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La memoria humana. Aportaciones desde la neurociencia cognitiva

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COLECCIÓN «PSICOLOGÍA»

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Miguel Ángel Álvarez
© Ediciones Pirámide (Grupo Anaya, S. A.), 2015
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 Índice

Prólogo ......................................................................................................................... 17

1. Introducción al estudio de la memoria ............................................................. 19

1. Importancia de la memoria .............................................................................. 20

2. Problemas no resueltos de la evaluación de la memoria ................................... 21
3. Memoria, ¿proceso cognitivo particular o propiedad del sistema nervioso? ..... 26

2. Fundamentos psicobiológicos de la memoria ................................................ 31

1. Principios del funcionamiento del sistema nervioso ......................................... 31

2. Bases neurales de la memoria ........................................................................... 52
3. La memoria en relación con otros procesos cognitivos ....................................
4. Plasticidad ........................................................................................................
5. Conclusión ........................................................................................................

3. Modelos cognitivos de memoria ....................................................................... 55

1. Arquitectura funcional de la memoria .............................................................. 55

2. Memoria sensorial ............................................................................................ 58
3. Memoria a corto plazo ..................................................................................... 60
4. La memoria operativa ...................................................................................... 64
5. Memoria a largo plazo ..................................................................................... 67

4. Sistemas de memoria, procesos de recuperación automática y con-

ciencia .................................................................................................................... 81

1. Introducción ..................................................................................................... 81
2. Procesamiento controlado versus procesamiento automático ........................... 82
3. Procesos automáticos de recuperación ............................................................. 82
4. Sistemas de memoria ........................................................................................ 85
5. Modelos de recuperación automática ............................................................... 88
6. Recuperación dependiente de la codificación ................................................... 93

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12 / Índice

7. Memoria y conciencia ...................................................................................... 96

8. El estudio de las experiencias de memoria ....................................................... 104

5. El papel del contexto en la memoria ................................................................ 115

1. La importancia del contexto ............................................................................. 115

2. Definición de contexto ..................................................................................... 118
3. El contexto semántico ...................................................................................... 119
4. El contexto ambiental ....................................................................................... 127
5. El contexto cognitivo ........................................................................................ 134
6. Neurofisiología de la memoria en contexto ...................................................... 145
7. Presente y futuro del contexto en los modelos de memoria .............................. 153

6. Emoción y memoria ............................................................................................. 155

1. Neurobiología de la relación emoción-memoria ............................................... 155

2. Accesibilidad de la memoria en función del contexto emocional ..................... 162
3. Memorias emocionales ..................................................................................... 167
4. Ansiedad y memoria ......................................................................................... 178
5. Conclusiones ..................................................................................................... 182

7. Déficit y alteración de la memoria: olvido, falsas memorias y amnesias ... 183

1. Olvido. Aspectos básicos .................................................................................. 183

2. Interferencia y memoria ................................................................................... 186
3. Olvido deliberado ............................................................................................. 188
4. Las falsas memorias ......................................................................................... 190
5. Amnesias .......................................................................................................... 198
6. Conclusiones ..................................................................................................... 205

8. La memoria autobiográfica ................................................................................ 207

1. Definición y tipos de memoria autobiográfica ................................................. 207

2. El estudio de la memoria autobiográfica .......................................................... 208
3. Organización de las memorias autobiográficas ................................................ 210
4. La memoria autobiográfica infantil .................................................................. 212
5. Memoria autobiográfica en ancianos ............................................................... 215
6. Memoria autobiográfica en las personas con discapacidad intelectual ............ 215

9. La memoria durante el ciclo vital ....................................................................... 217

1. Introducción ..................................................................................................... 217

2. Bases neurales de la memoria en la infancia .................................................... 217
3. Memoria visoespacial, atención y tiempo de reacción en edad escolar ............ 219
4. Memoria en el envejecimiento sano .................................................................. 220

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 Índice / 13

10. Memoria de testigos .......................................................................................... 227

1. Introducción ................................................................................................... 227

2. La exactitud de las declaraciones .................................................................... 227
3. Obtención de la declaración ........................................................................... 236
4. Identificación de personas .............................................................................. 239
5. Conclusiones ................................................................................................... 246

Bibliografía ................................................................................................................... 247

© Ediciones Pirámide
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