18/4/23, 16:30 Install and Configure mod_rewrite for Apache on CentOS 7 | IONOS DevOps Central

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Instalar y configurar mod_rewrite para Apache en CentOS 7

Creado por hitjethva (../users/profile/hitjethva.html) el 13 de mayo de 2016   apache (tags/Apache.html)
  18 comentarios (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#comments)

  Principiante

Tabla de contenido
Introducción (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#introduction)
Requisitos (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#requirements)
instalar apache (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#install-apache)
Habilitar módulo mod_rewrite (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#enable-mod_rewrite-module)
Habilitar archivo .htaccess (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#enable-.htaccess-file)
Configurar módulo de reescritura (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#configure-rewrite-module)
Redirigir www a no www (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#redirect-www-to-non-www)
Redirigir no www a www (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#redirect-non-www-to-www)
Redirigir todas las páginas del sitio web (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#redirect-all-website-pages)
Denegar acceso al tipo de archivo (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#deny-file-type-access)
Resumen (install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7.html#summary)

ntroducción
pache se mod_rewrite puede usar para manipular URL. Se compila en el servidor web Apache base. Este módulo brinda la capacidad de manipular URL antes de determinar el
chivo apropiado o entregarlo a un script. Puede ayudarte si quieres ofrecer diferentes URL para el mismo archivo. Esto se usa más comúnmente cuando un visitante va a una
terminada dirección web, pero el servidor devuelve una página diferente. Este módulo utiliza un motor de reescritura basado en reglas para reescribir las URL solicitadas sobre la
archa. Admite un número ilimitado de reglas para proporcionar un mecanismo de manipulación de URL realmente flexible y potente. Puede ocultar información confidencial, como
denas de consulta, de las solicitudes de URL. Esto puede mejorar potencialmente la seguridad del sitio web.

n este tutorial, explicaremos cómo habilitar mod_rewrite y demostrar algunas formas comunes de usarlo en Apache en CentOS 7.

Requisitos
Un servidor que ejecuta CentOS 7

nstalar apache
ntes de comenzar con la mod_rewrite configuración del módulo, debemos instalar el servidor web Apache.

ara instalar Apache, ejecute el siguiente comando:

sudo yum install httpd -y

espués de instalar Apache, inicie el httpd servicio y habilítelo para que se inicie automáticamente al arrancar.

sto lo podemos hacer usando los siguientes comandos:

sudo systemctl start httpd.service

sudo systemctl enable httpd.service

continuación, debemos permitir el acceso al puerto predeterminado de Apache 80 (HTTP) usando firewalld .

sto lo podemos hacer ejecutando el siguiente comando:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=80/tcp

hora, vuelva a cargar el servicio de firewall para que los cambios surtan efecto.

sudo systemctl restart firewalld.service

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Habilitar módulo mod_rewrite

mod_rewrite módulo está habilitado de forma predeterminada en CentOS 7. Si encuentra que no está habilitado en su servidor, puede habilitarlo editando el 00-base.conf archivo
icado en el /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/ directorio.

sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf

gregue o elimine el comentario de la siguiente línea:

LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so

uarde y cierre el archivo, luego reinicie el httpd servicio:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Habilitar archivo .htaccess

na vez que se ha activado el mod_rewrite módulo, puede configurar sus reescrituras de URL creando un .htaccess archivo en su directorio raíz de documentos predeterminado. U
htaccess archivo nos permite modificar nuestras reglas de reescritura sin acceder a los archivos de configuración del servidor. Por esta razón, .htaccess es fundamental para su
rvidor web. Antes de comenzar, debemos permitir que Apache lea .htaccess los archivos ubicados en el /var/www/html directorio.

uedes hacer esto editando httpd.conf el archivo:

sudo nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

usque la sección <directory /var/www/html> y cambie AllowOverride None a AllowOverride All

<Directory /var/www/html>
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

uardar y Salir.

hora reinicie Apache para que el cambio entre en vigor:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

Configurar módulo de reescritura

n esta sección, explicaremos la sintaxis básica de mod_rewrite y daremos algunos ejemplos.

uede escribir RewriteRules usando el siguiente formato:

RewriteRule pattern substitution [flags]

RewriteRule : Esta directiva especifica el nombre de la directiva mod_rewrite que desea utilizar.
Pattern : esta directiva especifica una expresión regular que coincide con la cadena deseada
Substitution : esta directiva especifica la ruta de la URL real de la página con la información que desea mostrar.
Flags : una bandera es una etiqueta al final de la directiva de regla de reescritura que especifica parámetros opcionales que pueden modificar la regla.

nalicemos RewriteRules con algunos ejemplos:

Redirigir www a no www

desea redirigir a los usuarios desde www un non-www dominio simple, deberá crear .htaccess un archivo en el directorio raíz de documentos de Apache.

ambie los directorios a la raíz de su documento:

cd /var/www/html

ea el .htaccess archivo:

sudo nano .htaccess

grega el siguiente contenido:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L]

uardar y salir del archivo.

odemos usar curl para probar que el www dominio redirige al non-www dominio:

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curl -I http://www.yourdomain.com

ebería ver el siguiente resultado:

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Mon, 03 May 2016 18:20:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Location: http://yourdomain.com/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

resultado anterior muestra la ubicación de redirección que no es www http://yourdomain.com/

Redirigir no www a www

desea redirigir a los usuarios de un non-www dominio simple a un www dominio, agregue el siguiente contenido a su .htaccess archivo:

sudo nano /var/www/html/.htaccess

grega el siguiente contenido:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}/$1 [R=301,L]

uardar y salir del archivo.

hora, use curl el comando para asegurarse de que el non-www dominio se redirige al www dominio:

curl -I http://yourdomain.com

ebería ver el siguiente resultado:

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently

Date: Mon, 03 May 2016 18:20:53 GMT
Server: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Location: http://www.yourdomain.com/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

bove output shows the www redirect location http://www.yourdomain.com/

Redirect All Website Pages

you want to redirect all pages from "olddomain.com" to "newdomain.com", edit the .htaccess file:

sudo nano /var/www/html/.htaccess

dd the following content:

Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.olddomain.com$ [OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^olddomain.com$
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.newdomain.com/$1 [R=301,L]

ave and exit the file.

ow, use curl to test that the "www.olddomain.com" domain redirects to the "www.newdomain.com" domain:

curl -I http://www.olddomain.com

ou should get a 301 Moved Permanently response that shows you the new domain redirect location.

Deny File Type Access

you want to deny users to access specific file types such as: .pdf , .css , .gif , .png , or .bmp then edit your .htacces file:

sudo nano /var/www/html/.htaccess

dd the following content:

RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule .*\.(pdf|css|gif|png|bmp)$ - [F,NC]

ave and exit the file.

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Summary
hose are just a few examples of how mod_rewrite can be used. If you have questions about these examples please let us know below. You are also welcome to post in the
ofitBricks DevOps Community (https://devops.profitbricks.com/community) section of this site.
  SHARE
scribe (https://devops.ionos.com/tutorials/install-and-configure-mod_rewrite-for-apache-on-centos-7subscribe/)

author: Jethva
Hitesh Jethva (../users/profile/hitjethva.html)
May 13, 2016
 Apache (tags/Apache.html)

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I want to redirect social media crawlers to a separate snapshot page using the VirtualHost. This is how I have written the virtual host:

NameVirtualHost *:80

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<directory var="" www="" html=""/> Allow From All RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (facebookexternalhit/[0-9]|Twitterbot|Pinterest|Google.*snippet)
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Need help with Apache start error. I can not start it after my failed attempt to install ISPConfig3 on Centos7. I uninstalled and reinstalled apache; but it is giving the same
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[root@test1 mnasimul]# systemctl status -l httpd

● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2017-05-11 15:31:55 EDT; 14min ago

Docs: man:httpd(8)

man:apachectl(8)

Process: 3695 ExecStop=/bin/kill -WINCH ${MAINPID} (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Process: 3685 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -DFOREGROUND (code=exited,

status=1/FAILURE)

Main PID: 3685 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...

May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com httpd[3685]: httpd: Syntax error on line 353 of

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No such file or directory

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18/4/23, 16:30 Install and Configure mod_rewrite for Apache on CentOS 7 | IONOS DevOps Central
No such file or directory
May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com systemd[1]: httpd.service: main process exited, code=exited,

status=1/FAILURE

May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com kill[3695]: kill: cannot find process ""

May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com systemd[1]: httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited

status=1

May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com systemd[1]: Failed to start The Apache HTTP Server.

May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com systemd[1]: Unit httpd.service entered failed state.

May 11 15:31:55 test1.nasim.com systemd[1]: httpd.service failed.

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