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𝑑𝑦
(1) + 𝑃 𝑥 𝑌 = 𝑄 𝑥 𝑌𝛼 , 𝛼 ≠ 0 ,1
𝑑𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑌1−𝛼 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= 1 − 𝛼 𝑌 −𝛼
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
1 − 𝛼 𝑌 −𝛼 + 1 − 𝛼 𝑌 −𝛼 𝑃 𝑥 𝑌 = 1−∝ 𝑌 −𝛼 𝑄 𝑥 𝑌 𝛼
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
+ 1 − 𝛼 𝑃 𝑥 𝑌1−𝛼 = 1 − 𝛼 𝑄 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
+ 1−𝛼 𝑃 𝑥 𝑢 = 1−𝛼 𝑄 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1.) Resolver
Res 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
− 2𝑌 = 4𝑋𝑌 2
𝑃 𝑥 = −2 , 𝑄 𝑥 = 4𝑋 , 𝛼=2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑢 = 𝑌1−2 → 𝑢 = 𝑌 −1 → = −𝑌 −2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Multiplicando la ecuación diferencial por −Y −2
𝑑𝑦
−𝑌 −2 − 2𝑌 −𝑌 −2 = −𝑌 −2 4𝑋𝑌 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑢
+ 2𝑌 −1 = −4𝑋 → + 2𝑢 = −4𝑋
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒2 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 2𝑋
𝑑𝑢
𝑒 2𝑋 + 𝑒 2𝑋 2𝑢 = −4𝑋𝑒 2𝑋
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 2𝑋
𝑒 𝑢 = −4𝑋𝑒 2𝑋
𝑑𝑥
Integramos: 𝑑 𝑒 2𝑋 𝑢 = − 4 𝑋𝑒 2𝑋 𝑑𝑥
𝑢=𝑋 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑋 𝑑𝑥
1 2𝑋
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑣= 𝑒
2
1 1
𝑒 2𝑋 𝑢 = −4 𝑋 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑋 − 𝑒 2𝑋 𝑑𝑥
2 2
4
𝑒 2𝑋 𝑢 = −2𝑋𝑒 2𝑋 + 𝑒 2𝑋 + 𝐶
4
𝑢 = −2𝑋 + 1 + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑋
𝑌 −1 = −2𝑋 + 1 + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑋
Despejando Y: 1
𝑌=
−2𝑋 + 1 + 𝐶𝑒 −2𝑋
2.-) Resolver la ecuación diferencial de Bernoulli:
𝑌 2 𝑌 6 − 𝑋 2 𝑌´ = 2𝑋
Ordenando
𝑑𝑥
𝑌 8 − 𝑌 2 𝑋 2 = 2𝑋
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑌 8 𝑌 2 𝑋 2
= −
𝑑𝑦 8 2𝑋 2 22𝑋
𝑌 𝑌 𝑋 𝑑𝑥
− =
2𝑋 2𝑋 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑌 2 1 Ecuación de Bernoulli, 𝛼 = −1
+ 𝑋 = 𝑌 8 𝑋 −1
𝑑𝑦 2 2
Haciendo
𝑢 = 𝑋1− −1 𝑢 = 𝑋2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑋
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑌2 1
2𝑋 + 2𝑋 𝑋 = 𝑌 8 𝑋 −12𝑋
𝑑𝑦 2 2
𝑑𝑢
+ 𝑌2𝑢 = 𝑌8
𝑑𝑦
𝑑 𝑌3 𝑌3
𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑒 3 𝑌8
3
𝑑𝑦
Integramos
𝑌3 𝑌3
𝑑 𝑒3𝑢 = 𝑒 3 𝑌8 𝑑𝑦
𝑌3 𝑌3
𝑢𝑒 3 = 𝑒 3 𝑌 6 𝑌 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑌3
6 2
𝑢=𝑌 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 3 𝑌 𝑑𝑦
𝑌3
5
𝑑𝑢 = 6𝑌 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 = 𝑒 3
𝑌3 𝑌3 𝑌3
𝑢𝑒 3 = 𝑌 6 𝑒 3 − 6 𝑌 3 𝑒 3 𝑌 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑌3
3 2
𝑢=𝑌 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 3 𝑌 𝑑𝑦
𝑌3
2
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑌 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 = 𝑒3
𝑌3 𝑌3 𝑌3 𝑌3
𝑢𝑒 3 = 𝑌 6 𝑒 3 − 6 𝑌 3 𝑒 3 − 3 𝑒 3 𝑌 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑐
𝑌3 𝑌3 𝑌3 𝑌3
6 3
𝑢𝑒 3 = 𝑌 𝑒3 − 6𝑌 𝑒3 + 18𝑒 3 +𝑐
𝑌3
𝑋 2 = 𝑌 6 − 6𝑌 3 + 18 + 𝐶𝑒 − 3
Ejercicios resueltos
𝑑𝑦 1 (1)
1.-) Resolver + 𝑌 = 3𝑋 2 𝑌 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝛼=3
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
𝑢 = 𝑦 −2 , = −2 𝑦 −3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
−2 𝑦 −3 − 2 𝑦 −3 = −2 𝑦 −3 3𝑥2 𝑦3
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑦 −2
−2 = −6𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 u
− 2 = −6𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑢 1 u 1
2
− 2 2 = −6𝑥 2 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 1
𝑢 = −6
Integramos 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2
1
d 𝑢 =−6 𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
1
u = −6x + c
𝑥2
𝑢 = −6𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑥 2
𝑦 −2 = −6𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑥 2
1
𝑦2 =
−6𝑥 3 + c𝑥 2
1
𝑦2 =
𝑥2 𝑐 − 5𝑥 2
2.-) Resolver
𝑑𝑦 3
+ 8𝑌 = 2𝑋 3 𝑌 4 (1)
𝑑𝑥
𝛼 = 3/4
𝑑𝑢 1 −3/4 𝑑𝑦
𝑢 = 𝑦 1/4 , = 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥
1
Multiplicando (1) por y −3/4
4
1 −3/4 𝑑𝑦 1 −3/4 31 3
𝑦 + 𝑦 8𝑌 = 2𝑋 3 𝑦 4 𝑦 −4
4 𝑑𝑥 4 4
𝑑𝑢 1
+ 2𝑢 = 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢 1
𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑒 2𝑥 2𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑 2𝑥 1
𝑒 2𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥 3
𝑑𝑥 2
1 2𝑥 3
d 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
1
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
2
𝑢 = 𝑥3 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥
2
1 3 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 2
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
2 2 2
1 3
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥 3 − 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
4 4
𝑢 = 𝑥2 , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑑𝑥 , 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥
2
1 2𝑥 3 3 2 1 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 − [𝑥 𝑒 − 𝑒 2x𝑑𝑥] + 𝑐
4 4 2 2
1 2𝑥 3 3 2 1 2𝑥 3
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑒 2𝑥 x𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
4 4 2 8
𝑢=x , 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 , 𝑣 = 𝑒 2𝑥
2
1 2𝑥 3 3 2 1 2𝑥 3 𝑥 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑒 + 𝑒 − 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
4 4 2 8 2 2
2𝑥
1 2𝑥 3 3𝑥 2 𝑒 2𝑥 3x𝑒 2𝑥 3
𝑒 𝑢= 𝑒 𝑥 − + − 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝑐
4 8 16 32
1 3 3x 3
𝑢 = 4 𝑥 3 − 8 𝑥 2 + 16 − 32 + 𝑐𝑒 −2𝑥
1 3 3x 3
𝑦 1/4 = 4 𝑥 3 − 8 𝑥 2 + 16 − 32 + 𝑐𝑒 −2𝑥