Derecho Ambiental

Definitions and concepts

Law is:
- Set of legal norms
- Regulate human behavior
- Social co-existence

Environmental Law:
- Protects the relationships between human and environmental law.
- Where is our environmental law:
o Labor: exposition
o Civil: Responsibility
o Penal: Crime against the environment
o Fiscal: Environmental taxes

Characteristics of Environmental Law

- Systematic
- Global o transnational: A part of a bigger system, international. Environment
as a global issue. Everything is connected. Conference of the parties. LA
COP, cambio climatico.
- Preventive: avoid the damage
- Technical regulation
o NOM: NORMAS OFICIALES MEXICANAS: son obligatorias
o NMX: NORMAS MEXICANAS: Sugestive
o ISO: International standards
- Redistributive:
- Collective: Affects all, interested as a community
- Multidiscipline

Cumbre Mundial sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible, 26 de agosto a 4 de septiembre de

2002, Johannesburgo

adoptó una Declaración Política y un Plan de Implementación que incluyó

disposiciones que cubren un conjunto de actividades y medidas que deben
tomarse para lograr un desarrollo que tenga en cuenta el respeto por el medio
ambiente.
En el área del agua, el Plan de Implementación fomentó alianzas entre los
sectores público y privado basadas en los marcos regulatorios establecidos por los
gobiernos.
En agricultura, se previeron negociaciones integrales sobre el Acuerdo sobre
Agricultura de la OMC, que incluían el acceso a los mercados y la reducción de las
subvenciones a la exportación.
que cada país tiene que asumir la responsabilidad principal de su propio desarrollo
e impulsar estrategias basadas en los principios de Río
El Plan de Aplicación de Johannesburgo establece los objetivos en relación con el
marco institucional para el desarrollo sostenible. El plan presenta las siguientes
medidas:

 Adoptar nuevas medidas para fortalecer los mecanismos institucionales

para el desarrollo sostenible a escala internacional, regional y nacional.
 Reforzar el papel de la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo
Sostenible, incluyendo entre sus funciones la revisión y el seguimiento de
los progresos logrados en la aplicación de la Agenda 21 y el fomento de la
coherencia entre su aplicación, las diversas iniciativas y asociaciones.
 Facilitar y promover la integración de las dimensiones ambiental, social y
económica del desarrollo sostenible en los programas de trabajo de las
comisiones regionales de las Naciones Unidas.
 Iniciar inmediatamente los pasos para avanzar en la formulación y la
elaboración de estrategias nacionales para el desarrollo sostenible y
empezar la ejecución a partir del año 2005.

- Developmetn of enviromental legislation

- Silent springs 60´s
- Tragedy of the commons 60´s
- Stockholm Summit 1972 EARTH SUMMIT, CUMBRES DE LA TIERRA, how
to protect the environment.
o Report on exponential economic and population growth with limited
supply of recourses studies by computer simulation.
o If trends continue, the planet will reach the limits of its growth in the
next 100 years.
o The most likely result would be a sudden and uncontrollable decline
in both population an d industrial capacity.
- The limits to growth
- Our common future 80´S (Book, talking about the different environmental
issues)
o UN Global agenda for change
o It is possible for humanity to build.
o Sustainable development: Defines sustainability as meeting the need
of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.
- Sustainable development
 o Defined sustainability as meeting the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
- Rio Summit 1992
o Agenda 21
o 172 governments joined on a massive effort to focus on the impact of
human socioeconomic activities
o Rio Declaration
o Two international conventions
 UNFCCC
 CBD
- Johannesburg Summit 2002
o World Summit on Sustainable Development
o Advance on environmental are recognized
o Issues highlighted
 Eradication of poverty
 Economic inequity
 Biodiversity loss
 Human dignity
- Rio + 20 Summit 2012
o Uneven progress on
 Sustainable development
 Poverty Eradication
o Need to advance in the application of previous commitments
o Green economy polices
o Governance and institutional strengthening
o Participation of financial institutions
- Sustainable development goals
- Stockholm + 50, 2002

Mexican environmental law

1970: Undersecretariat for Improvement of Environment in SSA. General Directorate of

Urban Energy. SECRETARY OF HEALTH.
- 1971 Federal law to prevent and control environmental Pollution
- Stockholm 72
1980: Secretary of Urban Development and Ecology SEDUE. Undersecretary of Ecology
- 1982: Federal Environmental Protection Law
- Nairobi 82
- 1988 General law of ecological balance and environmental protection
- Rio 92

1990
- Ministry of Social Development SEDESOL
 - INE PROFEPA
- SERMANAP

2000
- SERMANAT
- Commissions deconcentreated and decentralized bodies
SERMANAT
- Subsecretaria de planeacion y politica ambeintal
- Subsecretaria de fometno y normatividad ambiental
- Subsecretaria de gestion para la proteccion ambiental
- Oficialia mayor UCAI, UCAJ, UCD, UCPST, UCVI

Conagua
- IMTA
o CONABIO
PROFEPA
- CONAFOR

CONANP
- INECC
ASEA

Enviromental managment (administración)

What: make your activities, THE USES OR YOUR RESOURCES TO MAKE A SUSTAINABLE
USE. Administration, Reduce impact
Who Goverment, Private and Social
How: Plan Information, Act or do

CYCLE

LGEEPA
Objective
Principles
Biodiversity: Protected natural areas
I.- Biosphere Reserves; Sierra Gorda
II.- Repeals.
III.- National Parks; Cimatario
IV.- Natural Monuments;
V.- Repeals.
VI.- Natural resource protection areas;
VII.- Areas of protection of flora and fauna;
VIII.- Santamér;
IX.- State Parks and Reserves, as well as other categories to establish local
legislations;
X.- Municipal ecological conservation zones, as well as other categories
establish local laws, and
XI.- Areas voluntarily intended for conservation.

Enviromental policy instruments

GENERAL LAW OF ECOLOGICAL BALANCE AND ENBIROMENTAL PROTECION

Public Policy Instruments

Enviromental planning:

PLAN NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO

EACH SECTOR HAS TO BUIKD A SECOTR PROGRAM
Programa especial del cambio climatico

Subsecretaries de sermanat
- CONAGUA
- CONAFORT
- INEGI

Ecological planning of territory and regulation of human

National development plan

Sector programs
Special program

Ecological panning and urban settlements

General planning of the territory

Regional and state planning local ordering the developments.
 Regulate or introduce the use of land and productive actives, to archive the
protection of the environment and the preservation and sustainable use of
natural resources

Urban development plans must take into account the ecological planning
programs

LEGEPA

Water availability and uses

TOPIC PROBLEM, JURISDICTIO MANAGEMENT LAW,
CAUSES N INSTRUMENTS REGULATIONS
AND AND
EFFECTS STANDARDS

Water
Air
Soil
High risk
activities

Quantity
Quality

Industry
Public Services

Su extracción por uso es:

Sectro agropecuario
Sector Industrial
Sector Municipal

Consertation gov and priv

Colab
Coordination

BOD
COD
TSS
FC

THE BOX VA A COSTA RICA