Grammar T.7 (M.

6)

Asking and giving instructions and orders

 Para pedir instrucciones se usar preguntas como:

How do you… ? How do you play caught you?

How can I ….? How can I get to Canal Street from here, please?

How should I…? I need to write a letter of complaint. How should I write it ?

How would you …? How would you resolve this problem?

What is the best way to …? What is the best way to remove these stains from clothes?

What is the first step to…? What is the first step to open a bank account?
What´s the next step?
What do you do next?

 Para dar órdenes e instrucciones se usa el imperative:

 Se forma sin sujeto y con infinitivo sin to

 Se refiere siempre a la 2º persona del singular o plural

- Move the rope rhythmically!

- Don´t stand on the rope!
- Speak up!
- Lock the door
- Be quiet, please

 Para saber a quién va dirigida la orden, nos guiamos por el context

- Jenny, help me sort out this problem

- Robert, come to the board, please
- Do it yourself

 También se puede usar el pronombre personal you o el pronombre indefinido someone

- You be good, ok?
- Someone open the window, please

 En oraciones negativas se usa don´t, do not o never delante del verbo

- Don´t move
- Never touch a dog that you don´t know
- Do not turn the page yet

 Con el verbo to be el imperative es be, don´t be

- Be quiet, please
- Be nice to the teacher
- Don´t be late next tme
- Don´t be silly
 Grammar T.7 (M.6)

 Para expresar una orden de un modo más formal o educado se puede usar:

Do Do come in

Please Please, don´t speak

Will + pronombre Close the door, will you?

Explain the situation, will you?

Fijate
Las instrucciones escritas suelen omitir los artículos y otras palabras

- Press button twice

- Turn off switch

Para dar órdenes e instrucciones se usa también let´s…. / let us :

 Let´s + verbo se usa para hacer una sugerencia o para dar una orden en la cual se incluye el
hablante

- Let´s go for a walk

- Let´s try this option

 La forma negative es let´s not + verbo

- Let´s not talk about that
- Let´s not make that mistake again

 En un context formal o escrito se puede usar let us

- Let us consider this option first

- Let us look at this other example
- Let us not do that again

Para DAR Instrucciones se usa lo siguientes verbos seguidos de otro verbo acabado en - ing :

Start Start moving forward, please

Start playing and throw the ball

Stop Stop scratching your leg

Stop jumping when you are tired

Continue Don´t start arguing

Go on Go on explaining the problema

Go on jumping until you land on the rope

Carry on Carry on walking for a little while until you see a telephone box

Keep on Keep on working like this. Well done!

 Grammar T.7 (M.6)

Describing annoying habits

Describiendo hábitos que no nos gustan

 Para decir que algo o alguien no nos gusta o molesta podemos usar: always + - ing

- You´re always shouting at me

- She´s always criticizing me
- Why are you always complaining about money?
- My mother is always saying what I have to do

 Si nos referimos al pasado podemos utilizar always + past continuous

- The problema in that house was that the pone was always ringing
- We were not happy. They were always arriving late
- My sister was always cheating when she played games as a child

Accepting and Refusing

 Se usa will + verbo para aceptar hacer algo que nos pide:

- Ok, I´ll help you with your bag

- Please, first check your emails. Ok, I´ ll start with that straightaway
- I need you to finish this task. Ok. We´ll do it right now.
- Please, don´t be late. I´ll be there on time, don´t worry.

 Se usa will not, won´t o will never + verbo para rechazar o negarse hacer algo

- I won´t go there again! No way!

- You´re horrible! I´ll never play with you again!
- We have a problem. He said he will not sign the contract.
- My students copied in the exam. I won´t let this happen again
- It´s not the first time he says: I will never do that.