1

UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA NACIONAL

INSTITUTO PEDAGÓGICO NACIONAL
ipn.pedagogica.edu.co

ÁREA DE MATEMÁTICAS-ÁLGEBRA
UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA HOJA GUÍA PARA
NACIONAL LA ELABORACIÓN DEL
Educadora de educadores DOMINÓ ALGEBRAICO

Profesor: Diego Alejandro Guerra O.

MEF: Jorge Beltrán

1. Descomponer en dos factores

a. x3 + 216 = x3 + 63 = (x + 6)(x2 − 6x + 36)

216 2 216 = 23 · 33 = (2 · 3)3 = 63

108 2 23
√ √
3
54 2 3
⇒ 216 = 63 = 63/3 = 6
27 3
√
9 3 33 3
⇒ x3 = x
3 3
1

b. n3 + 512 = n3 + 83 = (n + 8)(n2 − 8n + 64)

512 2 512 = 23 · 23 · 23 = (2 · 2 · 2)3 = 83

256 2 23 √ √
3
128 2 3
⇒ 512 = 83 = 83/3 = 8
64 2
√
32 2 23 3
⇒ n3 = n
16 2
8 2
4 2 23
2 2
1

c. m3 + 1000 = m3 + 103 = (m + 10)(m2 − 10m + 100)

 2

1000 2 1000 = 23 · 53 = (2 · 5)3 = 103

500 2 23
√ √
3
250 2 3
⇒ 1000 = 103 = 103/3 = 10
125 5
√
25 5 53 3
⇒ m3 = m
5 5
1

d. 1728x6 + 343x3 y 6 z 12 = (12x2 )3 + (7xy 2 z 4 )3

= (12x2 + 7xy 2z 4)(144x4 − 84x3y 2z 4 + 49x2y 4z 8)

1728 2 343 7
864 2 23 49 7 73
432 2 7 7
216 2 1
108 2 23
54 2 343 = 73
27 3
√ √
3
9 3 33
3 ⇒ 343 = 73 = 73/3 = 7
3

3 3
1

x6 = (x2)3
23 23 33 3)3
1728 = 2 · 2 · 3 = (2 · 2 · 3) = 12 123
√
3 6
p
⇒ x = 3 (x2)3 = (x2)3/3 = x2
√
3
√
3
⇒ 1728 = 123 = 123/3 = 12
x3y 6z 12 = (x)3(y 2)3(z 4)3 = (xy 2z 4)3
p3
p
⇒ x y z = 3 (xy 2z 4)3
3 6 12

= (xy 2z 4)3/3 = xy 2z 4

e. 27a21 − 1000b3 c12 = (3a7 )3 − (10bc4 )3

 3

= (3a7 − 10bc4)(9a14 + 30a7bc4 + 100b2c8)

1000 2 27 3
500 2 23 9 3 33
250 2 3 3
125 5 1
25 5 53
5 5 27 = 33
1
√
3
√3
⇒ 27 = 33 = 33/3 = 3

1000 = 23 · 53 = (2 · 5)3 = 103 a21 = (a7)3

√
3 21
√
p
√
3 3 ⇒ a = 3 (a7)3 = (a7)3/3 = a7
⇒ 1000 = 103 = 103/3 = 10

b3c12 = (b1)3(c4)3 = (bc4)3

√
3 3 12
p
⇒ b c = 3 (bc4)3
= (bc4)3/3 = bc4

f. 343x3 + 512y 6 = (7x)3 + (8y 2 )3

= (7x + 8y 2)(49x2 − 56xy 2 + 64y 4)

343 7 512 2
49 7 73 256 2 23
7 7 128 2
1 64 2
32 2 23
343 = 73 16 2
8 2
√ √
⇒ 3
343 = 3 73 = 73/3 = 7 4 2 23
2 2
1
 4

512 = 23 · 23 · 23 = (2 · 2 · 2)3 = 83
√
3
√
3
⇒ 512 = 83 = 83/3 = 8
p p
⇒ 3 y 6 = 3 (y 2)3 = (y 2)3/3 = y 2

g. (9y 2 )3 − (4z)3 = (9y 2 − 4z)(81y 4 + 36y 2 z + 16z 2 )

h. a3 − 8 = (a3 − 23 ) = (a − 2)(a2 + 2a + 4)

i. n3 − 343x3 = n3 − (7x)3 = (n − 7x)(n2 + 7nx + 49x2 )

343 7
49 7 73
7 7
1

343 = 73
√ √
⇒ 3
343 = 3 73 = 73/3 = 7

j. z 3 + 729 = z 3 + (9)3 = (z + 9)(z 2 − 9z + 81)

729 3
243 3 33
81 3
3
9 3 33
3 3
1
√
3
729 = 33 · 33 = (3 · 3)3 = 93 ⇒ 729 = 9
 5

2. Descomponer en dos factores

a. 1 + 128x14 = 17 + (2x2 )7

= (1 + 2x2)(1 − 2x2 + 4x4 − 8x6 + 16x8 − 32x10 + 64x12)

128 2 128 = 27
64 2 √
√
7 7
32 2 ⇒ 128 = 27 = 27/7 = 2
16 2 27
8 2 x14 = (x2)7
4 2
2 2
1

b. x10 + 32y 25 = (x2 )5 + (2y 5 )5

= (x2 + 2y 5)(x8 − x62y 5 + x44y 10 − x28y 15 + 16y 20)

32 2 32 = 25
16 2
√
5
√
5
8 2 25 ⇒ 32 = 25 = 25/5 = 2
4 2
2 2 x10 = (x2)5
1
y25 = (y5 )5

c. 1 − 128a7 = 17 − (2x2 )7

= (1 − 2a)(1 + 2a + 4a2 + 8a3 + 16a4 + 32a5 + 64a6)

d. x7 − y 7 = (x − y)(x6 + x5 y + x4 y 2 + x3 y 3 + x2 y 4 + xy 5 + y 6 )

e. m7 − a7 x7 = z 3 + (9)3 = (z + 9)(z 2 − 9z + 81)

 6

f. a5 + 243 = z 3 + (9)3 = (z + 9)(z 2 − 9z + 81)

g. 243 − 32b5 = z 3 + (9)3 = (z + 9)(z 2 − 9z + 81)

3. Encuentre el ángulo de referencia t̄ para cada valor de t.

5π 7π
a. t = b. t =
4 3

512 2
256 2 23
128 2
64 2
32 2 23
16 2
8 2
4 2 23
2 2
1
√
512 = 2 · 2 · 2 = (2 · 2 · 2) = 8 ⇒ 3 512 = 8
23 23 23 2)3 83
 7

216 2
108 2 23
54 2
27 3
9 3 33
3 3
1
√
216 = 2 · 3 = (2 · 3) = 6 ⇒ 3 216 = 6
23 33 3)3 63

1000 2
500 2 23
250 2
125 5
25 5 33
5 5
1
√
1000 = 2 · 5 = (2 · 5) = 10 ⇒ 3 1000 = 10
23 53 5)3 103

1728 2
864 2 23
432 2
216 2
108 2 23
54 2
27 3
9 3 33
3 3
1
√
1728 = 2 · 2 · 3 = (2 · 2 · 3) = 12 ⇒ 3 1728 = 12
23 23 33 3)3 123
 8

343 7
49 7 73
7 7
1

√
73
343 = 7 ⇒ 3 343 = 7

729 3
243 3 33
81 3
27 3
9 3 33
3 3
1
√
729 = 3 · 3 = (3 · 3) = 9 ⇒ 3 729 = 9
33 33 3)3 93

729 3
243 3
81 3
27 3 36
9 3
3 3
1

729 = 36
 9

1024 2
512 2
256 2
128 2
64 2 210
32 2
16 2
8 2
4 2
2 2
1
1024 = 210 = (22)5 = 45

128 2
64 2
32 2
16 2 27
8 2
4 2
2 2
1

128 = 27
 10

243 3
81 3
27 3 35
9 3
3 3
1

√
243 = 3 ⇒ 5 243 = 3
35

32 2
16 2
8 2 25
4 2
2 2
1

√
32 = 2 ⇒ 5 32 = 2
25