Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
ة 1609546977
ة 1609546977
א
٢٠٢
א
אאא
אאא
١
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
Wאא
Kאאאאאאא
אאאא
אאאאאKאא
Kאאאאאאא
WאאאאWאא
Kאאא• א
Kאאאא• א
Kא •
Kא •
KאאאאאWאאא
Kא٣Wאאא
KאאאאאאWאא
-١-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
אאא
WK١{١
Wאא
Kאא -
Kא -
אאאאא -
K
Kאאאאאאאאאא -
Kא -
Kאאאאאא
WאK٢{١
אEא،א،אFאאאא
אאאאא
Kאאא
אא א אא Eא א ،אF א א
Kאאא
א Eא ،א א ،אF א אא
Fאאא אאאא
KEאאאFאאEא
KE١{١Fאא(water/cement ratio)אא
-٢-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
אא א
(w/c ratio) (MPa)٢٨
٠{٧٠ ٢٠
٠{٦٢ ٢٥
٠{٥٥ ٣٠
٠{٤٨ ٣٥
٠{٤٣ ٤٠
٠{٣٨ ٤٥
Wאאאאא
אא K١{٢{١
אאאאא
Kאא
אא K٢{٢{١
Wאאא
א א א א א א א Wאא א •
Kאאאא
א E F א א א א Wא • א
Kא
אא אאאא Wא• א
Kאאאא
-٣-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
٠{٠٠٤E١{١Fאאא١٣א
EאHאH אFאאאK
.%٥٠אאאאאKאאא
KאאW١{١
Wאאאא
א -
אא -
Kאאא -
Kאא -
١{٢٥ אאא
אאאאאאK
א ١{٢Kא
K
-٤-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
אאאW٢{١
EFא E٣Fא
١ ٠{٨
١{٢٥ ١{٥
١{٥ ٢{٣
١{٧٥ ٣{١
٢ ٣{٨
٢{٢٥ ٤{٦
٣{٢٥ ٧{٦
א K٣{١
אאאאא
Kאאא
Wאאא
• א
• א
• א
א• א
•
א• א
-٥-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
א א א Kא אא
אאאאKאאא
(segregation)Kאאא(cohesion)
אאאא אאא
Kאא
אאאא٢{١
Kאא
-٦-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KאאאאW٢{١
א K٤{١
אאאא
אאאKE٣{١Fא
٤٠ ٤٢٠אKא
٤{١ Kא א א א
Kא
-٧-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KאאאW٣{١
אאאאWא
א א א א
Kא
K٢٢٠אא٣٦٠
-٨-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KאW٤{١
Wאא
Kא E١
Kא E٢
Kאא E٣
Kא E٤
Kאאא E٥
א א א א אא א
K٧٥א٢٥אKא
א א א א א א
אK٠{٩٥ ٠{٩٠א ١٠٠ ٤٠א
אאK٢٥١٥אא
אאאאאאאאא
Kאא
-٩-
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
אאאאאא
Kא א א א א א
אא Kא א
Kאאאאאא
Wא K٥{١
،אאא
אאאKא
אאאאKאאא
Kא
Wאא
Kאאאאאאא -
אאאא -
Kא،
א אא אאאא א-
א Kא אא א
Kא
Kאאא א-
אE٥{١Fא
Kא א אאא
KE٦{١Fאאא
- ١٠ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
EאFאW٥{١
אאאW٦{١
Fאא،אאא
KE٨{١٧{١
KאאEאFאW٧{١
- ١١ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KאW٨{١
Wאאאא
א אאאאא
אKE٩{١KFאאאאאא
א אא،אאאא
אאאאאאא
א א א א Kא
אKE١٠{١KFא א
Kאא
Kא א א ٢ א
אאאאא
Kא ٥٠אKאא
א א א א א Kא א
Kאאא
א א
Kאאאא
- ١٢ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KאאאאאאW٩{١
KאאאאאאW١٠{١
- ١٣ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
Wא K٦{١
אאאאאאאאאאא
אא Kא
(durability) א א א
אאאאא ١١{١ Kאא
א % ٥ אא K א
Kאאאא١٢{١K%٣٠אא
א (permeability) א % ٣٥ % ٣٠ אא
Kא
אא א ١١{١ ١٠{١ א א א
אאאאאא
Kא
א Kא א א W א
Kא
70
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ
60
50
40
30
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
(%) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﺎت
- ١٤ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
10
6
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻳﺔ
0
0 10 20 30 40
(%) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﺎت داﺧﻞ اﻟﻌﺠﻴﻨﺔ اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ
KאאאאW١٢{١
Wאא K١{٦{١
אאאא
א א א
KאאאאאKא
Wאא K٢{٦{١
אKאאא א
KEאאFא אא
אאאאא אא
K
W(vibrators)אא
- ١٥ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KE١٣{١Fאא אאאאאאא
אאא KHz ٢٠٠ ٧٠ אא א K א
KאE١٠{٥אאF
א א אא אא א א
אאאאאאא
KE١٤{١FאאE١٥٠אF
K٠{٥אאאאאאא
אאKאא ٢٠١٠אאא
אא אKאא א
K(segregation) א א (over-vibration) א
Kאאא
אאאאאW١٣{١
K
- ١٦ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KאאאאאאW١٤{١
Kאאאאאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאאאאאא
אאאא
א אאא Kא אאא א א אא
אאאאאא
KHz١٥٠٥٠אאאKא
אאאאאא
אאאאKאאאאKאאא
Kאאאאא
(precast concrete) א א א
א אא K
אאKאאאאא אא
KHz١٢٠٢٥אאאKאאאא
- ١٧ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
(revibration)Wא K٦{٦{١
אאא א
KאאאאK%١٥
א (bleeding)אאאא
אאאאאאא
אא Kאאא
Kא
Kאאאאאא
א אKאאאא
Kאאאא
Wא K٧{١
אאKאאא
א א Kא א א
WאאKאאאא
א א Kאא א א א -
א א אא א א KE١٥{١ F
אא אKאא א אא
K
א (floating)א אא א -
אKE١٧{١F E١٦{١F
א Kאאא،אא
אאא
Kא
Kאא -
- ١٨ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
אW١٥{١
KאאW١٦{١
- ١٩ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאא אאא
KאאW١٧{١
- ٢٠ -
א
א
א
٢
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
Wאא
Kאאאאאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
WאאאאWאא
אאFאאא •
KEאאא
Kאאאא• א
א •
Kאאאאא •
KאאאאאWאאא
KאWאאא
KאאאאאאWאא
-٢١ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
K١{٢
א EאאFא
אאאאאאאאK
KאאאאE١{٢Fאא
אאאאאא
א אאאאKאא
א Kא א
Kא
א % ٧٥א אא
KE٢{٢F٢٨א
50
(ﻣﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ )اﻷﻳﺎم
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ
40 ﻃﻮال اﻟﻤﺪة
7
30
3
20 0
10
0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
(اﻟﻌﻤﺮ )اﻷﻳﺎم
KאאאW١{٢
-٢٢ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
100
(%) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
75
50
25
0
0 3 7 28
(ﻣﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ )اﻷﻳﺎم
٢٨אאWK٢{٢
Wאאאא K٢{٢
אאא אאאאא
٢L ٠{٥ א א א א א
KE٣{٢Fאא
KאW٣{٢
-٢٣ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
Kאאאאאאא
אאא Kאאא ٤{٢ א
Kאאא٢٨אKאאא
120
(%) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
100
80
60
40
10 20 30 40 50
(درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ )درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
K٢٨אאאW٤{٢
Wא K٣{٢
KאKאאא
Kאא •
Kאאא •
Wאא K١{٣{٢
Kאאאא
Wא Ea
אאא
אאאKא
-٢٤ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
אאאאאאK
Kאאאאא
Wא Eb
א א א
א Kא א
Kאאא
אאאאאא
KאKאא
Wאא Ec
אאא א
Kא א א א ، א
א א א אא א
KאאאאאאאKא
א ،E٥{٢F א אאא
א א Kא א
K
KאW٥{٢
-٢٥ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
א א א א א א
א א א ،א
Kאא
Wאאא K٢{٣{٢
אא א א א א א א
Kאאא
Wא אEa
אאא
KE٦{٢ F א א א
א א Kא א
א א א א א א א א
Kאאאאא
KאאאW٦{٢
-٢٦ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
Wאא אEb
אאאא
א אא KE٧{٢ F א
א Kא א א אא אא
א א א Kא א א אא
א א אא א Kא א א
א E F א א א
KאאKאאא
א א א ،א א
אא אאאאאא א
KאאאKאאאאאא
-٢٧ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
KאאW٧{٢
Wא אEc
K EFאא
KE٨{٢F אאאאא
א Kא א
אאKאאא
Kאאא
Wא
Kא• א
Kאא• א
-٢٨ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
Kאאאאאאא
אאאאא
Kאא
אאאאאW٨{٢
Kא
WאK٤{٢
אאא٧א (ACI 308)אאא
Kא א % ٧٠ א א
٧א א ١{٢א
١٤א א א ٣אא א א
K١٠אאאאא
אE٢١ZאאFאW١{٢
KEACI 306R-78Fא
-٢٩ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
EאFא א
٢٨א
٢٣ ١٦ ٨ ٤
٢٤ ١٨ ١٠ ٦ א
٢٠ ١٢ ٤ ٣ א
אא،٢٥٥אא
Kאאא(BS8110)א
60 אאא
t + 10 אא
80 אאא
t + 10
-٣٠ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאא
%٥٠א
80 אאא
t + 10
אא
140 אאא
t + 10
KאאאWt
אאW١
K٢٠Zא%٧٠Zא
60
2= KZא
20 + 10
K١٠Zאא٪٤٠
80
4= K٤Zא
10 + 10
אאW٢
K١٠Zאא%٤٠Zאאא
140
7= K٧Zא
10 + 10
א E٠{٤ א א F א א
E٠{٥אאFאא
א א א א
Kא
-٣١ -
א
אאא
אאא
٣
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
Wאא
אאאאאאאא
אאKאאאאאאא
אאKאאאא
Kאאא
WאאאאWאא
Kאאאא •
Kאאאא •
Kאאאא •
KאאאאאWאאא
KאWאאא
KאאאאאאWאא
- ٣٢ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
K١{٣
Kאאאאא
Wאא
Kאאא• א
Kאאא• א
אא• א
Kא א א א א א א אא
Kאאאאא،אאא
WאאאK٢{٣
אאא א
KE١{٣F٢٤אא
WאאאאK٣{٣
א א א א א א א א
Kאאאאא
א א א א א אא
אאאאאאKECaCl2)
Kאאאא
אאא
א •
אאאאאא •
אא• א
Kאאא •
- ٣٣ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
Wאאאא
א• א
א •
אא •
Kא •
Kאאאאא
Kא%٢١אאא
אא % ٢ ٢{٣
KאאE٢٨FאאKא
אאאאא אאאא
K١٠٥אא
אאא، ٦אאא % ١
Kא
א אאאא א
Kאאאאאא
Wאאאא
א• א
א •
אא •
א •
Kאאאאא
Kאאאא
- ٣٤ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
35
اﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ
اﻟﺘﺼ ﻠﺪ
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
(اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )ﺳﺎﻋﺎت
KאאאאאW١{٣
50
40
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
آﻠﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮم
30
20
ﺑﺪون آﻠﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻮم
10
0
0 10 20 30 40
(اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )اﻷﻳﺎم
KאאW٢{٣
- ٣٥ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
WאאאK٤{٣
٢٤Kאאאאאא אאא
KE٣{٣F٢٨אא%٦٠אא
100
اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارة
80
(%)ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ
60
40
20
0
ﻳﻮم واﺣﺪ 28 ﻳﻮم
(ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ )اﻷﻳﺎم
אאאאאאW٣{٣
Kאאאא
א א Kא אא א ،א א אא •
Kא
אאKא אאאאאא •
א אאKא אא א
KE٤{٣Fאא
אKאאWא •
Kאאאא
- ٣٦ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
60
٣آﻎ\م350
(درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
40
٣آﻎ\م300
20
0
0 8 16 24
(اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )ﺳﺎﻋﺎت
אאאאאאW٤{٣
Kא
WאK١{٤{٣
Kא א
א א א
א א אא א K٣{٣
Kאאא ٥{٣Kאאא
א אאKאאאאא
Kאא
אאאאאאא
K٦{٣אאKא
Wא •
אאKאאאא
אא א אאKE ٢٠Fא
Kא
- ٣٧ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
Wאאא •
Kאאאא אאא א
،אKא ٣٣ ٢٢אאא
אאאא Kא ١١אא
K٧{٣
Wאאאא •
٨٢ ٦٦אאאאאא א א
אא אא אK
Kא
אאאW٥{٣
- ٣٨ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
80
ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﺤﺮارة
اﻟﻘﺼﻮى
60
(درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
ﻓﺘﺮة إرﺗﻔﺎع
اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻓﺘﺮة ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ
40
ﻓﺘﺮة ﻗﺒﻞ
إدﺧﺎل اﻟﺒﺨﺎر
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
(اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت
KאW٦{٣
KאאאW٧{٣
א א א
אא א א ٨{٣ א
KאאאאKא
- ٣٩ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
א = ∑ at (T + 10)
א א א א א א
KE٩{٣F
40
30
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
20
10
0
0 500 1000 1500
( أﻳﺎمx ﻧﻀﺞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
KאאאW٨{٣
-١٠o ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
(اﻟﺰﻣﻦ )اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت
אאאאאאW٩{٣
א
- ٤٠ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
KאאאאאW
אא
٨٠o
٥٠o
١٠o
-١٠o ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
٣ ٦٫ ١٤٫٥ ١٦
EאF א
L 60 = 20 * 3 א
⎛ 20 + 90 ⎞ אאא
L 193 = 3,5 * ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 90 + 60 ⎞ א
L 113 = 1,5 * ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
١٠٨٦ = א
- ٤١ -
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
WאאK٢{٤{٣
אאאא
K٢٠٦א٢١٠J ١٦٠אא
אK ٢٤ אאא
K٢٨אאאK
אאאאאאא
K١٠٠א
Kאאא
،אאאאא
Kאאאאא،א
Kאאאא
٨ א א א K ٣ א א א
٣٠ ٢٠אאK ١٧٥א
K
א
- ٤٢ -
א
אאא
אאא
٤
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
Wאא
אאאאאא
אKאאאאאא
אKאאאאא
Kאאאאאאאא
Wאא
Wאאאאא
Kאאא •
Kאא •
Kאאאא •
Kאאא •
Kאאא •
Kאא •
Kאאא •
KאאאאאWאאא
KאWאאא
KאאאאאאWאא
-٤٣-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
K١{٤
אאאאאאא
W
Kאא -
Kאא -
Kא א-
Kאא -
א א،א א
א אאאאWאאא
Kאא
WאאK٢{٤
Kאאא،אאאא
א א א א K א א
א א א Kא אא
אאאאאא אK
Kאאא ١{٤א Kאא
٢٨אKאאאאא
א א א א Kאא א
K٢٨٣אאאא
Kא א א א א א
Wא
א •
אא •
א •
-٤٤-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
א •
50
(ﻋﻤﺮ )اﻷﻳﺎم
40 28
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
30 7
3
20
1
10
0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50
(درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
KאאאW١{٤
א ،א אא
Kאאאא
Kאאאאא
،א א א אא
אאאK٢{٤
אK א אE٣{٤Fאא
אאא אK٤{٤א
Kאאאאאאאאא
-٤٥-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
150
50
0
0 10 20 30 40
(درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
KאאאאאW٢{٤
190
180
(٣آﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء )آﻎ\م
170
160
150
0 10 20 30 40
(درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ )درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
KאאאאאW٣{٤
-٤٦-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
80
ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
(MPa) 60
40
20
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
(W/C ratio) ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء إﻟﻰ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ
KאאאאW٤{٤
WאאK٣{٤
אאK ١٦אאא
K٣٢אK
א (T) א א א א א א
KEא،א،אF
W
KאאWT
E٣LFאWW
אWa
אWc
אWw
Kאא אWwa
-٤٧-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
KEא،א،אFא(T)אאאאW١
EFא E٣\Fא אא
٥٠ ٣٣٥ א
٤٠ ١٨٣٩ א
٣٠ ١٦٧ א
Wאאאא
אאאאא
؟א
Wא
8.8 =
645 • א
0.22 x335
1.6 =
645 • א
0.22 x1839
3.8 =
645 • א
167
WאK١{٣{٤
אא א א א א א א א
Kא % ٨٥ ٧٠אאEא אFא
K ١٦אא ١٠אא
Wא
אאא •
-٤٨-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
Kא •
אא• א
Kאאאא •
WאK٢{٣{٤
א Eא אF א א אא א
א א ٠{٥ א א א F א אא
،אKאאאא KE٠{١٢א
١٠אא٣٨אא
Wאאא
Kאאא •
KאאEF •
KE٥{٤Fאאאא• א
. ﺟﻬﺎز ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺎء:٥٫٤
-٤٩-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
א Kא אא א א א
K(T)אאאאא
W
KאWWi
Eא،א،אFא Tאאא אW٢
K٣٥ZWiא
EFא E٣\Fא אא
٥٠ ٣٣٥ א
٤٠ ١٨٣٩ א
٣٠ ١١٧ א
Wאאאא
٧{٨ א א א ٣٥ א א
K
Kאאאא٦{٤א
-٥٠-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
35
20
32
29
27
10
24
0
20 25 30 35 40
(درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺮآﺎم واﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
KאאאאאאאW٦{٤
KאאK٤{٤
Wאאאאא
Kאאאאאאא •
אא אאא אאא •
Kאא
Kא •
Kא •
K٤٥אא •
K٣٠٠אא •
-٥١-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
(Retarding admixtures)WאאK١{٤{٤
Wאאאאא
אאאאאWאאאא K١
Kאאא
אאאאWא K٢
Kאאאאאא
Kאאאא אK٣
א K אאאאאא א
Wאא
א• א
א •
א •
אא •
א אאא אאא אא
אKאאא
א ٢٨א ٧אא
K٧{٤،א
KEF،א،אאאאא
K٤אא אא%٠{٠٥א
Kא%١٠{٢אאאאאאא
-٥٢-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ
WאאאK٥{٤
א אאKא
אאK ٨א אאאא
KאאKאאאא
אאא
KאאאאKא
Wאאאאאא
Kאאא •
Kא •
Kא •
אאא ٨{٤ א
Kאאאא
-٥٣-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
אאאאW٨{٤
K(ACI 305, R-77)אא א
-٥٤-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
٠{٥אאאא
א א א אאא אL٢L
KאL٢L١
אאאKאא٩{٤
K٧٠אאאאאא،
KאW٩{٤
Kאאאאא
אאאאאא •
Kאאא
Kאאאאא •
Kאאאא
Wאאא٨{٤אאאW١
KO١٨Wאא -
.%٤٠Wאא -
KO٢١Wאא -
K\א١٦Wא -
KאL٢L٠{٨Zאא
-٥٥-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
Wאאא٨{٤אאאW٢
KO٣٠Wאא -
.%٣٠Wאא -
KO٣٢Wאא -
K\א٣٢Wא -
KאL٢L٢{٠Zאא
אאO٢١אא،א
٠{٤אא ،\א٣אא
KאL٢L
WאאK٦{٤
Kאאאאאאאאא
אאאאאא
Kאאאאאא
א א א א א א א א
Kאא
אאאאאא
Kאא
Wא
א א א א א אא • א
Kאא
א ، ٢٤ א א א •
אאKאאאאאאא
K٢٤אאאאא
-٥٦-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
WאאK٧{٤
،אא ،אא אאא
Kאא(JoulesFאאא
Wאאא
Kאא •
Kא •
Kאא •
Kאא •
Kאאאאאא
אאאאאאא ١{٤
Kאאא
KאאאW١{٤
א
-٥٧-
אאא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
אאאאא
Kאא٤
א،אאאאאא א
KאאאKא
אאאאאאא ٤{٣
אאאאאKאא
١٥א א ٣L ٥٠אא ١٢
Kאא
-٥٨-
א
אאא
אאא
٥
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
Wאא
אאאאאאא
אאאאאא
KאאאאKא
Wאא
Wאאאאא
Kאאא •
Kאא •
Kאאא •
Kאאא •
Kאא •
KאאאאאWאאא
KאWאאא
KאאאאאאWאא
-٥٩-
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
WK١{٥
אאKאאא
א،אKMPa ٣{٥ אאא
א % ٥٠ א א K ٢٤ א א
Kאאאא
אא אאאאאא
א ١٠ אא א Kא א
Kאאא
א א אא א א א א
Kאא
WאאK٢{٥
אאאאאאא
KאאאKאאאא
Kא אאאאא
א Kא א א אא
אאKאאא
Kאאאאאא
אאאאאאא
Kאא
Wאאאאא
אW٣ אK١
E٣L١٢٠٣L٦٠Fאאא אK٢
Kא אK٣
-٦٠-
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
75
درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
(درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﺎء اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
21
65
18
55
16
45 13
10
35
7
25
0 5 10 15 20
(درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺮآﺎم واﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ )درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ
KאאאאאאאW١{٥
-٦١-
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
WאK٣{٥
א אא א א א א א
KאאאאאאאאE٢{٥F
אאאאאKאא א
KE٣{٥Fא
אא א א א א א
Kא אא KE٤{٥ F א
אא א ١{٥ א א אא
KE١٠ZאאFא
אאאאאאאW٢{٥
אאאאW٣{٥
-٦٢-
אא٢٠٢א
אאאאאא
KאאאאאW٤{٥
E ١٠ZאאFאאאW١{٥
(ACI 306R-78)אא
EאFא א
٢٨א
-٦٣-
א
אאא
אאא
٦
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
Wאא
Kאאאאאא
Kאאאאאאאא
Wאא
אאאא
Kאאאאא• א
Kאאאא• א
Kאאאאא• א
Kאאאא• א
Kאא• א
KאאאאאWאאא
KאWאאא
KאאאאאאWאא
- ٦٤ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
WK١{٦
אKאאאאאאא
א Kא א
אאאKאאא
KאאאאאKא
א א א א א
KאאאKאא
Wאאא K٢{٦
Wאאאאא
Kאאאא •
Kאאאא •
Kא(segregation)א •
Kא •
(workability)WאK١{٢{٦
א א א
א،(segregation)א
א،אאאאאK
א אא א
(compaction)אKאאא
.% ٣٠אא% ٥ אאאK١٠٫١
WאאאאK٢{٢{٦
،א ،א א א א
Kאאאאא،אא،א،א
- ٦٥ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
Wאא •
אא،אאאאא
FאK (flow)א
E٩٫٦Fא א Eא א
א א (segregation)Kא
KאאאאאKאאאא
W• א
א א K א א א א
Kאאאא אאא
K א א א
א א א K א א (round) א א
א א א א א (spherical)
Kאאאאאאא
Wאא• א
٢{٤ א א א א
אאא אאאKEאאאF
Fאאאאא Kא א
אאא ١{٦ KEאאאאא
אאKאאאאאא
אאאאKאא
Kאא
- ٦٦ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
140
120
100
(هﺒﻮط اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ )ﻣﻢ
80
60
40
20
0
0 60 120
(زﻣﻦ )دﻗﺎﺋﻖ
KאאאאאW١{٦
WאK٣{٢{٦
אאאא
א،א،אא،א אWאאאא
Kאאא،א،א
slump testWאאאK١{٣{٢{٦
א א א א א א א א
(frustum cone) א א א K(ASTM C143-78)
K٢{٦
- ٦٧ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
100ﻣﻢ
300ﻣﻢ
200ﻣﻢ
ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺨﺮوط ﻧﺎﻗﺺW٢{٦
Wא
Kאאא -
K١٦א٢٥ -
Kאא -
א -
אאאאאאא -
E٣{٦FKא
KE٤{٦Fאאאא
א אאא א
אאאא K(cohesion)אא א
אאאא אאK(lean concrete)א
א א א א K א
Kאאא
- ٦٨ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
KאW٣{٦
KאאW٤{٦
flow testWאאK٢{٣{٢{٦
- ٦٩ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
אאW٥{٦
Wא
Kאאא -
Kא١٠ -
Kאאאא -
Kא -
K١٥١٥א -
Kאאא(D) -
Wאא(flow)
D − 200
flow = x100
200
ZD
Kאא
- ٧٠ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
K(BS.1881:part2)אאא١٩٤٧אא
א א
אאאאK٦{٦אא
אאאאאאא אKא
Kאא
Wא
Kאאאא -
Kאאאאא -
אא אא -
Kא
Kאאאא -
P1Zאא -
אאאאא -
K
P2Zאא -
Wא(compacting factor)א
P1
C.F =
P2
אא١{٦Kאאא
Kאאא
- ٧١ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
ﻣﻢ٢٦٠
ﻣﻢ٢٦٠ ﺑﺎب
ﻣﻢ٢٤٠
ﻣﻢ٢٤٠ ﺑﺎب
ﻣﻢ١٥٠
ﻣﻢ٢٨٥
אאW٦{٦
KאאאאאW١{٦
- ٧٢ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
אW٧{٦
Wא
(slump test)אאא -
א ٢٤٠Fאאאא אאא -
E٢٠٠
Kא -
E٢{٧٥ZFא -
- ٧٣ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
Kאא -
א א א א א (T) א -
Kאאאא
אאא
ﺷﻜﻞ. ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ٣٠ إﻟﻰ٥ ﻳﻜﻮن هﺬا اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺎ ﺟﺪا ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮاوح اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ.(Vebe seconds)
Kא(T)אא٨{٦
0.9
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺪﻣﻚ
0.8
0.7
0.6
0 4 8 12
(زﻣﻦ ﻓﺐ )اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
KאאW٨{٦
WאאאK٣{٦
،אאאאKאאא
،אKא،אאא א
Kאא
- ٧٤ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
WאאאאK١{٣{٦
אאאא (porosity)אאא
WאאK
(water/cement ratio)אא E١
(compaction)אא E٢
א E٣
Kאא א א ٩{٦
א א Kאא א א א א
KאאEFאא
ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﺰاز
ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ
ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﻳﺪوي
KאאאאאW٩{٦
- ٧٥ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
אאאאאאא
،א אWאאK٢{٦א
Kאאאא
E٠{٥ZאאFאאאW٢{٦
٥٥ ٤٩ ٣٧ ٢٩ א
٦٠ ٥٤ ٤٣ ٣٤ (III)
א :Vc
א :Vw
אאא :a
:K
- ٧٦ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
WאאK٢{٣{٦
Kאא،אא אאאא
Kאא
א -
א -
א -
א -
WאאK٣{٣{٦
א Kא א
Wאאא
Kא -
Kא -
Kא -
Kא -
א ١٥٠ ١٠٠
C470-(ASTM אאKE٣٠٠Zא٥٠٠ZFאא
K١٠{٦E81
Wא
٢٥א -
KאאאאאאאK١٦
F אאאא -
KאE٣١{٥
- ٧٧ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
א אאאאא -
א ٢٤ ٢٠אE% ٩٠F
K
Kאאא -
Kא٢٠אאאא -
א E١١{٦ F א א א -
א Kא א א א א
Kא א א א
Kאאאאאאא
KאMPa٠{٤٠{٢אא -
א K ٢٨ א א -
Kא٢٦،١٣٧٣אא
K٢٨א٧٣א٣{٦
Wאא١{٢٥אא
f cu = 1.25 f cyl
אZfcu
אאZfcyl
K ⎛⎜ h ⎞⎟ אאאא
⎝d ⎠
h
=2 אא
d
h
=1 א
d
- ٧٨ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
א
KאאאאאW١٠{٦
אאאאאW١١{٦
א
- ٧٩ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
K٢٨א٧٣אW٣{٦
WאאK٤{٣{٦
אאKאא
Kאאא
W (fc ) א (ft ) א
f t = kf c
m
Km k
Kאא(ACI)אאא
ft = k fc
MPaWftfc
Wאא (CEB)אאא
f t = 0.3( f c )
2/3
K0.11 0.07אאא
Wא
- ٨٠ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
אאא אא
א א א ١٤{٦ ١٣{٦ KE١٢{٦ F
Kאא
P
P
ft =
A
KאW ft
KאW P
KאW A
P
KאאאW١٢{٦
אאW١٤{٦ אW١٣{٦
א אא
- ٨١ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
Wאאאא E١
E ٣٠٠x١٥٠F א א א א א
Kא
Kאאאאא -
Kא،אאא -
١٥{٦
Kאאאא -
Kאאא אא -
٠{٠٤ ٠{٠٢ א א א א -
KאLMPa
KאאאאאאW١٥{٦
- ٨٢ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
Kאא
WאEσtFאא
2P
σt =
πLD
אWp
١٥٠ZאאWD
٣٠٠ZאאWL
Wאא
2P
σt =
πa 2
KאZa
אא % ١٥אאאא
Kאאא
Kאאא١٦{٦
א אאאW١٦{٦
Kאא
- ٨٣ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
Wאא E٢
א א E١٧{٦ F א א
א ٥٠٨x١٥٢x ١٥٢ א א.(ASTM C78) א
(BS:1881)Kאא٧٥٠x١٥٠x١٥٠א
אאאאאW١٧{٦
Kא
Kאאאא
Kאאא -
K٢٨אא -
MPa ٠{١٠ ٠{٠٢אאא -
Kא
- ٨٤ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
K١٨{٦אא אא
אאK אא
אKEmodulus of ruptureFאKאאא
KE١٨{٦F א
א א א
KE١٩{٦F
ERF א ،E١٨{٦ F א א א
Kא
Pl
R =
bd 3
א אWp
אאWl
אאWd
א Wb
Wאאאאאא
3Pa
R =
bd 3
KאאZa
א אKאאאא
Kאאאאא
- ٨٥ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאא אא
P/2 P/2
d d d
4d
ﻋﺰم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء
pd
M=
2
V=
p ﻗﻮة اﻟﻘﺺ
2
KאאאW١٨{٦
P
d d
pd
M= ﻋﺰم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء
2
ﻗﻮة اﻟﻘﺺ
p
V=
2
KאאאאW١٩{٦
- ٨٦ -
א
אאאא
אאאא
٧
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
Wאא
Kא א א א א א א א
Kא א א א א אא
א אא אאאאא
Kא
Wאא
Wאאאאאאאא
Kאא •
Kא •
K •
Kא• א
Kאא •
Wאאא
Kאאאאא
Wאאא
Kא
Wאא
Kאאאאאא
- ٨٧ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
WK١{٧
אאאאאא
Wאאא
EאאFKא -
א -
Kאאאאא -
אאאאאאאא
אאאאאאאאK
W
Kאאא -
Kאאא -
Kאאאא -
אאאא
אאאKא(potential strength)א
K٢٨אא
Wאאאאאא
א -
א -
א -
Kא -
- ٨٨ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
WאK١{٢{٧
Wאא
WE١
(beams) Kאאא -
(walls)אא (columns)א א-
KאאאE٢
Kא٣٠٠אאאאאאW
300 ﻣﻢ
،E١{٧ F א א א א א
.(covermeter)אאאE٢{٧Fא
ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ
ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮد
KאW١{٧
- ٨٩ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
K(covermeter)אאאאW٢{٧
Kאאא ١٠٠א
אK٢٥אאאאא١٥٠אאא
K٢{٠١אא Kאאאא
WאK٢{٢{٧
אE٣{٧Fאא
،א א (high alumina cement) א א
KE٤{٧Fאאא
- ٩٠ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
KאאW٣{٧
אW٤{٧
- ٩١ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
Wא K٣{٢{٧
אא .اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ/MPa ١٥אKאאא
Kאאא،אא
WאאאאK٤{٢{٧
Kאא E١
אאא E% ١٥J ١٠Fאאאא
Kאא
Kאא E٢
א א Kא א א א א א
٥{٧(correction factor)
1
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ
0.9
0.8
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
.ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻹرﺗﻔﺎع إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ
KאאW٥{٧
- ٩٢ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
Kא E٣
א אאאאאא % ٨א
KאאאאKא
Kאא E٤
Kא א
KאאK%١٠אאאא
Kאא •
⎛ φr h ⎞
1.0 + 1.5⎜⎜ φ x l ⎟⎟
⎝ c ⎠
W
א W φr
א W φ
c
א א:h
א :l
Kא •
⎛ ∑ (φr .h ) ⎞
1. 0 + 1 .5⎜ ⎟
⎜ φ .l ⎟
⎝ c ⎠
KאאK٥{٢{٧
אא אאאא אאאא
Wא
Kא -
- ٩٣ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
Kא -
Kאאאא א-
אאאאאא
W(concrete Society Report)
Wא •
3.25 f λ Zאא
1. 5 + 1 / λ
Wא •
3.00 f λ Zאא
1. 5 + 1 / λ
W
Kא W f λ
אא W λ
א א א א א א
W(concrete Society Report)א
Wא •
2 .5 f λ Zאא
1. 5 + 1 / λ
Wא •
2 .3 f λ Zאא
1. 5 + 1 / λ
- ٩٤ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
ENon-destructive TestFWאאK٣{٧
אא Kא א א א אא
Wאא
penetration resistanceאJ
Schmidt hammerJ
penetration testWאK١{٣{٧
٦{٧Kא אאא
Windsor probeא
KאאאKאא
Kאא
(Windsor probe)אW٦{٧
- ٩٥ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
אאW٧{٧
- ٩٦ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
70
60
(MPa)ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
(kN) ﻗﻮة اﻹﻗﻼع
Kאא:٨{٧
Schmidt hammerWאאאאK٣{٣{٧
(non-destructive testing)אאאאא
א אאKא
K٩{٧Kאא
KW٩{٧
- ٩٧ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
KE١٠{٧F (plunger)אא
Kא א אא
E١١{٧Fאאאאא
KאW١٠{٧
50
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ
40
30
20
10
10 20 30 40 50
رﻗﻢ اﻹرﺗﺪاد
KאאאאW١١{٧
- ٩٨ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
אאאאאא
א א K Kא א א אא ١٢ ١٠
Kאאאאאא
א K א א א א
KE١٢{٧FאאאEF
K
اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺠﻬﺎز
اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
- ٩٩ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
KאאW١٣{٧
اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
אא א:(b) א א:(a)
اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻞ
اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
א א:(c)
KאאאW١٤{٧
- ١٠٠ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
K(V)א
L
V=
T
EFאZL
EאFאZT
Wא(E)אא(V)א
E
V =
ρ
Kא = ρ
- ١٠١ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
60
50
(MPa) ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ
40
30
20
10
0
4000 4500 5000 5500
(ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻀﺎت )م\اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
אאאאW١٥{٧
Kא
Wאא
EACIFאאאKאאא ٢٨ אא
א (scaffolding) K ٥٦ א
אאאKאא
Kאא
Wאא(BS8110)אאא
א١{٢٥Hאא :(a)
EאHאאF١{٢٥ :(b)
אאE١٦{٧F(deflections)אאאאK٢٤אא
Wאא(cracks)א
f1ZאאWא •
f2ZאאW٢٤ •
f3ZאאWא •
f4ZאאWא٢٤ •
40l 2 א
〉 f2
h
Kאאא
EFאWl
EFאWh
- ١٠٣ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
prestressed concreteא f 2 − f3
× 100〉85%
f2
אאאא אא
Kאאא
ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ
رﻓﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ
اﻟﺤﻤﻞ
اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف
KאאאאאW١٦{٧
- ١٠٤ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
رآﻴﺰة
رآﻴﺰة
ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻘﺮص
l
אאאW١٧{٧
אW١٨{٧
- ١٠٥ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
KאאW١
K ١٤٠א ١٠٠א
kN١٨٠ZאK٢٥אאא
4
180000 P
MPa 22.93 = = Zא
7850 A
140
1.4 = Zאא
100
2.3 × 22.93
MPa 23.82 = 1 Wאאאא
1.5 +
1.4
3.0 × 22.93
MPa 31.06 = 1 Wאא
1.5 +
1.4
KאאW٢
K ١٣٠א ١٠٠א
Kאא ٢٥אאא
K٢٠אאאKא٤٥
kN٢١٠Zא
4
210000 P
MPa 26.75 = = Zא
7850 A
130
1.5 = Zאא
100
- ١٠٦ -
אא ٢٠٢א
אאאא אא
2.5 × 26.75
MPa 29.47 = 1 Wאאאא
1.5 +
1.3
- ١٠٧ -
אא ٢٠٢א
א אא
אKאאKאKאא،אא K١
K٢٠٠٠Kא
K١٩٩٠KאKא،א K٢
K١٩٩٩KאאאKאK K٣
K١٩٨٦KאאKא،אא K٤
K١٩٩٢KאKא K٥
K١٩٩٢KאאאKא K٦
7. Neville A. M. and Brooks J. J. Concrete Technology. London, Longman, 1990.
8. Neville A. M. Properties of Concrete. London, Longman, 1996.
9. Pigeon M and Plean R. Durability of concrete in cold climates, Spon Press,
1995.
10. Maier. High Performance Concrete, Spon Press, 1992.
11. Soroka L, Concrete in Hot Environments, Spon Press, 1993.
12. Richardson. M. G. Fundamentals of durable reinforced concrete, Spon Press,
2002.
13. Illston J. M. and Domone P. L. J. Construction Materials, Spon Press, 2001.
14. ACI-committee 305R-77 (Revised 1982), Hot-weather concreting, Part 2, ACI
Manual of Concrete Practice, 1984.
15. ACI-committee 306R-78, Cold-weather concreting, Part 2, ACI Manual of
Concrete Practice, 1984.
16. Concrete Society, Concrete core testing for strength, technical Report No. 11,
Cement and Concrete Association, London, 1976.
17. Sidney Mindess and Francis Young J. Concrete. Prentice Hall, 1981.
18. Bungey J. H. The Testing of Concrete in Structures, Surrey University Press,
1982.
19. Concrete Society, Pumping Concrete, Report No. 1, Cement and Concrete
Association, London, 1984.
20. Colin Deacon R. Concrete Ground Floors. Their design, construction and finish.
Cement and Concrete Association, London, 1974.
- ١٠٨ -
אא ٢٠٢א
א אא
- ١٠٩ -
א ٢٠٢א
א אא
א
١ KאאאWאא
٢ ١{١
٢ Wא٢{١
٣ אא١{٢{١
٣ אא٢{٢{١
٤ א٣{٢{١
٥ א٣{١
٧ א٤{١
١٠ א٥{١
١٤ א٦{١
١٥ אא١{٦{١
١٥ אא٢{٦{١
١٦ אאאאא٣{٦{١
١٧ אאאא٤{٦{١
١٧ א٥{٦{١
١٨ א٦{٦{١
١٨ א٧{١
٢١ אWאא
٢٢ ١{٢
٢٣ אאאא٢{٢
٢٤ א٣{٢
٢٤ אא١{٣{٢
٢٦ אאא٢{٣{٢
٢٩ א٤{٢
א ٢٠٢א
א אא
٣٢ אאאWאא
٣٣ ١{٣
٣٣ אאא٢{٣
٣٣ אאאא٣{٣
٣٦ אאא٤{٣
٣٧ א١{٤{٣
٤٢ אא٢{٤{٣
٤٣ אאאWאאא
٤٤ ١{٤
٤٤ אא٢{٤
٤٧ אא٣{٤
٤٨ א١{٣{٤
٤٩ א٢{٣{٤
٥١ אא٤{٤
٥٢ אא١{٤{٤
٥٣ אאא٥{٤
٥٦ אא٦{٤
٥٧ אא٧{٤
٥٩ אאאWאא
٦٠ ١{٥
٦٠ אא٢{٥
٦٢ א٣{٥
א ٢٠٢א
א אא
٦٤ אאאאWאא
٦٥ ١{٦
٦٥ אאא٢{٦
٦٥ א١{٢{٦
٦٥ אאא א٢{٢{٦
٦٧ א ٣{٢{٦
٦٧ אא א١{٣{٢{٦
٦٩ א א٢{٣{٢{٦
٧١ א א٣{٣{٢{٦
٧٣ א א٤{٣{٢{٦
٧٤ אאא٣{٦
٧٥ אאאא١{٣{٦
٧٧ אא٢{٣{٦
٧٧ אא٣{٣{٦
٨٠ אא٤{٣{٦
٨١ אאא١{٤{٣{٦
٨٢ א אאא٢{٤{٣{٦
٨٧ אאאאWאא
٨٨ ١{٧
٨٨ אאא٢{٧
٨٩ א١{٢{٧
٩٠ א٢{٢{٧
א ٢٠٢א
א אא
٩٢ א ٣{٢{٧
٩٢ אאאא ٤{٢{٧
٩٣ אא٥{٢{٧
٩٥ אא٣{٧
٩٥ א١{٣{٧
٩٦ אא٢{٣{٧
٩٧ אאאא٣{٣{٧
٩٩ אאא٤{٣{٧
١٠٢ א٤{٧
١٠٨ אא