOFTDPOUSBQPOJFOEPMBT
/4/$
TFOTBDJPOFTEFKØWFOFTZBEVMUPTFOUPSOPBMBTJUVBDJØOBDUVBM
5PUBM
EF MB FTDVFMB NFEJB5BM DPNP NVFTUSB FM TJHVJFOUF DVBESP
FOMÓOFBTHFOFSBMFTMPTBMVNOPTFTUÈOEJWJEJEPTSFTQFDUPEFTJ

-B QSFHVOUB GVF i.F HVTUBSÓB TBCFS TJ FTUÈT EF BDVFSEP P FTUÈT FO MBFTDVFMBBDUVBMFTNFKPSPQFPSRVFBOUFT"OUFMBDPOTVMUB
EFTBDVFSEPDPOMBTTJHVJFOUFTGSBTFTyw TPCSFTJiMBFTDVFMBNFEJBBDUVBMFTNFKPSRVFBOUFTwFMTF

15/40
NVFTUSBEFBDVFSEPDPOMBGSBTFDPOUSBVO RVFFYQSFTB ZFDUPSJBFEVDBUJWBZFMOJWFMTPDJPFDPOØNJDPEFMPTBMVNOPT

TVEFTBDVFSEP WFSDVBESPEFMBOFYP
1PSVOMBEP TPSQSFOEFRVFQBSBDBTJMBNJUBE FM
EF
BRVFMMPT BMVNOPT RVF UJFOFO USBZFDUPSJB FTDPMBS DPO TPCSF
$VBESP
1FSDFQDJPOFTEFMPTFTUVEJBOUFTPCSFMBFTDVFMBBDUVBMFO TBMUPT MBFTDVFMBNFEJBFTNFKPSBIPSBRVFBOUFT DPOUSBVO
SFMBDJØODPOMBFTDVFMBEFMQBTBEP EF PQJOJPOFT FNJUJEBT QPS RVJFOFT UJFOFO VOB USB
ZFDUPSJB TJO TPCSFTBMUPT EBUP RVF JOEJDB MB DPOUJOVJEBE EF
%FBDVFSEP MB DPOmBO[B FO MB FEVDBDJØO JODMVTP FOUSF RVJFOFT NBZPSFT
-BFTDVFMBNFEJBBDUVBMFTNFKPSRVF
BOUFT
&OEFTBDVFSEP EJmDVMUBEFTFODVFOUSBOFOTVQBTPQPSMBTBVMBT"MBOBMJ[BS
/4/$ MBTSFTQVFTUBTEFBDVFSEPDPOMPTOJWFMFTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPTPC
5PUBM TFSWBNPTRVFFTFOMPTTFDUPSFTQPQVMBSFTEPOEFMBGSBTFSFÞOF
NBZPSFTBQPZPT GSFOUFBM EFTFDUPSFTNFEJPTZ
4JOEVEB MPTBMVNOPTTPTUJFOFOVOBBQSFDJBDJØONÈTQP FM FOTFDUPSFTBMUPT

TJUJWBEFMBFTDVFMBBDUVBMRVFMPTBEVMUPT RVFPQJOBCBONB
ZPSJUBSJBNFOUFFODPOUSBEFMNJTNPFOVODJBEP
4J &MIFDIPEFRVFDBTJMBNJUBEEFMPTKØWFOFTFODVFTUBEPT
PCTFSWBNPTRVJÏOFTTPOMPTRVFKV[HBONÈTEFNPEPQPTJUJWP TPTUFOHB RVF MB FTDVFMB TFDVOEBSJB FT NFKPS BIPSB RVF BO
B MB FTDVFMB BQBSFDFO SB[POFT NÈT DMBSBT 4JHVJFOEP VOB MÓ UFT ZRVFMPTQPSDFOUBKFTNÈTBMUPTTFEFOFOMBTSFHJPOFTEFM
OFBTJNJMBSBMBRVFEFTUBDBNPTQBSBMBBOUFSJPS FTFMOPSUF OPSUF /0"Z/&"
FOUSFBRVFMMPTDPOUSBZFDUPSJBFTDPMBS
EFMQBÓTMB[POBEPOEFTFDPODFOUSBOMPTNBZPSFTQPSDFOUBKFT DPOTPCSFTBMUPTZFOMPTOJWFMFTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPTCBKPTQBSF
EFSFTQVFTUBTQPTJUJWBT"TÓ UBOUPFM/&"
DPNPFM DFCSJOEBSFMFNFOUPTQBSBBmSNBSMBIJQØUFTJTEFRVFFYJTUF
/0"
SFÞOFOVOBMUPOÞNFSPEFSFTQVFTUBTBmSNB FO FTUB GSBOKB EF KØWFOFT VOB TFOTBDJØO EF QSJWJMFHJP QPS MB
UJWBT1PSFMDPOUSBSJP FOMBSFHJØOQBUBHØOJDBZFOMBSFHJØO PQPSUVOJEBEEFBDDFEFSBMTFDVOEBSJP UBOUPFOSFMBDJØODPO
QBNQFBOBFODPOUSBNPTMPTNFOPSFTQPSDFOUBKFT FM Z PUSPTKØWFOFTRVFFMMPTDPOPDFODPNPFODPNQBSBDJØODPOMBT
FM SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF"MDPNQBSBSTFHÞOFMUJQPEFFTUB PQPSUVOJEBEFTEFTVGBNJMJB
CMFDJNJFOUP OPUBNPTRVFFTFOUSFMPTBMVNOPTRVFBTJTUFOB
FTDVFMBTQÞCMJDBTEPOEFOPUBNPTNBZPSOJWFMEFDPJODJEFODJB &TUFBTQFDUPOPTQBSFDFNVZJNQPSUBOUFQBSBFMBOÈMJTJT
DPOMBGSBTFFOSFMBDJØODPOMBTPQJOJPOFTEFMPTFTUVEJBOUFT {$PORVÏQBTBEPTFDPNQBSBPDPORVÏWBSBTFFTUBCMFDFMB
RVF DPODVSSFO B FTDVFMBT QSJWBEBT RVF UJFOEFO B DSFFS RVF DPNQBSBDJØO 4JFMQVOUPEFQBSUJEBFTNÈTCBKP OPIBZUBO
IPZMBTFTDVFMBTOPTPONFKPSFT FOEFTBDVFSEP
UPTNPUJWPTQBSBBEIFSJSBEJTDVSTPTOPTUÈMHJDPTOJQBSBSFNF
NPSBSQBTBEPTHMPSJPTPT&OFMDBTPEFNVDIPTEFMPTKØWFOFT
/PBQBSFDFOEJGFSFODJBTTJHOJmDBUJWBTQPSHÏOFSP QFSPTÓ FODVFTUBEPT TPOMPTQSJNFSPTFOTVTGBNJMJBTRVFBDDFEFOBM
IBZDPOUSBTUFTDMBSPTBMBOBMJ[BSMPTEBUPTTFHÞOFMUJQPEFUSB OJWFMTFDVOEBSJP PRVFFTUÈOFODBNJOPEFUFSNJOBSMP&OFM
DPOKVOUP EF MB NVFTUSB EF BRVFMMPT KØWFOFT QFSUFOFDJFOUFT
B MPT OJWFMFT TPDJPFDPOØNJDPT CBKPT UBO TPMP FM EF TVT

-B QSFHVOUB GVF i.F HVTUBSÓB TBCFS TJ FTUÈT EF BDVFSEP P FTUÈT FO NBESFTZFM EFTVTQBESFTDPNQMFUØFTUVEJPTTFDVOEB
EFTBDVFSEPDPOMBTTJHVJFOUFTGSBTFTyw SJPT NJFOUSBT FO MPT OJWFMFT NFEJPT Z BMUPT MPT QPSDFOUBKFT

16/40
BVNFOUBOEFNPEPDPOTJEFSBCMF EFNBESFTZ OPTMBPCUFODJØOEFVOFNQMFPDPOFMUÓUVMPTFDVOEBSJPZQPS

EFQBESFTEFMPTTFDUPSFTNFEJPT Z EFNBESFTZ FTPTFWVFMDBO FONVDIPTDBTPT BPCKFUJWPTNÈTQFSTPOBMFT
EFQBESFTEFMPTTFDUPSFTBMUPTDVFOUBDPOFTUVEJPTTFDVOEBSJPT iRVFTFBOCVFOBTQFSTPOBTw
FMUFNBBERVJFSFNBZPSHSBWJ
UFSNJOBEPT
$SFFNPTRVFFTUFQVOUPNVDIBTWFDFTFTTVCFT UBDJØOQBSBMPTFTUVEJBOUFTFODVFTUBEPT RVFBEFNÈTDVSTBOFM
UJNBEP UBOUP QPS FM EJTDVSTP DPNÞO EPDFOUF DPNP QPS MPT BOUFÞMUJNPB×PEFTVFTDPMBSJEBE
BOÈMJTJTEFMBTPDJPMPHÓBEFMBFEVDBDJØO
.VDIPTEFMPTKØWFOFTFODVFTUBEPTQBSFDFOTFSDPOTDJFOUFT
&OFTUFTFOUJEP DBCFSFWJTBSMPTFMFNFOUPTRVFEFmOÓBOFM EFRVFMBNPWJMJEBEFEVDBUJWBRVFMPHSBSÈODPNPBMVNOPT
TFOUJEPEFMBFTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJB&MMBGVFVODBOBMJNQPSUBO QFSNBOFDJFOEPNÈTUJFNQPRVFTVTQBESFTFOMBTBVMBT OP
UF EF NPWJMJEBE TPDJBM RVF BVORVF OP TJFNQSF DVNQMÓB BM OFDFTBSJBNFOUFUSBFSÈBQBSFKBEBNPWJMJEBETPDJBM4BCFORVF
NFOPTQSPNFUÓBVOIPSJ[POUFEFJOUFHSBDJØOTPDJBM.VDIPT FMQBTPQPSMBFTDVFMBNFEJBOPHBSBOUJ[BEFNBOFSBBVUPNÈ
BOBMJTUBTTF×BMBORVFFMEFTBSSPMMPUFNQSBOPEFMTJTUFNBFEV UJDBMBDPODSFDJØOEFFTUBJMVTJØO0USPTGBDUPSFTEFNPWJMJEBE
DBUJWPBSHFOUJOPDPOUSJCVZØBMBDPOGPSNBDJØOEFVOBQPEF TPDJBM UBMFTDPNPMPTDBQJUBMFTRVFVOPQVFEBQPOFSFOKVFHP
SPTBDMBTFNFEJB RVFBTVWF[WFSUFCSØVOBTPDJFEBEDPOQBV QBSFDFOSFDPCSBSQSFQPOEFSBODJB
UBTNFOPTDMBTJTUBT NFOPTTFHNFOUBEBTZNÈTJOUFHSBEBTRVF
PUSBT EF "NÏSJDB MBUJOB 5FEFTDP 5JSBNPOUJ
&TUBHFOFSBDJØOQBSFDFUSBOTJUBSMBFTDVFMBDPOJEFBTEJTUJOUBT
&MMPEBCBBMBFTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJBVODBSÈDUFSDBTJTBHSBEP Z EFMBTRVFUVWJFSPOPUSBTHFOFSBDJPOFT1FSPMPRVFRVJTJÏSBNPT
TFOUØMBTCBTFTEFVODPOTFOTPFYUFOEJEPTPCSFTVTDBSBDUF FOGBUJ[BSFTRVF BMDPOUSBSJPEFMPRVFDSFFONVDIPTBEVMUPT FTP
SÓTUJDBT"TÓ EVSBOUFCVFOBQBSUFEFMTJHMPĩĩTFMVDIØQPSMB OPRVJFSFEFDJSRVFOPMBWBMPSFO-BDPNCJOBDJØOEFNPWJMJ
BNQMJBDJØOEFMDVSSÓDVMPIVNBOJTUB QFSDJCJEPDPNPFMNÈT EBEFEVDBUJWBTJOQPTJCJMJEBEFTEFBTDFOTPTPDJBMOPJNQMJDBRVF
EFNPDSÈUJDP QPS FTB DMBTF NFEJB FO BTDFOTP BOUFT RVF QPS FMQBTPQPSMBTBVMBTQJFSEBTFOUJEP.ÈTBVO QVFEFPCTFSWBSTF
VOBEJWFSTJmDBDJØOEFPGFSUBTGPSNBUJWBT %VTTFM
RVFUPEBWÓBQFSTJTUFOTFOUJEPTDMÈTJDPT.VDIPTBMVNOPTDSFFO
RVFMBFTDVFMBEFCFCSJOEBSJHVBMEBEEFPQPSUVOJEBEFT1FTFB
&TUB GVODJØO EF NPWJMJEBE TPDJBM BTDFOEFOUF TF TPTUVWP MBEFTWBMPSJ[BDJØOEFMBTDSFEFODJBMFT FTUÈODPOWFODJEPTEFRVF
NJFOUSBT FMNFSDBEP EF USBCBKPTFGVF BNQMJBOEP Z MPTEF MBQPTFTJØOEFMUÓUVMPTFDVOEBSJPEFNBSDBGSPOUFSBT USBZFDUPSJBT
SFDIPTTPDJBMFTGVFSPOHBOBOEPUFSSFOP-BTÞMUJNBTEÏDBEBT EJGFSFOUFTDBNJOPT$SFFORVFFSJHFZEFmOFEJTUJOUBTJNÈHFOFT
TJOFNCBSHP TFIBODBSBDUFSJ[BEPQPSDSJTJTFDPOØNJDB BMUPT TPCSFFMGVUVSPUFOFSPOPUSBCBKP QPEFSFTUVEJBS USBCBKBSFOMP
ÓOEJDFT EF EFTFNQMFP SFDFTJØO FDPOØNJDB Z nFYJCJMJ[BDJØO RVFMFHVTUBPQBSBMPDVBMTFQSFQBSØ USBCBKBSQBSBHBOBSEJOFSPP
EFMNFSDBEPEFUSBCBKP{2VÏTFOUJEPBERVJFSFFMFTUBSFOMB QPSRVFMPOFDFTJUB TFSCFOFmDJBSJPEFVOQMBOTPDJBM EFTUJOPRVF
FTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJBFONPNFOUPTEFQSFDBSJFEBEEFMNFSDBEP MPTKØWFOFTSFTFSWBOQBSBRVJFOFTOPMPHSBODPODMVJSMPTFTUVEJPT
EFUSBCBKP {%FRVÏNBOFSBTFBSUJDVMBOMBTQPTJCJMJEBEFTEF 5BMDPNPFOGBUJ[BFMKPWFODPOFMDVBMJOJDJBNPTFTUFBQBSUBEP FO
USBOTJUBSEVSBOUFNÈTB×PTMBFTDPMBSJEBEZMBQFSTQFDUJWBEF VOQBÓTRVFUJFOEFBQFOTBSTFFODSJTJTQFSNBOFOUF TFSFWBMPSJ[B
RVFFMQBTPQPSMBFTDVFMBOPJNQMJRVFBTDFOEFSTPDJBMNFOUF FMFTGVFS[PRVFJNQMJDBMBBTJTUFODJBZQFSNBOFODJBFOMBTBVMBT
4JFTPBQBSFDFFOBMHVOBNFEJEBFOMBTPQJOJPOFTEFMPTEP &TRVF KVTUBNFOUFFOVODPOUFYUPEFDSFDJFOUFJOEJWJEVBMJ[B
DFOUFT RVFTBCFORVFZBOPQVFEFOHBSBOUJ[BSMFTBTVTBMVN DJØO MBDPNQBSBDJØOVOPBVOPZMBDPNQFUFODJBDPOMPTQBSFT

17/40
BDSFDJFOUBOFMWBMPSEFMBQPTFTJØOEFMUÓUVMPTFDVOEBSJP BTÓDPNP UFSDJBSJPw PQDJØOQSJPSJ[BEBQPSMBTNVKFSFT

QPSBMVN
MBTFMFDDJPOFTRVFMBQFSTPOBQVFEBSFBMJ[BS OPTEFFTDVFMBTQSJWBEBT
FOMBSFHJØONFUSPQPMJUBOBEF
#VFOPT"JSFT
ZQPSMPTTFDUPSFTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPTNFEJPTZ
0USPT EBUPT SFGVFS[BO FTUF BOÈMJTJT 1PS FKFNQMP DVBOEP BMUPT Z
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21/40
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SBODPOUSFTQBMBCSBTBTVFTDVFMB4FUSBUBCBEFVOBQSFHVOUB SFTQVFTUBTEFMPTEPDFOUFT FOUSFRVJFOFTMBTQBMBCSBTWJODV

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1PSÞMUJNP EFCFNPTBDMBSBSRVFJODMVJNPTFOFMDVBESPFM {2VJÏOFTTPOFTPTPUSPT "OUFUPEP TPOPUSPTBEPMFTDFOUFT

ÓUFNiBCVSSJEPwQFTFBMCBKPQPSDFOUBKFEFSFTQVFTUBTSFVOJEP&T TPOMPTQBSFT%JWFSTPTFTUVEJPTIBONPTUSBEPRVFMBFTDVFMB
VOMVHBSDPNÞOTF×BMBSRVFMPTKØWFOFTTFBCVSSFOFOMBFTDVF TFDVOEBSJB TPCSFUPEPBQBSUJSEFMBTFHVOEBNJUBEEFMTJHMP
MB "OUFMPZ"CSBNPXTLJ
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QSJNBMBDPOUJOVJEBEEFMFODVFOUSPFOUSFQBSFT OPTFUSBUBEF DBUJWBFMBQSFOEJ[BKFEFMBSFMBDJØODPOMPTPUSPT-PTEJTDVSTPT
VOiFTUBSKVOUPTwTJONÈT4FUSBUBEFFTUBSKVOUPTBUSBWFTBOEP RVFFMBCPSBOSFJOUSPEVDFOMBTSFMBDJPOFTQFSTPOBMFTRVFFTUSVD
VOBTFSJFEFQSPDFTPTRVFTPOQSPQJPTEFTVFEBE ZTFUSBUB UVSBOBMTVKFUPFOMBTTFOTBDJPOFTFYQFSJNFOUBEBTFOMBFTDPMBSJ
UBNCJÏO EFFTUBSKVOUPTFOVOFTQBDJPGPSNBUJWP [BDJØONFEJB)BCSÓB FOUPODFT RVFQMBOUFBSGSPOUFSBTNFOPT

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DMBSBTFOUSFMPQÞCMJDPZMPQSJWBEP MPBGFDUJWPZMPDPHOJUJWP JEFOUJUBSJB &O FMMB BQSFOEFSÈO B FTUBS DPO PUSPT MPHSBSÈO
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FTUVEJBFMQFTPEFMBTQBTJPOFTFOMBWJEBDPOUFNQPSÈOFB iMB BUSBWFTBSÈOVOBTFSJFEFJODFSUJEVNCSFTZCÞTRVFEBTJEFOUJ
DVFTUJØOEFMPTBGFDUPTWJFOFBQSPCMFNBUJ[BS VOBWF[NÈT MB UBSJBT EFCFSÈOMJEJBSDPOQSPCMFNBTQSPQJPTEFTVDPOEJDJØO
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FOUSFMPSBDJPOBMZMPBGFDUJWP TF×BMBOEPOVFWBTWÓBTJOUFSQSFUB
UJWBTQBSBFMBOÈMJTJTEFMPTGFOØNFOPTTPDJBMFTJEFOUJmDBDJPOFT &TJOUFSFTBOUFRVFMPTBEPMFTDFOUFTTF×BMFOBMBFTDVFMBTFDVO
BHSVQBNJFOUPT QFSUFOFODJBT NFNPSJBT DPMFDUJWBTw "SGVDI EBSJB DPNP VOB FUBQB IBDJFOEP SFGFSFODJB FYQMÓDJUB B TV UFN
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EFOPNJOBUSBOTJDJPOFTBMUFSOBUJWBT
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MBTOVFWBTHFOFSBDJPOFTCVTDBO ZNVDIBTWFDFTFODVFOUSBO FO JOTUJUVDJPOFT&TFQVOUPEFMMFHBEBFTBMHPDBNCJBOUFFMNVO
MBFTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJB EPBEVMUPZBOPFTMBÞOJDBSFGFSFODJBEPOEFTFDPOTUSVZFOMBT
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ZFEVDBDJØO PFOUSFTPDJBMJ[BDJØOZFOTF×BO[B MBFTDVFMBTFDVOEBSJBDPNPVOBFUBQB VOBTVFSUFEFSJUPEF
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UVEJBOUFTSFTDBUBOMBFTDVFMBDPNPFTQBDJPEFSFDPOPDJNJFOUP EFCFOTPSUFBSDBTJDPNPPCMJHBDJØO ZBRVFiOFDFTJUÈTFTUVEJP
EFEFSFDIPT EFEFTBSSPMMPQFSTPOBMZEFUJFNQPWJUBMJNQPS TFDVOEBSJPQBSBDVBMRVJFSDPTBw
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FTDVFMB BQBSFDF DPNP VOB FUBQB EF USBOTJDJØO Z DPOTUSVDDJØO FTDVFMBT ZGVFSBEFFMMBT
BQBSFDFDPNPUPUBMEFTPSHBOJ[BDJØO

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FTQFSDJCJEPQPSMPTFTUVEJBOUFT BMNFOPTQPSVOBNBZPSÓB IMPORTANTE! FOMBDVBMMBFTDVFMBFTFTQBDJPEFFODVFOUSPZQSFQBSBDJØO

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OFTRVFQBSUJDJQBSPOFOMPTHSVQPTGPDBMFTEFTBSSPMMBEPTFOMB TJHOJmDBUJWPi4JOPFYJTUJFSBMBFTDVFMB UFBCVSSJSÓBTEFOP
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SBOOPFTUVEJBSÓB TJOPNFPCMJHBOBMFFSOPMFPZIBZMJCSPT QPOTBCJMJEBEFODJNBNVZEFSFQFOUFw0USPKPWFO FOFTUF
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FOGBUJ[BO MPT BMVNOPT NVFTUSB VOB SFGFSFODJB JOEJWJEVBM B
UJWBTTJTPMPBMHVOPTEFMPTEPDFOUFTBDFSDBOFTFDPOPDJNJFOUP
DJFSUPTEPDFOUFTZOPBMBJOTUJUVDJØO4JOQPSFMMPDPMBQTBS
WBMPSBEP &OQSJNFSMVHBS DBCFBDMBSBSRVFMBSFTQVFTUBOPTF
MBBVUPSJEBEEFMBJOTUJUVDJØODPNPDFOUSPEFMTBCFSTFFSP
FODVFOUSBFYFOUBEFMØHJDB ZBRVFFTQSÈDUJDBNFOUFJNQPTJ
TJPOB ZTVSHFOFODBNCJPBVUPSJEBEFTNÈTQBSUJDVMBSFTRVF
CMFRVFUPEPTMPTEPDFOUFTEFVONJTNPFTUBCMFDJNJFOUPFTUÏO
TFKVFHBONÈTJOEJWJEVBMNFOUFQBSBDBEBEPDFOUFZQBSBDBEB
CJFO DBQBDJUBEPT 1PS PUSB QBSUF FM iBMHVOPTw OP JOEJDB VO
HSVQP 6OB WF[ NÈT IBZ RVF IBDFS SFGFSFODJB B MB JEFB EF
QPSDFOUBKF%FDVBMRVJFSNPEP QPEFNPTIJQPUFUJ[BSBMHVOBT
OFHPDJBDJØOQFSNBOFOUFZQBSUJDVMBSRVFPSHBOJ[BMPTJOUFS
DVFTUJPOFTSFTQFDUPEFFTUBWBMPSBDJØOEFiBMHVOPTwQSPGFTPSFT
DBNCJPTFOMBFTDVFMBNFEJB DPNPMPIBOTF×BMBEPMBTJOWFT
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*ODMVJNPT BNCBT PQDJPOFT BVORVF TPO JNQSFDJTBT ZB RVF QFSNJUFO
TBMJSTFEFMBSFTQVFTUBQSPNFEJPZEJTUJOHVJSFOUSFMBFTDBTF[ZMBQSFTFODJB
-BQSFHVOUBGVFi{$VÈOUPTEFMPTQSPGFTPSFTEFUVFTDVFMBUJFOFOFTBT
TJHOJmDBUJWB BVORVFOPUPUBM DBSBDUFSÓTUJDBT w

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&TUFQSPDFTPPDVSSFFONPNFOUPTFORVFFMOJWFMTFDVO OPDJNJFOUPT ZTPOQMBOUFBEBTDPOEJTUJOUBJOUFOTJEBEZÏO

EBSJPZBOPDPODFOUSBFMNPOPQPMJPEFMBDVMUVSBMFHJUJNBEB GBTJTFOMPTEJGFSFOUFTHSVQPTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPT-PTBMVNOPT
1FSPQFTFBMEFCJMJUBNJFOUPEFMDBSÈDUFSTBHSBEPEFMPTTBCFSFT EFTFDUPSFTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPTNFEJPTZBMUPT TJORVFFYJTUBO
RVFTFFOTF×BOZBQSFOEFOFOMBFTDVFMB EFCJEPFOQBSUFBMB EJGFSFODJBT SFHJPOBMFT DSJUJDBO MPT FTUJMPT QFEBHØHJDPT QPDP
GBDJMJEBEEFBDDFEFSBPUSPTTBCFSFTZBTFBBUSBWÏTEFMBTOVFWBT BDUVBMJ[BEPTZEJTUBOUFTEFMBFYQFSJFODJBQSÈDUJDBZDPUJEJBOB
UFDOPMPHÓBTPQPSMBEJTQBSJEBEEFBVUPSJEBEFTDVMUVSBMFT FTUP 5BNCJÏOBMHVOPTDPOUFOJEPTEFMDVSSÓDVMPZFMFTUJMPBVUPSJ
OPMMFWBBVOSFDIB[PQPSQBSUFEFMPTBMVNOPTEFMPTDPOUFOJEPT UBSJPEFBMHVOPTQSPGFTPSFT4FOTBDJPOFTRVFTF×BMBO FOTFD
RVFTFMFTUSBOTNJUFO&OMÓOFBTHFOFSBMFT FOMBTPQJOJPOFTEF UPSFTTPDJBMFTNFEJPBMUPT MBEFNBOEBEFVOBBSHVNFOUBDJØO
MPTBMVNOPTBQBSFDFOCBKPTOJWFMFTEFDSÓUJDBTPCSFTVFTDVFMB DPOWJODFOUF ZEFEJÈMPHPZSFTQFUP&MMPTWBMPSBO ZSFDVFS
ZFTDBTPTDVFTUJPOBNJFOUPTBDFSDBEFMUJQPEFDPOUFOJEPTRVF EBONÈT BRVJFOFTEFTQMJFHBOFOMBTBVMBTJOUFOUPTEJGFSFOUFT
TFFOTF×BO$PNPTF×BMBNPTFOMBJOUSPEVDDJØO FTUPQVFEF Z EJOÈNJDPT QBSB MB USBOTNJTJØO EF DPOPDJNJFOUPT B BRVF
EFCFSTFBMFGFDUPEFMiQFSCFOJTNPw EFMBEJmDVMUBEQBSBBS MMPTiQSPGFTPSFTDPOHBOBTEFFOTF×BSw WBSØO .FOEP[B
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TF×BMBOBMHVOPTFTUVEJPTPTEFMBKVWFOUVE RVFGSFOUFBVOB bajos disconformes QPCSFDJEB FO DPOUFOJEPT Z FYJHFODJB RVF SFGVFS[B JNÈHFOFT
JOTUBODJBMFHJUJNBEBEFUSBOTNJTJØOEFMTBCFS MPTKØWFOFTFT EFNBSHJOBDJØOTPDJBMZEJTDSJNJOBDJØO ZFOMBRVFTFQSFTUB
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WFSUBNCJÏODØNPTFJODMVZFTVQFSTQFDUJWBNÈTJOUFHSBEBZ NPTRVFBMHVOPTQJEFORVFMFTEFONÈTIPSBTFOMPTQSJNFSPT
DPOGPSNJTUB B×PT PUSPT RVFMPTQSFQBSFOCJFOQBSBMBVOJWFSTJEBEPQBSB
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4F×BMBEBTFTUBTDVFTUJPOFT RVFEBQPSDPOPDFSIBDJBEØOEF SFTUFOHBOHBOBTEFFOTF×BS RVFFOTF×FOUPEPFMQSPHSBNBw
TFPSJFOUBOTVTEFNBOEBT-PTBMVNOPTEFTUBDBORVFMPTJN PiMPNJTNPFOQSPWJODJBRVFFODBQJUBMw DPNPFYQSFTBOEPT
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HJDPTZFYJTUFJOUFSDBNCJPEFPQJOJPOFT-BTDSÓUJDBTRVFFTCP QPMJUBOBEF#VFOPT"JSFT4PODPOTDJFOUFTEFRVFIBZPGFSUBT
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ZBMBTBDUJWJEBEFTQSPQVFTUBT BOUFTRVFBGPSNVMBSBMUFSOBUJ MBNFKPSQBSUF-BTPQJOJPOFTTPOTJNJMBSFTFOPUSBTSFHJPOFT
WBTFODVBOUPBMPTDPOUFOJEPT-BTEFNBOEBTTFFODVFOUSBO EFMQBÓT-PTFTUVEJBOUFTTF×BMBORVFFOUSFMPTEPDFOUFTiIBZ
PSJFOUBEBTBMNPEPFORVFTFQSPEVDFMBUSBOTNJTJØOEFDP BMHVOPTRVFEFDØNPEPTOPTEFKBOIBDFSMPRVFRVFSFNPTw

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WBSØO $PSSJFOUFT
NJFOUSBTPUSPTiWJFOFOZTFTJFOUBOZOP FTDVFMBDPNPVOFTQBDJPEFSFTHVBSEP DPNPVOUJFNQPQSP
IBDFOOBEBw NVKFS .FOEP[B
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MPTEPDFOUFTBQBSFDFOBMMÓNBZPSFTOJWFMFTEFDPOGPSNJEBEZ DPMFDUJWBT&YJTUFOQPDPTEFTBGÓPTBMBJOTUJUVDJØOFOGVODJØO
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CBKPT OJWFMFT EF DSÓUJDB Z HSBEPT DPOTJEFSBCMFT EF DPOmBO[B OVFWBTHFOFSBDJPOFT TJHVJFOEPFMDMJNBDVMUVSBMEFMBÏQPDB
FOMBJOTUJUVDJØOFTDPMBS&TUBNPT QVFT BOUFVOBFTDVFMBTF TFFODVFOUSBOQPDPJOWPMVDSBEBTFOBMHVOBTEJNFOTJPOFTEF
DVOEBSJB RVF BERVJFSF VO TFOUJEP DPODSFUP QBSB MBT OVFWBT MBWJEBTPDJBMPRVJ[È NFKPSEJDIP FTUÏOJOUFSFTBEBTQPSEJGF
HFOFSBDJPOFT FT FTQBDJP EF TPDJBCJMJEBE Z FODVFOUSP DPO FM SFOUFTDVFTUJPOFT:UJFOEFOBBTVNJSTVGSBDBTPPEJmDVMUBEFT
PUSP TFFODVFOUSBBMUBNFOUFWBMPSBEBFOTVTDPOUFOJEPT FO DPNPBMHPJOEJWJEVBM RVFTFPSJHJOBFOFMMBTNJTNBT1PSFTP
MBQSFQBSBDJØOEFMPTQSPGFTPSFTZMFHJUJNBEBFOTVQSFUFOTJØO OPEFCFTPSQSFOEFSOPTRVFOPIBZBEJGFSFODJBTTJHOJmDBUJWBT
EFCSJOEBSBUPEPTMBTNJTNBTPQPSUVOJEBEFT-PTBMVNOPT FOMBWBMPSBDJØOEFMPTDPOUFOJEPTZGPSNBTEFMBFOTF×BO[B
NÈT RVF DVFTUJPOBS MB MFHJUJNJEBE EF MPT DPOUFOJEPT RVF TF como se sienten FOUSFRVJFOFTUJFOFOVOBUSBZFDUPSJBFTDPMBSTJOTPCSFTBMUPTZ
FOTF×BO QJEFORVFMFTFYJKBONÈT5BNCJÏOOPUBNPTRVF TJ los alumnos RVJFOFTIBOQBTBEPQPSMBFYQFSJFODJBEFMBCBOEPOPFTDPMBS
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TVFTDVFMB IBZBTQFDUPTRVFDSJUJDBO DPOEJGFSFOUFÏOGBTJTTF
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GPSNBDJØOTFBNFKPS OPQVFEFWFSRVÏBTQFDUPTEFTVQSPQVFTUBOPFTUÈOGVODJP
OBOEP&OUÏSNJOPTEFVOBTFTUVEJPTBTFTQB×PMBT MPTBMVN
0USBWF[ OPTQSFHVOUBNPTTPCSFDØNPFYQMJDBSFTUFCBKP OPTIBOJOUFSOBMJ[BEPVOBiJEFOUJEBEFTDPMBSEFmDJUBSJBw RVF
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UB .ÈTCJFOQSFGFSJNPTEFDJSRVFMPTBMVNOPTTFNBOJmFTUBO DJPOFTBMGSBDBTPFTDPMBS 4VTJOPTZPUSPT

DPOGPSNFT DPO MP RVF FODVFOUSBO FO MBT BVMBT -B TBUJTGBD
DJØODPOMPRVFPDVSSFQVFSUBTBEFOUSPQVFEFEFCFSTFBEJ
WFSTBT DJSDVOTUBODJBT 1PS VO MBEP FO MB WBMPSBDJØO QPTJUJWB
-PT BMVNOPT UBNQPDP UJFOFO BDUJUVEFT RVF TF BTFNFKFO B BRVFMMBT
QVFEFOWFSTFMPTFGFDUPTEFMBGPSNBFTDPMBS EFMBHSBNÈUJDB EFTDSJQUBTFOEJWFSTPTFTUVEJPTFO&TQB×BEVSBOUFMPTB×PTPDIFOUBCBKP
EFMBFTDVFMB RVFIBDFRVFQFSTJTUBOMBTNJTNBTDBUFHPSÓBTZ FMOPNCSFEFQBTPUJTNP KØWFOFTRVFiQBTBCBOEFUPEPw OJDSFFNPTRVF
TFBOTVKFUPTDBMDVMBEPSFTRVF TJOJNQMJDBSTFEFNBTJBEPFOTVQBTPQPSMBT
DPODFQUPT QBSB EFmOJS RVÏ FT VOB CVFOB FTDVFMB 1PS PUSP BVMBT EJTGSVUBOEFMCFOFmDJPEFFTUBSFOMBFTDVFMB EFMBPCUFODJØOEFM
SFDPSEFNPTRVFMPTKØWFOFTWBMPSBOEFNPEPNBZPSJUBSJPBMB UÓUVMP DPNPTPTUJFOFODJFSUPTBOÈMJTJTNÈTFDPOPNJDJTUBT

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1FSPQPSPUSBQBSUF UBNCJÏOFTOFDFTBSJPFOGBUJ[BS DPNP DBSBDUFSJ[BEPT QPS VO CVFO DMJNB P QPS QBVUBT EF JOUFSBDDJØO
UFOEFODJBHFOFSBM MBGBMUBEFNFDBOJTNPTFOMBTJOTUJUVDJPOFT SFTQFUVPTBT UBOUPFOMBTBVMBTDPNPGVFSBEFFMMBT FTVOBEFMBT
RVFJOTUFOBMPTBMVNOPTBQBSUJDJQBS MBBVTFODJBEFVOBQSP DVFTUJPOFTRVFNÈTQSFPDVQBOBMPTEPDFOUFT MPTQBESFTZMPT
NPDJØOEFMB[PTFOUSFFTDVFMBZDPNVOJEBE ZMBDPOTPMJEB BMVNOPT1PSTVQBSUF EFTEFMBTBVUPSJEBEFTNJOJTUFSJBMFTTFGP
DJØOEFFTUSVDUVSBTFYDFTJWBNFOUFKFSÈSRVJDBTRVFEJmDVMUBO NFOUØ MB DPODSFDJØO EF OVFWBT NBOFSBT EF FTUSVDUVSBS MB EJT
MBUFOEFODJBBDPNQSPNFUFSTFNÈTFOFMEÓBBEÓBFTDPMBS4J DJQMJOBBUSBWÏTEF$POTFKPTZ3FHMBNFOUPTEF$POWJWFODJB FM
DPNCJOBNPTBMHVOBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTTPDJBMFTZDVMUVSBMFTDPO JNQVMTP B MBT mHVSBT EF UVUPSFT P NFEJBEPSFT Z FM SFFNQMB[P
MBDVMUVSBFTDPMBSNÈTUÓQJDBRVFOPIBDFEFNBTJBEPMVHBSB EFMBTBNPOFTUBDJPOFTQPSTJTUFNBTNÈTFTDBMPOBEPTZSFnFYJWPT
MPTKØWFOFT OPEFCFFYUSB×BSOPT FOUPODFT RVFOPBQBSF[DBO RVFUSBUBEFDSFBSVONFKPSDMJNBEFUSBCBKPFOMBTFTDVFMBT
GPSNVMBDJPOFT EFTBmBOUFT TPCSF MPT DPOUFOJEPT P MB DVMUVSB
FTDPMBS {2VÏQJFOTBOMPTKØWFOFTTPCSFMPRVFPDVSSFDPOMBDPOWJ
WFODJB FO TVT BVMBT &M EF MPT FODVFTUBEPT EFTUBDB RVF
'JOBMNFOUF EFCFSFDPSEBSTFFMWBMPSEFMBTDVFTUJPOFTWJO MBDPOWJWFODJBFOTVTFTDVFMBTFTCVFOB/PFYJTUFOEJGFSFODJBT
DVMBSFT RVF DPNPWJNPT TPOMBTRVFEFmOFONBZPSNFOUF TJHOJmDBUJWBTQPSOJWFMFTTPDJPFDPOØNJDPTOJQPSHÏOFSP&OFTUB
MPRVFBDPOUFDFFOMBTBVMBT-BTEFNBOEBTZDSÓUJDBTEFMPT QSJNFSBQSFHVOUB MBTEJGFSFODJBTNÈTOPUPSJBTTFEBOQPSFMUJQP
KØWFOFTTFEJSJHFONVDIPNÈTIBDJBMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTKVTUBTP EFFTUBCMFDJNJFOUPBMDVBMDPODVSSFOMPTBMVNOPTFM EF
JOKVTUBTEFMBBVUPSJEBE PBMBEJTDSJNJOBDJØORVFWFOFOTVT RVJFOFTBTJTUFOBFTDVFMBTQSJWBEBTNBOJmFTUBRVFMBTSFMBDJPOFT
FTDVFMBT RVFIBDJBMPTDPOUFOJEPTZGPSNBTEFMBFOTF×BO[B FOUSFBMVNOPTZEPDFOUFTTPOCVFOBTDPOUSBTPMPVO RVF
FTDPMBS4PCSFFTUFUFNBOPTEFUFOESFNPTBDPOUJOVBDJØO MPBmSNBFOUSFRVJFOFTDPODVSSFOBFTDVFMBTQÞCMJDBT WÏBTFDVB
ESP BOFYP
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MBTBVMBTTFBVODBNJOPTJOEJmDVMUBEFT-PTEJTDVSTPTEFMPT
BMVNOPTSFnFKBORVFFYJTUFOQSFPDVQBDJPOFT RVFQBSFDJFSBO $VBESP
PSJFOUBSTFBPUSBTDVFTUJPOFTZÈSFBTEFMBWJEBFTDPMBS ZOPBM 1FSDFQDJPOFTEFMPTFTUVEJBOUFTTPCSFMBDPOWJWFODJBFOTV
DVFTUJPOBNJFOUPPMBQSPCMFNBUJ[BDJØOEFBTVOUPTWJODVMBEPT FTDVFMB
BMBTGVODJPOFTNÈTUSBEJDJPOBMFTEFFOTF×BO[B #VFOB
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UJDBTEFNPDSÈUJDBTPBVUPSJUBSJBT1PSFMMP MBDSFBDJØOEFÈNCJUPT -BDPOWJWFODJBFOHFOFSBMw

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-BTSFMBDJPOFTFOUSFFTUVEJBOUFTZQSPGFTPSFTTPOPUSPNP OÞNFSPNVZDPOTJEFSBCMFRVFDSFFRVFFTPTWÓODVMPTOPTPO
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OFTFOUSFBNCPT {$ØNPTFWJODVMBOMPTBMVNOPTFOUSFTÓ -B EPDFOUFT BVNFOUBFMOÞNFSPEFSFTQVFTUBTDSÓUJDBT-BDPOWJ
NJUBE EF MPT BMVNOPT FODVFTUBEPT TF×BMB RVF MBT SFMBDJPOFT WFODJB TFTBCF OPFTUÈFYFOUBEFDPOnJDUP
TPOCVFOBT DVFTUJØOFOGBUJ[BEBFOMBTFTDVFMBTQSJWBEBT5BN
QPDPTFNBOJmFTUBOFOFTUFDBTPEJTQBSJEBEFTTJHOJmDBUJWBTQPS -PRVFTÓQBSFDFFNFSHFSDPOVODPOTFOTPFYUFOEJEPFTMB
HÏOFSP 3FTQFDUP EF MBT SFMBDJPOFT FOUSF BMVNOPT OP FYJTUFO JEFBEFMBFTDVFMBDPNPSFGVHJP MBFTDVFMBDPNPVOFTQBDJP
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