PRESENTADO POR: Gerson Abrahan Lerma Zapana

1. Resuelva la siguiente integral aplicando método trapecio, Simpson 1/3 y 3/8

1
dx
I =∫
0 ( 2+ x )
Resolviendo la integral analíticamente:
1
dx
I =∫
0 ( 2+ x )
1
¿ [ ln ( 2+ x ) ] 0
3
¿ ln =0.40546
2
Para h=0.2
X 1
( 2+ x )
0.00 0.500000
0.20 0.454545
0.40 0.416666
0.60 0.384615
0.80 0.357142
1.00 0.333333

Método trapezoidal:

[ ]
n=1
h
I= F ( x 0 ) +2 ∑ F ( x 1) + F ( x n )
2 i =1

0.2
I=
2
[ 0.500000+2 ( 0.454545+1.158423 ) +0.333333 ]
I =0.405927
Método Simpson 1/3
 h
I=
5
[ F ( x 0) + 4 F ( x1 ) +2 F ( x 2 ) +4 F ( x 3 ) +… .+ F ( x n ) ]e
0.2
I=
5
[ 0.500000+ 4 ( 0.454545 ) +2 ( 0.416666 ) +4 ( 0.384615 )+ 2 ( 0.357142 ) +0.333333 ]
I =0.573758
Método Simpson 3/8
3
I = ( h ) [ F ( x0 ) + 3 F ( x1 ) +3 F ( x 2 ) +3 F ( x 3 ) + ….+ F ( x n ) ]
8
3
I = ( 0.2 ) [ 0.500000+3 ( 0.454545 ) +3 ( 0.416666 ) +3 ( 0.384615 ) +3 ( 0.357142 ) +0.333333 ]
8
I =0.425417
Para h=0.1
X 1
( 2+ x )
0.00 0.500000
0.10 0.476190
0.20 0.454545
0.30 0.434783
0.40 0.416666
0.50 0.400000
0.60 0.384615
0.70 0.370370
0.80 0.357142
0.90 0.344828
1.00 0.333333

Método trapezoidal:

[ ]
n=1
h
I = F ( x 0 ) +2 ∑ F ( x 1) + F ( x n )
2 i =1

0.1
I=
2
[ 0.500000+2 ( 0.476190+3.162949 ) +0.333333 ]
 I =0.371098
Método Simpson 1/3
h
I=
5
[ F ( x 0) + 4 F ( x1 ) +2 F ( x 2 ) +4 F ( x 3 ) +… .+ F ( x n ) ]
0.1
I=
5
[ 0.500000+ 4 ( 0.476190 ) +2 ( 0.454545 )+ 4 ( 0.434783 )+ 2 ( 0.416666 )+ 4 ( 0.400000 ) +2 ( 0.384615 ) +4 ( 0.370
I =0.243279
Método Simpson 3/8
3
I = ( h ) [ F ( x0 ) + 3 F ( x1 ) +3 F ( x 2 ) +3 F ( x 3 ) + ….+ F ( x n ) ]
8
3
I= ( 0.1 ) [ 0.500000+3 ( 0.476190 ) +3 ( 0.454545 ) +3 ( 0.434783 ) +3 ( 0.416666 ) +3 ( 0.400000 ) +3 ( 0.384615 ) +3 ( 0.3
8
I =0.440653

2. Resuelva el siguiente ejercicio por el método de diferenciació n numérica

2
f ( x )=x

f ' ( x )=2 x
SOLUCION:
Punto = x= 1 h=0.1
i x f ( x )=x 2
f i−2 -2 0.80 0.64 f i−2
f i−1 -1 0.90 0.81 f i−1
fi 0 1.00 1.00 fi
f i+ 1 +1 1.10 1.21 f i+ 1
f i+ 2 +2 1.20 1.44 f i+ 2

Para dos puntos

central

' f i +1−f i−1 1.21−0.81

f= = =2.00
2h 2 ( 0.1 )
Atrá s
 ' f i−f i−1 1.00−0.81
f= = =1.90
h 0.1
Adelante

' f i +1−f i 1.21−1.00

f= = =2.1
h 0.1

3. Resolver el siguiente problema valor inicial mediante el método de Euler,

Taylor, Runge Kutta cuarto orden y Predictor- corrector
P .V . I ¿
3−1
h= =0.4
5
METODO EULER
i x Método de
Euler
0 0 1.800
1 0.4 1.864
2 0.8 2.056
3 1.2 2.376
4 1.6 2.824
5 2.0 3.400
y 1= y 0 + h ( x 02 − y 0 )

x 1=0.00+0.4=0.4

x 2=0.4+ 0.4=0.8

x 3=0.8+ 0.4=1.2

x 4 =1.2+ 0.4=1.6

x 5=1.6+ 0.4=2.0

y 0= y ( 0.00 )= y 0 +h ( x 02− y 0 )

y 0= y ( 0.00 )=3+0.4 ( ( 0.00 ) −3.00 ) =1.8

2

y 1= y ( 0.4 )=3+0.4 ( ( 0.4 ) −3.00 )=1.864

2
 y 2= y ( 0.8 ) =3+0.4 ( ( 0.8 )2−3.00 ) =2.056

y 3= y ( 1.2 )=3+ 0.4 ( ( 1.2 )2−3.00 ) =2.376

y 4 = y (1.6 )=3+0.4 ( ( 1.6 )2−3.00 )=2.824

y 4 = y ( 2.0 )=3+0.4 ( ( 2.0 )2−3.00 ) =3.4

METODO TAYLOR
i x Método de
Taylor
0 0.0 4.88
1 0.4 4.1444
2 0.8 3.536
3 1.2 3.056
4 1.6 2.704
5 2.0 2.48
x 1=0.00+0.4=0.4

x 2=0.4+ 0.4=0.8

x 3=0.8+ 0.4=1.2

x 4 =1.2+ 0.4=1.6

x 5=1.6+ 0.4=2.0

d(x − y)
2
=1−1 ( x − y )=1−2 x + y
2
dx

h2 ' ( 2
y 0= y 0 + h ( f ( x − y ) ) + f x −y)
2
2
2
0.4
y 0= y ( 0.00 )=3+0.4 ( ( 02−3 ) ) + 1−2 ( 0 ) +3=4.88
2

0.4 2
y 1= y ( 0.4 )=3+0.4 ( ( 0.4 −3 ) ) +
2
1−2 ( 0.4 )+3=4.1444
2
0.42
y 2= y ( 0.8 ) =3+0.4 ( ( 0.8 −3 ) ) +
2
1−2 ( 0.8 )+ 3=3.536
2
2
0.4
y 3= y ( 1.2 )=3+ 0.4 ( ( 1.2 −3 ) ) +
2
1−2 (1.2 ) +3=3.056
2
2
0.4
y 4 = y (1.6 )=3+0.4 ( ( 1.6 −3 ) ) +
2
1−2 ( 1.6 ) +3=2.704
2
 2
0.4
y 4 = y ( 2.0 )=3+0.4 ( ( 2.0 −3 ) ) +
2
1−2 ( 2.0 ) +3=2.48
2

METODO RUNGE KUTTA CUARTO ORDEN

dy
=( x − y )
2
dx
i x Método de
runge kutta
0 0.0 2.0816
1 0.4 1.5872
2 0.8 0.3910
3 1.2 0.7840
4 1.6 1.1446
5 2.0 1.5855

Primera iteració n:
k 1=f ( x 0 , y 0 )
2
k 1=0 −3=−3

( h
k 2=f x 0+ , y 0+ h
2
k1
2 )
k 2= 0+( 0.4
2 )(
− 3+ 0.4
−3
2
=−2.2 )
( h k
k 3=f x 0+ , y 0+ h 2
2 2 )
(
k 3= 0+
0.4
2 )(
− 3+ 0.4
−2.2
2
=−2.36 )
k 4=f ( x 0+ h , y 0+ h k 3 )

k 4=0+ 0.4−( 3+0.4 (−2.36 ) )=−1.656

h
y 1= y i + ( k +2 ( k 2 +k 3 )+ k 4 )
6 1
0.4
y 1= y ( 0.00 )=3+ (−3+ 2 (−2.2±2.36 )±1.656 )=2.0816
6
Segunda iteració n:
 k 1=f ( x 1 , y 1 )

k 1=0.42 −2.0816=−1.9216

(
h
k 2=f x1 + , y 1 +h
2
k1
2 )
(
k 2= 0.4+
0.4
2 )(
− 2.0816+0.4
−1.9216
2
=−1.0973 )
(
h
k 3=f x1 + , y 1 +h
2
k2
2 )
(
k 3= 0.4+
0.4
2 )(
− 2.0816+0.4
−1.0973
2
=−1.2622 )
k 4=f ( x 1+h , y 1 +h k 3 )

k 4=0.4 +0.4−( 2.0816+ 0.4 (−1.2622 ) )=−0.7768

h
y 1= y i + ( k +2 ( k 2 +k 3 )+ k 4 )
6 1
0.4
y 2= y ( 0.4 )=2.0816+ (−1.9216+2 (−1.0973±1.2622 )±0.7768 )=1.5872
6
Tercera iteració n
k 1=f ( x 2 , y 2 )
2
k 1=0.8 −1.5872=−0.9472

(
h k
k 2=f x2 + , y 2 +h 1
2 2 )
(
k 2= 0.8+
0.4
2 )(
− 1.5872+0.4
−0.9472
2
=−0.3977 )
(
h
k 3=f x 2+ , y 2 +h
2
k2
2 )
(
k 3= 0.8+
0.4
2 )(
− 1.5872+0.4
−0.3977
2
=−0.5077 )
k 4=f ( x 2+ h , y 2 +h k 3 )

k 4=0.8+ 0.4−( 1.5872+0.4 (−0.5077 ) )=−0.1841

 h
y 1= y i + ( k +2 ( k 2 +k 3 )+ k 4 )
6 1
0.4
y 3= y ( 0.8 ) =1.5872+ (−0.9472+2 (−0.3977±0.5077 ) ±0.1841 )=0.3910
6
Cuarta iteració n
k 1=f ( x 3 , y 3 )
2
k 1=1.2 −0.3910=1.049

(
h k
k 2=f x3 + , y 3 +h 1
2 2 )
(
k 2= 1.2+
0.4
2 )(
− 0.3910+0.4
1.049
2
=0.7992 )
(
h
k 3=f x3 + , y 3 + h
2
k2
2 )
(
k 3= 1.2+
0.4
2 )(
− 0.3910+0.4
−0.7992
2
=0.8491 )
k 4=f ( x 3+ h , y 3 +h k 3 )

k 4=1.2+0.4−( 0.3910+0.4 ( 0.8491 ) )=1.5487

h
6( 1
y 1= y i + k +2 ( k 2 +k 3 )+ k 4 )

0.4
y 4 = y (1.2 ) =0.3910+ ( 1.049+ 2 ( 0.7992+0.8491 ) +1.5487 )=0.7840
6
Quinta iteració n:
k 1=f ( x 4 , y 4 )

k 1=1.62−0.7840=1.776

(h k
k 2=f x 4 + , y 4 +h 1
2 2 )
(
k 2= 1.6+
0.4
2 )(
− 0.7840+ 0.4
1.776
2
=0.6608 )
(h
k 3=f x 4 + , y 4 + h
2
k2
2 )
 (
k 3= 1.6 +
0.4
2 )(
− 0.7840+ 0.4
0.6608
2
=0.6839 )
k 4=f ( x 4 +h , y 4 +h k 3 )

k 4=1.6+ 0.4−( 0.7840+0.4 ( 0.6839 ) )=0.9425

h
y 1= y i + ( k +2 ( k 2 +k 3 )+ k 4 )
6 1
0.4
y 5= y ( 1.2 )=0.7840+ ( 1.776+2 ( 0.6608+0.6839 )+ 0.9425 )=1.1446
6
Sexta iteració n:
k 1=f ( x 5 , y 5 )

k 1=2.02−1.1446=2.8554

( h
k 2=f x5 + , y 5 +h
2
k1
2 )
(
k 2= 2.0+
0.4
2 )(
− 1.1446+0.4
2.8554
2
=0.4844 )
( h k
k 3=f x5 + , y 5 + h 2
2 2 )
(
k 3= 2.0+
0.4
2 )(
− 1.1446+ 0.4
0.4844
2
=0.9586 )
k 4=f ( x 5+ h , y 5 +h k 3 )

k 4=2.0+ 0.4−( 1.1446+0.4 ( 0.9586 ) )=0.8719

h
y 1= y i + ( k +2 ( k 2 +k 3 )+ k 4 )
6 1
0.4
y 5= y ( 2.0 ) =1.1446+ ( 2.8554 +2 ( 0.4844+0.9586 )+ 0.8719 )=1.5855
6
METODO PREDICTOR CORRECTOR
y 1= y 0 + hf ( x 0 , y 0 )

y 1=3+ 0.4 ( 02−3 )=1.8

1
2[ 0 0
f ( x , y ) +f ( x 1 , y 1 ) ]
'
y 1=
 1
y ' 1=
2
[ ( 0.4 )+ ( 0.42 −1.8 ) ]=−0.62

y 1= y 0 −h ( y 1 )

y 1=3.0−0.4 (−0.62 ) = y (0.4 )

y 1=3.248 inicializador

y 2= y 1 +hf ( x 1 , y 1 )

y 2=3.248+ 0.4 ( 0.4 −3.248 )=2.0128

2

1
2[ 1 1
y ' 2= f ( x , y )+ f ( x2 , y2 )]

1
'
y 2=
2
[ ( 0.4 2−3.248 ) + ( 0.82−2.0128 ) ]=−2.2304 predictor

h
3[ 0 0
y (0.8 )= y 2= y 0+ f ( x , y ) +4 f ( x 1 , y 1 ) + f ( x 2 , y 2) ]

0.4 2
y (0.8 )= y 2=3+
3
[ ( 0 −3 ) + 4 ( 0.4 2−3.248 ) + ( 0.82−2.2304 ) ]
y 2=0.741013 corrector