Complemento matemático

TRIGONOMETRÍA

SESIÓN 01: Nociones de trigonometría

1. En un triángulo rectángulo ABC, recto en B, a = 21 y c = 20. Calcular: Tg C + Tg A

a = 21

B c = 20 A

TgA = a/c = 21/20

TgC = c/a = 20/21
TgC + TgA = 20/21 + 21/20 = (202 + 212)/(21 x 20) = 841/420

2. Se tiene un triángulo rectángulo ABC, recto en B, tal que AB = 6,5u. Calcular el área de dicho
triángulo si TgA = 16/13

a =a 16k
= 21

B c =c 6,5
= 20u = 13k A

13k = 6,5

k = 1/2 Entonces: a = 16 (1/2) = 8 u

Área = (6,5 x 8) / 2 = 26 u2
3. Si cos B = √ , escribir el producto de las otras razones trigonométricas del ángulo B.

h
b

A c B

√ √

√
h = 3k
h2 = b2 + c2
b2 = h2 – c2
= (3k)2 – (√ k)2
= 9k2 – 5k2
b2 = 9k2
b=√
b = 2k

SenB = b/h = 2k/3k = 2/3

TgB = b/c = 2k/√ = 2/√ = 2/√ x √ √ = √
Ctg. B = 1/Tg = 1/(2/√ =√
Sec B = 1/CosB = 1/(√ = 3/√ = 5/√ x √ √ = 3√
Csc B = 1/senB = 1/(2/3) = 3/2
Producto de las razones trigonométricas
2/3 . 2√ /5 . √ . 3√ . 3/2
√
=
4. Calcular: Sen , si Tg  = 1/√

h
b

A c B

√ √
b=k
c=√
h2 = b2 + c2 = k2 + (√ k)2
h2 = k2 + 2k2 = 3k2
h=√ =√ k
h=√ k
√ √
√ √ √ √

5. Si “” es agudo, además: 3Tg – 2 = 0. Hallar: E = Sen  . Cos 

3Tg-2 = 0
3Tg = 2
Tg = 2/3 = 2k/3k = b/c
C

h
b

A c B

b = 2k , c = 3k
h2 = b2 + c2 = (2k)2 + (3k)2
h2 = 4k2 + 9k2 = 13k2
h2 = 4k2 + 9k2 = 13k2
h2 = 13k2
h=√ √
E = sen.Cos

=
 =
√ √

=
√ √
E = 6/13

6. Si: Sen  = 0.75  0° <  < 90°. Calcular: 3√ Ctg 

Sen = 0.75 = 75/100 = 15/20 = 3/4 = 3k/4k = b/h

C

h
b

A c B

b = 3k h = 4k …(*) c2 = 7k2
c=√ √
h2 = b2 + c2
c2 = h2 – b2
c2 – (4k)2 – (3k)2 = 16k2 – 9k2 = 7k2

3√ Ctg.
√
3√ . √
=7

7. En un triángulo rectángulo la tangente de uno de sus ángulos agudos es igual a 2,4. Hallar el
perímetro de dicho triángulo si la hipotenusa mide 39 cm.

Tg = 2,4 = 24/10 = 12/5 = 12k/5k = a/c

h
a

B c A

a = 12 k
c=5k
 h = 39
h2 = a2 + c2
= (12k)2 + (5k)2
= 144k2 + 25k2
= 167k2
h2 = 169k2
h=√ = 13k
h = 13k
39 = 13k
3=k
Perímetro
a + c + h = 12k + 5k + 39
= 17k + 39
= 17(3) + 39
= 51 + 39
= 90 cm

8. Calcular Ctg . Tg

Ctg Tg = 2a/b x b/a = 2

9. Calcular Tg  . Tg 
C


b


A 3n 2n B

Tg Tg = a/5n x 2n/a = 2/5

10. Calcular: Sen(180º - ) + Cos(180º - ) + Sen( - 180º) – Cos( - 180º)
Recordar:
Cos(-) = cos
Sen(-) = -Sen
Sen(180 - ) = +Sen
Cos(180 - ) = -Cos
Entonces:
= Sen + (-Cos) + (-Sen(180-) – cos(180 - )
= Sen - Cos - Sen - (-Cos)
= -Cos + Cos = 0

11. Calcular: 2 Sen 150° + 3 Tg 135° + 4 Csc 330°

1k 60 2k
A = 2Sen150 + 3Tg135 + 4Csc330
30
Sen150 = Sen(180 – 30) = Sen30 = ½
5k

Tg 135 = Tg(180 – 45) =

1k 2k
Csc 330 = 1/Sen330 = 1/Sen(360-30) = 1/-Sen30 = -Csc30 = -2
45
 A = 2 + 1/2 + 3(-1) + 4(-2) = 1 – 3 – 8 = –10
1k

12. Indique la veracidad o falsedad de las proposiciones

( ) Sen(90° + x) = -Cosx
Sen(90 + x) = Sen 90.Cosx + Cos90.Cosx = 1Cosx + 0Cosx = Cos x (F)
( ) Cos(180° + x) = -Cosx
Cos(180 + x) = Cos180.Cosx – Sen180.Senx = -1Cosx – 0Senx = - Cos x (V)
( ) Sen(270° – x) = -Cosx
Sen(270 – x) = Sen270.Cosx – Cos270.Senx = -1Cosx – 0Senx = - Cos x (V)
( ) Cos(360° – x) = -Cosx
Cos(360 – x) = Cos360.Cosx + Sen360.Senx = 1Cosx + 0Senx = -Cos x (F)
Considerando a “x” como un ángulo agudo

13. Calcular: Sen 780° . Cos 1200° . Tg 1215°

780 360 1200 360

060 2 120 3

Sen780 = Sen 60 Cos1200 = Cos120 = Cos(180 – 80) = -cos60 = -1/2

 =√

1215 360
135 3

Tg1215 =Tg135 = Tg(180-45) =

√ √
Sen780 . Cos1200 . Tg1215 = ( )

14. Indique la veracidad o falsedad de las proposiciones:

( ) Sen(360° + x) = Senx
Sen(360 +x) = Sen360Cosx + Cos360.Senx = 0Cosx + 1.Senx = Sen x (V)
( ) Cos/720° + x) = Cosx
Cos(720 + x) = Cos720.Cosx – Sen720.Senx = Cos0.Cosx – Sen0.Senx = 1Cosx – 0Senx = Cos x (V)
( ) Tg(1080° + x) = Tgx

Tg(1080 + x) =

= (V)

( ) Ctg(1440° - x) = Ctgx

Ctg(1440 – x) =

= (F)

15. Si P(–6; –8) pertenece al lado final del ángulo “” en posición normal, calcular: Sec  + Tg 
P(-6, -8)
Y

O
-6
X

-8
P

PIIIC
x = -6
y = -8
√ √ √
 r = 10
Sec + tg = r/x + y/x = 10/-6 + -8/-6
= -2/6 = -1/3

16. Si el lado final del ángulo “” en posición normal pasa por el punto medio del segmento ̅̅̅̅ donde
A(–1; 1) y B(5; 7), calcular: Tg 

7 B(5,7)

C(2,4)
-(1,1) A
O
-1 5

C  I cuadrante
x=2 y=4
Tg = y/x = 4/2 = 2

17. Si: Sen  = –15/17,   IIIC, calcular: M = Sec  + Tg 

Sen = -15/17,   III C


x

r
y

Sen = x/r = -15/17

x = -15k
r = 17k
x2 + y2 = r2
(-15k)2 + y2 = (17k)2
y2 = 172k2 – 152k2
y2 = (172 – 152)k2
y2 = (17 + 15)(17 – 15)k2
y2 = (17 + 15)(17 – 15)k2
y2 = 32(2k2)
y2 = 64k2
 y=√
y = 8k Por estar en el III C: y = -8k
M = Sec  + Tg  = 17k/-8k + -15k/-8k = -17/8 + 15/8 = -1/4

18. Hallar: Sen  – Cos 

S Tg = 7/24; IIIC
Tg = 7/24 ,  6 III C
Tg = y/x = -7k/-24k , k  C
y = -7k
x = -24k
r2 = x2 + y2 = (-24k)2 + (-7k)2 = 242k2 + 72k2
r2 = 576k2 + 49k2 = 625k2
r=√
Sen - Cos = y/r – x/r = -7k/25k – (-24k)/25
= -7/25 + 24/25 = 17/25

19. Calcular Sen 15º

Recordar:

√ √ √

√ √

20. Si x + y = /12. Calcular:

 √ √ √ √

√ √ √ √

21. Calcular Sen2x + Cos 2x, si: Sen x = 3/5 ; x  I C

Sen x = 3/5 = 3k/5k = b/h

C

h
b
x
A B

b = 3k
h = 5k
h2 = b2 + c2
c2 = h2 – b2
= (5k) – (3k)2
c2 = 25k2 – 9k2
c2 = 16k2
c = 4k
Sen 2x = 2Senx.Cosx
 = 2(b/h)(c/h)
= 2(3k/5k)(4k/5k)
= 2(3/5)(4/5)
Sen x = 24/25
Cos 2x = Co2x – Sen2x
= (c/h)2 – (b/h)2
= (4k/5k)2 – (3k/5k)2
= (4/5)2 – (3/5)2
= 16/25 – 9/25
Cos 2x = 7/25
Sen2x + Cos2x = 24/25 + 7/25 = 31/25

22. Calcular: Sen22°30’

√( ) ( )

 = 22°30’

√
Sen22°30’= ( ) ( ) ( )

√ √ √
=( )

23. Convertir a producto: Sen 8A + Sen 4A

Sen ( + ) + Sen ( - ) = 2SenCos
Sen8A + Sen4A = Sen(6A +2A) + Sen(6A – 2A) = 2 Sen6A . Cos2A

24. Reducir: Sen 80° + Sen 40°

Recordar:

Sen( + ) = SenCos ± CosSen

Cos( ± ) = CosCos ± SenSen

Sen( + ) + Sen( - ) = 2SenCos

Sen( + ) - Sen( - ) = 2CosCos

Cos( + ) - Cos( - ) = -2SenSen

 Entonces:
Sen 80 + Sen 40 = sen (60 + 20) + Sen(60 – 20)
= 2 . Sen60 . Cos20
= 2 . √ /2 . Cos20
= √ Cos20

25. Reducir: R = cos 6x . cos x + sen 5x . sen 2x – sen 6x . sen 3x

R = Cos6xCosx + Sen5xSen2x – Sen6xSen3x
=

R = Cos7x . Cos2x