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Se llama competencia perfecta a un mercado comercial en donde ninguna empresa cuenta con
el poder de determinar los precios de los productos, ya que ningún ofertante o demandante
puede, de manera individual, determinar el valor de un bien o servicio.
Dentro de la competencia perfecta, los factores que determinan el precio del producto son la
oferta y la demanda, lo cual permite una mayor eficiencia en la asignación de recursos.
Los consumidores individuales también deberán aceptar el precio para que se lleve a cabo una
competencia perfecta y se alcance un equilibrio entre la cantidad ofertada y la demanda del
producto. Así, este sistema será adecuado para algunos mercados pero no para todos.
Fabricación de pan: existen muchos tipos de panes que son similares en todas las
panaderías. Además, en general, existen varias cafeterías o panaderías muy cerca de
otras, por lo que es muy común que el precio del pan sea el mismo en todas las
panaderías del sector.
Agricultura: este sector es el más cercano a la competencia perfecta, ya que cuenta
con una gran variedad de vendedores que comercializan productos idénticos al mismo
costo.
Software libre: funciona de manera muy parecida a los mercados de agricultura ya que
pueden ingresar o salir del mercado a su voluntad y su costo se determina según las
condiciones del mercado, no por los vendedores.
Question:
Perfect competition is the term that is used by microeconomics as well as economics, to refer
to a certain market in which companies lack the power to control the price of a certain
product, and there is a maximization of welfare, which results in a situation in which the
interaction of supply and demand determines the price. In this type of market there is an
abundance of buyers and sellers, so that there are many, no individual buyer or seller can
influence the determination of the price.
Perfect competition is an idealized representation of the markets for goods and services in
which the reciprocal interaction of supply and demand determines the price. A perfectly
competitive market is one in which there are many buyers and many sellers, so that no single
buyer or seller has a decisive influence on price.
Perfect competition is called a commercial market where no company has the power to
determine the prices of products, since no supplier or applicant can individually determine the
value of a good or service.
Within perfect competition, the factors that determine the price of the product are supply and
demand, which allows greater efficiency in the allocation of resources.
Individual consumers will also have to accept the price in order for perfect competition to take
place and balance between quantity supplied and demand for the product. Thus, this system
will be suitable for some markets but not for all.
Knowing the meaning of what is perfect competition, we can determine what are the
conditions that must exist in a market for this term to be met, and they are the following:
• That companies sell the same product in that market, which will cause the buyer to be
indifferent to buying from one company or another, since they sell the same thing.
• That there is complete and free information for companies and consumers of the products
that are sold.
• That there are no transaction costs, that is, neither consumers nor companies incur costs for
the transaction of products.
Examples:
• Bread making: there are many types of bread that are similar in all bakeries. In addition, in
general, there are several cafeterias or bakeries very close to each other, so it is very common
for the price of bread to be the same in all bakeries in the sector.
• Agriculture: this sector is the closest to perfect competition, since it has a wide variety of
vendors who sell identical products at the same cost.
• Free software: works in much the same way as agricultural markets since they can enter or
exit the market at their will and its cost is determined by market conditions, not by sellers.