= ! − "! − #! − $! − %! & ! + %! + $! + #! + "!

' ( )
!
' ( )
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. ∪ /01∪ !

, -. / '

−∞ +∞
0# 0$ 0% & 1% 1$ 1#

2 - / ⊂

• " # "$%"&'$( ()*' "'(%' "

' ( /
* +
3 ' ( + ' '' , "
# " $%" &' - *-&$ " &'

+−4 = 4 + + %$ = %$
(+ − "% = "% + 5$ = 5$
 0 ' ( '
0 ' ( ' /
'
0 ' (

• )*' " '(%' " "2$' %"

6 7 ' ( /
.

+ 0$ 1$ + 18 08
(+ % 1% + 1%&" 0%&"
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%+ 7 /9 7 !:! !6 ; <

6 :

0% & $

→ → → → →

00
$+ ( 3 1/

0 ∈= 0"4∈ = 1" 5∈ = 1#5&4∈ =

>4∈ = 0> 5∈ = %∈ = 0%>∈ =

#+

+ 0# ==

(+ 08 ==

+ 1%4 ==

+ 1#5 ==

+ 0> 54 ==

.+ 1 4#& ==

+ ' ( 0 ==

?+ ' ( 1%5 = =

+ ' ( 04> = =

+ 3 1# > = =

@+ 3 1>4# & = =

+ 3 0#5"% =
"+ A A 3

3" 4"*2 '( -( 3" '5%'( -(

B CADA ∈ ∧ 0# ≤ A < >E BC

: B CADA ∈ ∧ 0$ ≤ A < %&E :BC

B CADA ∈ ∧ 0" < A ≤ #E BC

6 B CADA ∈ ∧ 0 < A < >E 6BC

B CADA ∈ ∧ 0% ≤ A ≤ "E BC

F B CADA ∈ 1
∧ 0%& < A < 8E FBC

, B CADA ∈ 0
∧ 0%$ < A ≤ 5E ,BC

G B CADA ∈ 0
∧ A ≥ 04E GBC

>+ ( H( > !< 3 B

0#= = & 0%&>= = 1% 1">= = 1"$ &= = 1%$

0$= = & 055= = 1" 1%>4= = 1#" −# = = +#

1>= = & 04= = 0"& 0% 5= = 0% 4

−8 = = 8
1%$= = & 0%5>= = 0%&& &= = 0%>
− #% = = 0#%
08= = 1% 0%&>= = 0#&& &= = 0#5%
0"$= = − "$
04#= = 1$8# 0 ==0 > &= = 14#

+G ' (

−> = −% = − $&&$ =

−# = & = + "&&& =

+ 4#" = − 4> 4#" = − >&&& =

+ 5 4# = + $8# = + 8#&$> =
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+M3 I (+M3 II +M3 III

I G $&& 1$&& +I 3II +I 3III
II # K( 1# K
III $ K 0$ K %"+ NOP!NQP NBP

+FFF (+JJJ +FJJ

+FJF +JFF I 0#= $ II >= 0#
II "= 0% IJ = 0
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I $>& 1$>& +B!Q!O!Q
II $&& L 0$&&
III "#K( 1"#K %>+6 7

+FJF (+FFF +FJJ

G I 2
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I O II OI III I O
I %&&& ( 0%&&& IJ 2 O J G QI
II #&K( 1#&K
III #5K 0#5K +JFJFJ (+FFJJF +FFJJJ
+FFJFJ +JFFJJ
+JJJ (+JFJ +JJF
+FJJ +FJF % +
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2
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II & ∈ IJ 0# ∈ +1%" (+05 +1$ +0%$
+0"
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RI G ; 7#& 3 1#&
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+ ;
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+#"& (+$>& +$"% +$>% I 2O II O6 III Q

+#>%
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1">#

3 3 3

%+ M = { D ∈ ∧ −# < < 5}/ 9 -

< +%& (+0%& +0%% +%%
+%
+ (+5 +4 +8 +%&
"+ 6
$+ G '
= { D ∈ ∧ −5 ≤ < 8}
= − # + − > + 5 + −% = { D ∈ ∧ −8 < ≤ 4}

+0$ (+& +5 +%> +% G * +1 *:+

#+ T +#% (+#$ +## +#"

+#>
− " + " −4 + − $
=
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